职称英语考试 争锋软件 理工A 考前最后的押题.doc
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1、2014年争锋软件职称英语考前押题阅读理解:(共6篇,重点4篇) Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright(重点) Batteries Built by Viruses(重点) Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers”(重点) Teaching Math,Teaching Anxiety(重点)n Cell Phones Increase Traffic,Pedestrain Fatalitiesn U.S.Scientists Comfirm Wa
2、ter On Mars建议对以下文章进行一般性了解:l Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Neededl Renewable Energy Sourcesl Too Little for Global Warmingl Clone Farml Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warningl Listening to Birdsong购买金牌保过版的客户,请认真学习软件中“名师课堂-阅读理解精讲”中以上相关文章的课程。请尽量将“名师课堂-阅读理解精讲”中的全部课程都学习掌握好,以确保在
3、任何情况下都能轻松应对。完形填空: Free Stains With Fast Food Could Neutrailze Heart Risk “Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage Sharks Perform a Service for Earths Waters【阅读理解】Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright直立(重点掌握)视频课程见:名师课堂-阅读理解精讲 第7讲Most of us walk and carry items in our h
4、ands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us dont question. But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GWs Columbian College of Arts and Sciences,have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated起源 millions of years ago as an
5、adaptation适应 to carrying scarce稀缺, high- quality resources. The team of researchers from the U. S., England, Japan and Portugal investigated研究考察 the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees黑猩猩 as they competed竞争 for food resources, in an effort to understand what ecological生态 settings would lead a large a
6、pe大猿 one that resembles类似于 the 6 million-year old ancestor祖先 we shared in common共同分享 with living chimpanzees to walk on two legs. “These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs, ,said Dr. Richmond. The research
7、findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs四肢 instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize独占 a resource. Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands. Over time久而久之,intense激烈的 bursts爆发of bipedal双脚 activity may have
8、 led to anatomical解剖学 changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong. Two studies were conducted进行 by the team in Guinea几内亚. The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto Universitys “outdoor laboratory” in a natural clearin
9、g天然空地 in Bossou Forest博苏森林. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to有权使用 different combinations of two different types of nut the oil palm nut油棕榈坚果,which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut可乐果, which is not. The chimpanzees behavior was monitored in three situations:(a) when o
10、nly oil palm nuts were available,(b)when a small number of coula nuts were available,and(c) when coula nuts were the majority available resource. When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority
11、resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized珍贵的 resource and competed for them more intensely激烈的. In such high-competition settings,the frequency频率 of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increase
12、d by a factor of four四倍. Not only was it obvious that bipedal双足 movement allowed them to carry more of this precious珍贵 resource, but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available - even their mouths. The second study, by Kimberley Hockings
13、of Oxford Brookes University, was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding抢劫粮食, a situation in which they have to compete for rare and unpredictable不可预知的 resources. Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal双足 movement, and once again, this behavior appeare
14、d to be linked to a clear attempt to尝试 carry as much as possible at one time. 词汇: scarce adj.缺乏的,不足的;稀有的 chimpanzee n.黑猩猩 ape n.无尾猿; 类人猿 bipedal adj. 二足的 anatomical adj.解剖的 coula nuts( coula 也可写作 cola 或 kola)可乐果 注释: 1. GWs Columbian College of Arts and Sciences:乔治华盛顿大学哥伦比亚艺术与科学学 院。乔治华盛顿大学(George Was
15、hington University)的英文简称为GW,是美国顶尖的私立大学之一,于 1821年建校,位于美国首都华盛顿。 2. ecological settings: 生态环境 3. bipedal activity:双足活动 4. anatomical chaiige: 解剖学上的变化 5. Kyoto University:京都大学,是继东京大学之后成立的日本第二所国立大学,于1897 年建校。京都大学主要校区位于日本历史名城京都市。 6. Bossou: 博苏,几内亚的一个地名。博苏森林生活着黑猩猩群落。 7. oil palm nut: 油棕榈坚果 8. increased by
16、a factor of four:增加了四倍 9. in one go: 口气 10. Oxford Brookes University: 牛津布鲁克斯大学,创立于1865 年,是英国最具特色的综合性大学之一。牛津布鲁克斯大学位于世界学术名城牛津。这里学风浓郁、精英荟萃,历来为求学圣地。1.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs?A.Many people question the simple human activities of walking and car
17、rying items.B.Chimpanzees behaviors may suggest why humans walk on two legs.C.Human walking upright is viewed as an adaptation适应 to carrying precious resources.D.Our ancestors ecological conditions resembled相似 those of modern-day chimpanzees.2.Dr. Richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose o
18、f findingA.when humans began walking on two legs.B.what made our ancestors walk upright.C.what benefits walking upright brought to our ancestors.D.how walking upright helped chimpanzees monopolize独占 resources.3.Kyoto, Universitys study discovered that chimpanzees.A.regarded both types of nut as pric
19、ed resourcesB.preferred oil palm nuts to coula nuts.C.liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts.D.ignored both types of nut altogether.4.Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs四肢 during Kyoto Universitys experiment?A.Because they imitated模仿 the human way of walking just for fun.B.Because they wan
20、ted to please the researchers to get more coula nuts from them.C.Because they wanted to get to the nut-rich forest faster by walking that way.D.Because they wanted to carry more nuts with two free limbs.5.What can we infer from the reading passage?A.Chimpanzees are in the same process of evolution a
21、s our ancestors were.B.Chimpanzees are similar to humans in many behaviors.C.Walking on two limbs and walking on four limbs each have their advantages.D.Human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival生存手段.答案及解析1、A第一段第一句和第二句说明,大多数人对人类直立行走习以为常,并不质疑这种习惯。而 A的内容正好与此相反,所以是答案。其他选项所述内容均可从第一段和第二段推
22、断出2、B 文章报道,科学家通过实验证实黑猩猩直立行走是为了解放前肢,让前肢搬运对其生命至关重要的资源,从而推断出人类祖先也经历了从四足到二足的进化过程。科学家想通过对黑猩猩的实验解释人类直立行走的成因。所以 B 是答案,A、C、D选项不是科学家进行研究的目的。3、C 第五段明白无误地描述了黑猩猩全然不顾油棕榈坚果(ignored the oil palm nuts altogether),集中精力抢运可乐果。所以 C 是答案,B、C、D 的内容不符合文章原意4、D 黑猩猩用后肢直立行走,搬运资源的效率提高了四倍。选项D符合原意,是答案。选项 A、B、C 的内容文章中没有提到,所以不是答案。5
23、、D 了解了通篇文章的意思,就会选择选项 D。人类直立行走是受生态环境所迫,是人类生存的一种手段,直立行走是自然选择的结果。选项 A 和 C 的内容文章中没有涉及。文章中有选项 B的内容,但它不是文章的主旨。译文研究人员发现人类开始直立行走的原因我们大多数人每天都走路而且手里搬着东西。这样的活动看似太简单,大多数人没有疑问。但是一个国际研究者(包括乔治华盛顿大学哥伦比亚艺术与科学学院的Richmond 博士)团队已经发现了人类直立行走可能源于数百万年以前适应搬运稀有的、高质量的资源。这些来自美国、英国、日本和葡萄牙的研究者研究了当代黑猩猩争抢食物时的行为特征,试图对什么样的生态环境竟然导致大猿
24、(一种我们与现存的黑猩猩一样的 600 万年前的祖先)直立行走作出解释。 “这些黑猩猩居住的生态环境和我们最早的祖先开始直立行走时是相同的,” Richmond 博士说。研究结果显示,当黑猩猩需要独占一种资源时,它们就从四肢行走转换为直立行走。由于直立行走可以解放它们的双手,这使得它们能搬更多的东西。久而久之,双足活动的强烈爆发可能导致了解剖学上的变化,因此这种变化也就成为自然选择的主题,在那种情况下,对食物或其他 资源的争夺是十分激烈的。 有两项研究是在几内亚完成的。第一项研究是在京都大学博苏森林的一块天然空地“室外实验室”进行的。研究者们允许森林里的黑猩猩能得到两种不同的坚果,一种叫油棕榈
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