中学地理教师实施有效教学的策略研究.doc
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1、中学地理教师实施有效教学的策略研究 目录 摘要 Abstract 第一章 绪论 1 1.1 地理有效教学问题的提出 1 1.1.1 地理教师实施有效教学研究的必要性分析 1 1.1.2 地理教师实施有效教学研究的目的和意义 4 1.2 地理有效教学研究的综述与评价 5 1.2.1 国内外地理有效教学研究综述 5 1.2.2 对前人关于地理有效教学研究的评价 6 第二章 实施地理有效教学的基本理念、影响因素及本质要求 8 2.1 “学习中心论”?地理有效教学的基本理念 8 2.1.1 “学习中心论”的基本内涵与教学主张 8 2.1.2 基于“学习中心论”的地理有效教学的基本内涵 9 2.1.3
2、新课程背景下学生地理学习的主要特征 10 2.2 教师的素养?地理有效教学的影响因素 12 2.2.1 地理教师的教育观念影响实施有效教学的积极性 12 2.2.2 地理教师的教学能力影响有效教学的成效 13 2.2.3 地理教师的基本素质和技能影响有效教学策略的选择 14 2.3 培养高品质思维能力?地理有效教学的本质要求 16 2.3.1 高品质思维的涵义 16 2.3.2 高品质思维能力的培养 18 第三章 中学地理有效教学策略选择依据和基本原则 20 3.1 中学地理有效教学策略选择依据 20 3.1.1 依据课堂理念与地理教学目标选择教学策略 20 3.1.2 依据不同教学对象选择适
3、合的教学策略 20 3.1.3 依据教师自身的不同情况选择教学策略 21 3.1.4 依据具体地理教学资源选择教学策略 2153.2 中学地理有效教学策略选择的基本原则 22 3.2.1 发展性原则 23 3.2.2 主体性原则 24 3.2.3 过程性原则 25 3.2.4 开放性原则 25 3.2.5 情境性原则 26 第四章 实施地理有效教学的基本策略 28 4.1 课堂有效管理策略 28 4.1.1 有效管理课堂表层行为策略 28 4.1.2 有效管理课堂时间策略 29 4.2 主要有效教学策略 30 4.2.1 有效提问策略 30 4.2.2 合作探究学习策略 32 4.2.3 教师
4、期望策略 35 4.2.4 分层次教学策略 37 第五章 总结与展望 41 参考文献 42 致谢 43 6摘要 地理新课程的实施,对地理教学的有效性提出了更高的要求;另一方面,在地理新课程实施过程中,有些地理教师的教育观念出现了认识的偏差,影响到地理教学的有效性。因此,进行地理教师有效教学研究是非常必要的。“学习中心论”是实施地理有效教学的基本理念。以“学习中心论”为基础和核心,有效教学应界定为:有效教学是教师通过教学过程的合规律性,成功引起、维持和促进学生的学习,相对有效地达到预期教学效果的教学。有效教学是为了提高教师的工作效益,强化过程评价和目标管理的一种现代教学理念。具体而言: (1)促
5、进学生的学习和发展是有效教学的根本目的,也是衡量教学有效性的唯一标准。 (2)激发和调动学生学习的主动性、积极性和自觉性是有效教学的出发点和基础。 (3)提供和创设适宜的教学条件,促进学生形成有效学习,是有效教学的实质与核心。 地理教师的教育观念、教学能力、基本素质和技能等素养影响着地理有效教学的实施。地理有效教学的本质要求是培养学生高品质的思维能力。高品质思维主要指具有创造性的思维,包括批判性思维、求异性思维以及探索性思维。教师要通过培养学生主动学习、创造思维训练、促进思维灵活性、重视耐挫能力培养等培养学生高品质思维能力。地理有效教学策略的选择依据包括:课堂理念与教学目标、教学对象、教师自身
6、、地理教学资源。发展性原则、主体性原则、过程性原则、开放性原则、情境性原则是中学地理有效教学策略选择的五大基本原则。 地理有效教学策略是地理教师自觉地对教学活动及其因素进行宏观与微观统一的计划、评价和调控,以追求昀佳教学效率的计策和谋略,是地理教师有效教学的计策和谋略。主要探讨了由教学方法与技能构成的微观教学策略,特别是课堂教学策略。它们是课堂有效管理策略(有效管理课堂表层行为策略、有效管理课堂时间策略),主要有效教学策略(有效提问策略、合作探究策略、教师期望策略、分层次教学策略)。 关键词:有效教学 地理教师 教学策略IAbstract The implementation of the n
7、ew geography curriculum resulted in a further requirement on the effectiveness of the geography teaching; on one hand, during the implementation, the geography teachers notion of education has unfortunately been misconceived, leaving a bad effect on the effectiveness of geography teachingTherefore,
8、it is necessary to do some research into it“Studycentricism” is the basic theory in helping carry out the Geography Effective Teaching. “Studycentricism” advocates that equal emphases should be put on teaching and studying as well as the integration of the teacher-directed and the student-centered r
9、oles and that a modern Teacher-Student Relationship with fair cooperation and teaching-learning transaction should be set up. With “studycentricism” as its core, Effective Teaching is defined as follows: to reach the assigned teaching goal, by means of the regularity in the teaching process, the stu
10、dents interest in study is aroused, maintained and further developed. Effective Teaching is a method of modern teaching concept that is applied to improve the teaching efficiency, strengthen the evaluation of the teaching process and management by objectives. In practical terms: 1 Improving the stud
11、y and development of the students is the final goal of Effective Teaching as well as the2 To stimulate the students study activity and initiativeness is the starting point and base of Effective Teaching3 To offer and create a good learning condition in order to help students form Effective Learning
12、is the essence and gist of Effective TeachingThe implementation of Effective Teaching is affected by the educational concepts, teaching abilities, basic qualities and skills of geographical teachers. The essential requirement of the geographical Effective Teaching is to foster the students high qual
13、ity thinking skills, which refer to the creative thinking, including critical thinking, different thinking and exploratory thinking. Teachers can nurture the students high quality thinking skills by means of fostering their active learning,IItraining their creative thinking, bettering their thinking
14、 flexibility and emphasizing their frustration endurance. The decision criteria of the Geographical Effective Teaching Strategies include: teaching concepts, teaching objectives, teaching targets, teachers-self and the geographical teaching resources. The principles of development, the principles of
15、 main, principles of the process, principles of openness and principles of circumstance are the five main principles of the High School Geography Effective TeachingThe strategy of the classroom management refers to the strategy under which by means of coordinating the relations between teachers, stu
16、dents and the classroom situation, the intended teaching aims can be reached. And it includes the strategy of classroom behavior management and the strategy of classroom time management. The strategy of classroom behavior management means that if students talk to each other, pass piece notes, are ab
17、sent-minded, do not obey rules, sing songs, look into mirrors and eating snacks, teachers will regulate these behaviors. The strategy also includes creating a decent studying environment, setting a regulate classroom order, attracting the students attention with high quality teaching skills and hand
18、ling classroom problems tactfully. In order to pursue the highest teaching efficiency, the Geographical Effective Teaching can help geographical teachers consciously make the macro and micro planning, evaluation and adjustment to teaching activities and other factors. This paper mainly discusses the
19、 micro teaching strategy, especially the class teaching strategy, which is comprised of the teaching methods and techniques. The micro teaching strategy includes the classroom management strategy the strategy of classroom behavior effective management, the strategy of classroom time effective manage
20、ment, the primary effective teaching strategy the strategy of effective asking questions、the strategy of cooperating and exploring、the strategy of teacher expectations、the strategy of the multi-level teachingKey words: Effective Teaching, Geographical Teachers, Teaching StrategiesIII第一章 绪论 1.1 地理有效教
21、学问题的提出 1.1.1 地理教师实施有效教学的必要性分析 新一轮的课程改革正在全国逐步展开,随之而来的是教育观念、教育方法的变革,进而影响到学生学习方式、思维方式的变革。广大教育工作者正以积极的态度探寻适合当今教育的发展道路。 地理教育当然也不例外,很多地理教师在如何改进地理教学方面进行了积极的、有益的探索,取得了大量有意义的经验,这是令人鼓舞的。随着地理课堂改革的逐步深入,地理教师的教学理念、学生学习地理的方式、地理教学的评价方式等都发生了很大的转变,取得了积极的成果。但在深入课堂实践第一线的过程中,我深深地发现地理课堂教学中还普遍存在教学低效,甚至无效的情况。 我有一次听一位年轻教师的课
22、,讲的是“人类活动对环境的作用”。当讲到酸雨的影响时,展示出一幅我国酸雨区分布图。有位学生突然提出这样一个问题:“我国东北、华北重工业比较发达,为什么没有形成重酸雨区,而轻酸雨区分布范围也比较小?” 这一问题是老师始料未及的,瞬间错愕后,老师说:“这一问题提得很好,大家讨论一下形成的原因。” 教室内呈现出一派热闹景象。讨论三分钟后找学生代表回答原因,学生甲说:“北方风大,把酸性气体吹散了。” 学生乙说:“北方受夏季风影响时间短,降水较少。” 老师一一进行了表扬后,讨论草草收兵了。但仔细想想,这种讨论显然是肤浅的,并未形成完整的结论,不利于知识体系的形成。当学生回答时是不是应从不同角度进行评价?
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