初中英语介词用法大全.doc
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1、初中英语介词用法总括1.in序号功能含义理解核心典型例句1表示时间在某段时间朝代、古今、世纪、年代、年、季、月、星期、早、下午、晚上、过去、将来等不具体的、模糊的大于1天的时间段。(注意和at在这方面的区别:at指的是短于1天的时间点)In Tang dynasty;in the 19th century;in 1980;in this year;in spring;in a week; in a month;in the morning2表示位置在某个地方国家、地区、省、市、区、太空、天空等(自然意义上的地方)In china;in huabei;in Beijing;in the sky在
2、某个场所车、教室、超市等(注意和at在这方面的区别,at一般用在:家、角、店、站、口等可能有和露天接触的地方)In the train; in the classroom;甲处于乙中除实物里面外,注意“光、灯、影、树荫、雨、森林”,有全身置入某种环境之中的含义在内。We are in the classroom;They are sitting in the shade of a tree;They are studying in the birghtlight.3表示将来在以后用在一般将来时中,是从“现在时间点往后.”They will come back in 10 days4语言单位材料
3、/关于“材料“,注意和with在这个用法上的区别。(with偏向“工具”,in偏向“材料”)I wrote a novel in Russian;The length is measured in meter, and centimetre;This board was cast in gold.5状态方面服饰/状态:既可以指人的状态,也可指物的状态;方面:既可指具体,也可指抽象方面;服饰:尤以颜色和状态常考He wasnt in good health,so talk in low voice.Our country in rich in natural resources;A good t
4、eacher must be an example in studyHe is in red shoes today初中阶段应掌握的In的常见短语介词短语in all 总计;in general 一般来说;in time 及时;in advance 事前;in the meantime 与此同时;in place 适当地; in the hope of怀着希望;in connection with 和有关;in contact with 和联系;in addition to 除以外;in case of 倘若,万一;in conflict with 和冲突;in force 有效的,大批;in
5、 depth 彻底地;in regard to 关于;in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近;in retrospect 回顾,一想起;in behalf of 代表利益;in the long run 从长远说来;in ones opinion 在看来;in word 口头上;in a word 总之;in vain 无益地, 白白地;in case 如果,万一,以防;in detail 详细地;in haste 急急忙忙地;in conclusion 总之;in spite of 尽管;in other words换句话说;in return 作为回报;in the na
6、me of 以名义;be confident in 对有信心;be interested in 对感兴趣;in doubt 怀疑;in love 恋爱中;in debt 负债;in hesitation 犹豫不决;in wonder 在惊奇中;in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地);in a good mood (情绪)好; in danger, in debt(负债), in a hurry;in stock(有库存);in peace(平安) (at peace和平),动词短语believe in信任; break in break in 闯入,插嘴,打断;bring in
7、引起;产生;带来; come in进来;流行;call in下令收回; take in吸收、卷起;订阅,上当,受骗; turn in上缴,归还;fill in填充;get in收获;succeed in成功;check in到达登记,cut in插嘴,插入;count in包括; draw in时间接近; drop in顺路拜访;give in投降、屈服; go in for 参加;爱好,追求;hand in 交上,上缴;pour in源源而来。2.on序号功能含义理解核心典型例句1表示时间在某天或一天内的某个时间段在星期几、具体的某一天or某日的早、中、晚(时间前有定语修饰)On Sunda
8、y(Mon.Tue);on May 12th 1998;on the night of Oct.29th;on Wed.morning;on a cold night;on childrenday(核心提示:所有的节日都是用on)2表示位置(具体)在上面与物体表面相接触(注意与aboveover的区别)There are a lot of books on the shelf;On the face; on the head;on the floorfootball fieldplaygroudroadroofOn the farm on the market(常考)(抽象)在上面收音机、电视
9、、电话、网络、手机、问题、纸张(所有有形的,无形的“新闻媒体上”都是用on)On TV; on radio; surf on the internet;on the phone;You are wrong on all these issues在(边)上左、右、两边On the left; on the right; on both sides; there is a hotel on the lake3表示状态处于状态人或者物的目前状态;On duty; on show; on fire; on strike; on sale;on business;on schedule; on time
10、;on the country;on scale4表示关系关于文章or论著(高中阶段掌握)On指专门论述(注意和about相区别)I want a book on South Africa.He wrote an article on the importance of birth control靠相当于depend on的含义The people in the south live on rice;You cant afford the expensive ring on an income of 1000 yuan a month; on foot5特定时间一就(高中阶段掌握)相当于as
11、soon as+主语的含义On entering the room, he found his friends dancing;初中阶段应掌握In的常见短语介词短语On the spot当场;立即;on the run在逃跑中;On the air在广播中;on fire着火;on time准时;on duty值日;on strike罢工; on sale上市;on the country相反地;on schedule按时间表,准时; on business公事; on display在展出;on the one hand一方面;on the other hand另一方面; on ones w
12、ay to在路上;on ones own=by oneself;on top of;and so on等等;on purpose故意,专门特别注意:乘坐交通工具都用by,但on foot 步行;on horse骑马;on donkey骑驴动词短语Bring on引起,导致; call on 号召,拜访;decide on 决定;depend on依靠,取决于;get on上车;相处;进展; go on继续; get on with进展,相处; look on旁观,观望;look onas把看/当作;look down on看不起,轻视;pass on传递,传交;hand on传递下去;put
13、on 表演,上演;戴/穿上;假装;take on 呈现,具有;流行;承担,雇用;turn on打开(灯,气,水,电器等);work on 继续工作, 钻研(学问或技术); carry on继续开展,坚持; hold on 继续;(电话)不挂断;抓牢,坚持;try on试穿。3.at序号功能含义理解核心典型例句1表示时间在时刻岁时In是时间段,at是时间点,相对更精确At noon;at night;at midnight;at dawn;at lunch;at breakfast;at supper;at dinner;at the moment;at the same time;at onc
14、e;at the beginning of;at the end of;at the age of; at daybreak;at sunrise;at sunset; at 7 oclockat(on) the weekend常考2表示地点在位置或场所家、脚、角、店、站、口、底、中心、核心at the foot of;at the corner of ; at the crossroads;at the gate of;at he bottom of; at the top of;at the center of; at a distance;at the edge of ;at home;
15、at the barbars;at the airport;at the station; at 405 Victory Road 3表示度速度以速度The car ran at 120miles an hour; At full speed温度在度Water usually boils at 100; at 10 degrees centigrade价格按价格The pen was sold at a good price; at low cost4表示方向朝,向表示动作的方向Aim at向.瞄准;shout at向.大喊;throw at向.扔;smile at向.微笑;rush at向.
16、冲去;fire at向.开火5表示原因由于(高中阶段掌握一般用在系表结构中,对形容词的原因进行说明I was surprised at the news;He was discouraged at his failure6表示能力擅长于固定考点:be good at;be bad at;an expert atHe is good at drawing(at后接名词或动名词)初中阶段应掌握In的常见短语介词短语at first 首先,开始时;at last;at most;at least 至少;at all events 无论如何;at home 在家,无拘束;at a loss 不知怎办;
17、at any rate 不管怎样;at length 详细地;be at high tide 处于高潮期;at our invitation 应我们的邀请;at our request 应我们的请求;at the news 听到这消息;at the risk of 冒危险;at a great expense 以巨大费用;at intervals of 每隔;at the sight of 一见到at the point of 接近,靠近;at the thought of 一想到;at the speed of 以速度;at the cost (price) of 以为代价;at leisu
18、re 闲着、失业;at stake 在危险中、在成败关头;at bottom 实际上、本质上;at short notice 一得到通知;at seeing us 看到我们;at the present stage 在现阶段;at the weekend 周末;at all times 永远;动词短语call at访问(某地);come at袭击,攻击; get at意指,本意是;理解;到达; knock at 敲打(门窗),敲击; look at看; work at从事, 致力于, 钻研; laugh at嘲笑;glare at怒目而视; glance at匆匆一瞥;point at指向4.
19、about序号含义理解核心典型例句1关于、有关This is a book about how to study english2大约, 近于表示时间或数量I will be with you in about 3minutes;There are about 30students in the classroom.3到处,在周围,附近相当于here and thereHe walked about the street.4What about?(习惯用语)About为介词,所以后接动词ing形式What about taking a break?动词短语go about着手,四处走走;set
20、 about着手,开始;worry about为担心; come about 发生;care about关心、在意; bring about引起,带来,导致;knock about漫游;look about四处看看,四处环顾;set about doing着手做,开始;turn about向后转;think about考虑(是否去做);argue about争论; know about了解;hear about听说;ask about询问;chat about闲聊;quarrel about争吵;speaktalk about谈论;complain about报怨5.above序号含义理解核心
21、典型例句1高于,在之上表示位置、地位、年龄、价格、量(重、数、度)、音调等The mountain is 2000meters above the sea level(位置);I know youre above me socially, but I must say you are rude man(职位)The old lady is above eighty(年龄);There are above forty girl students in the class(数量);Our private car weighs 1.8tons(重量);Any money earned over th
22、at level is taxed(度量)2非能力所及,超出能力、行为、品质等The maths problem is above me;Honest above everything else;He is above doing such things(他不至于做出那样的事情来)介词短语Above all首先,最重要的是,最要紧的是;He was above all a good and tireless writer; above all, we must be health6.across序号含义理解核心典型例句1横过、穿过表示动作的方向He swam across the river;
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