中级经济师考试经济基础复习重点.doc

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1、2013年中级经济师考试经济基础复习重点一、物权的概念和特征(一)物权的概念物权是特定社会人与人之间对物的占有关系在法律上的表现，是法律确认的主体对物依法享有的支配权利，即权利人在法定范围内直接支配一定的物，并排斥他人干涉的权利。(二)物权的特征1、物权与债权的联系(1)物权和债权构成了市场经济社会的最基本的财产权利。(2)在商品经济条件下，人和财产的结合表现为物权，当财产进入流通领域之后，在不同主体之间的交换则体现为债权。主体享有物权是交换的前提，交换过程则表现为债权，交换的结果往往导致物权的让渡和移转。2、物权与债权的区别(1)物权是绝对权(对世权);债权是相对权(对*)物权的权利主体是特

2、定的，而义务主体是权利人之外的不特定的一切人。债权的权利主体和义务主体都是特定的，债权人的请求权只对特定的债务人发生效力。(2)物权属于支配权;债权属于请求权物权的权利人不必依赖他人的帮助就能行使其权利。债权的权利人一般不直接支配一定的物，而是请求债务人依照债的规定履行义务，即债权必须有相对的义务人给予协助方可顺利实现。(3)物权是法定的，物权的设定采用法定主义;物权的种类和基本内容由法律规定，不允许当事人自由创设物权种类。债权特别是合同债权，主要由当事人自由确定。(4)物权的客体一般为物物权的标的一般是特定物、独立物、有体物。【注】行为、智力成果和人身利益均不能成为物权的客体。债权一般直接指

3、向的是行为，而间接涉及物。在债权关系存续期间，债权人一般不直接占有债务人的财产，只有在债务人交付财产以后，债权人才能直接支配物。(5)物权具有追及效力和优先效力物权的追及效力。：物权的标的物无论辗转流向何处，权利人均得追及于物之所在地行使其权利，依法请求不法占有人返还原物。:债权原则上不具有追及的效力。债权的标的物在没有移转所有权之前，债务人非法转让并由第三人占有时，债权人不得请求物的占有人返还财产，只能请求债务人履行债务和承担违约责任。物权的优先效力。：当物权与债权并存时，物权优先于债权。【注】物权优于债权不是绝对的，如“买卖不破租赁”原则，是指租赁物交付后的租赁权不因租赁物所有权的转移或其

4、他物权的设定而受到影响。:同一标的物上存在着两个或两个以上内容或性质相同的物权时，成立在先的物权优先于成立在后的物权。债权不具有这种对内优先的效力，在同一物上可以设立多个债权，各个债权都具有平等的效力，债权人在依法受偿时都是平等的。【例题1：多选】与债权相比，下列关于物权的特征表述正确的有()A物权是对*B物权是法定的C物权属于支配权D物权的客体一般为物和行为E当物权与债权并存时，物权优先于债权【答案】BCE【例题2：2011年单选】关于物权与债权区别的说法，错误的是()。A.物权是支配权，债权是请求权B.物权为绝对权，债权为相对权C.物权不允许当事人自由创设，债权主要由当事人自由确定D.物权

5、具有优先力与追及力，债权只有追及力【答案】D二、物权法的基本原则物权法的基本原则主要包括物权法定原则、一物一权原则和物权公示原则。1.物权法定原则物权法定原则，是指物权的种类、内容、效力、得丧变更及其保护的方法均源自法律的直接规定，当事人不得自由地创设。2.一物一权原则一个特定的标的物上只有一个所有权。一个所有权的客体仅为一个独立物，集合物原则上不能成为一个所有权的客体，而只能成为多个所有权的客体。同一物上不得设有两个以上相互冲突和矛盾的物权。同一物之上可以并存数个不相矛盾的物权。例如所有权与他物权同时并存;在同一物之上设定数个不相矛盾的担保权等。3.物权公示原则物权公示原则，是指民事主体对物

6、权的享有与变动均应采取可取信于社会公众的外部表现方式的原则。物权公示原则的具体内容包括：物权的公示方法必须由法律规定。物权法第6条规定：“不动产物权的设立、变更、转让和消灭，应当依照法律规定登记。动产物权的设立和转让，应当依照法律规定交付。”物权公示的效力必须由法律规定。依照我国法律的规定，普通的动产一经交付，便发生所有权转移的后果;不动产的转让一经办理登记手续，便发生该不动产的所有权转移的法律后果。【注】为防止一房两卖的发生，我国物权法建立了“预告登记”制度。预告登记，是指为保全一项请求权而进行的不动产登记，该项请求权所要达到的目的，是在将来发生不动产物权变动。【注1】物权法第20条规定，“

7、当事人签订买卖房屋或者其他不动产物权的协议，为保障将来实现物权，按照约定可以向登记机构申请预告登记。预告登记后，未经预告登记的权利人同意，处分该不动产的，不发生物权效力。预告登记后，债权消灭或者自能够进行不动产登记之日起三个月内未申请登记的，预告登记失效。”【注2】传统的不动产物权登记都是针对现实的不动产物权进行登记，而预告登记所登记的，不是不动产物权，而是目的在于将来发生不动产物权变动的请求权。【注3】预告登记的本质特征是使被登记的请求权具有物权的效力，也就是说，经过预告登记之后的请求权，对后来发生的与该项请求权内容相同的不动产物权的处分行为，具有对抗的效力。【例题3：2012年多选】物权法

8、的基本原则包括()。A.物权法定原则B.诚实信用原则C.平等自愿原则D.一物一权原则E.物权公示原则【答案】ADE【例题4：多选题】甲向乙出售房屋并订立买卖合同。双方约定：乙应在一年内分期支付完毕价款;甲先将房屋交付乙使用，一年后转移所有权。房屋交付后，双方前往房屋登记机构办理了预告登记。下列表述中，正确的有()。A.乙已取得房屋所有权B.若甲未经乙同意，将房屋另行出卖给丙，则甲、丙的买卖合同无效C.若甲未经乙同意，将房屋另行出卖给丙，则该买卖行为不能发生物权效力D.若甲因为乙没有按期支付价款而依法解除合同，则预告登记失效E.若乙自能够进行不动产登记之日起三个月内未申请登记的，预告登记失效待添

9、加的隐藏文字内容2【答案】CDE【解析】本题中，由于双方没有办理正式的登记，因此乙并没有取得房屋所有权，A选项错误;预告登记的作用在于使得权利人擅自处分不动产时不发生物权变动效力，而对合同的效力没有影响，因此甲丙签订的买卖合同还是有效的，B选项错误，C选项正确;预告登记后债权消灭或者自能够进行不动产登记之日起三个月内未申请登记的，预告登记失效。D选项正确、E选项正确。Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit afte

10、r a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England on the

11、 opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Ki

12、wi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011.Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said Williams.The (lack of) a

13、ir up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure,

14、 he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, ha

15、s also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent coul

16、d happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atm

17、osphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary laye

18、r (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will

19、 not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team

20、under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. Theyve been great at all the ungl

21、amorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in ru

22、gby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.