英语本科毕业论文海丝特与卡米拉爱情观的对比分析.doc

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1、本科毕业论文海丝特与卡米拉爱情观的对比分析学生姓名： 学生学号： 200320207047 院（系）： 外国语学院 年级专业： 2003级英语本科5班 指导教师： 二七年五月A Comparative Analysis of the Attitudes Towards Love Between Hester and CamillaZou LijunUnder the Supervision ofZhang Yihua School of Foreign Languages and CulturesPanzhihua UniversityMay 2007ContentsAbstract.IKey

2、 Words.I摘要.II关键词.IIIntroduction.1I. The Different Backgrounds of Hester and Camilla2A. The Influence of Puritanism upon Hesters Poor Fate.2 B. Condemn from Royal Family and the Public towards Camilla4II. Differences in Character between Hester and Camilla.6A. Hesters Guilty Feelings.6 B. Camillas Co

3、nfidence7III. Rebellious Spirits.8 A. Hesters Three Main Rebellions.8 1. Insistence on the Guardianship over Pearl.8 2. Disclosing of the Hypocrisy of Chillingworth.8 3. Encouraging Dimmesdale Fleeing away with her.9 B. Camillas Rebellion.9IV. Views of Love by Comparison.10 A. The Influence of Femin

4、ism upon Hesters Attitude to Love.10 B. Camillas Active Attitude to her Love12V. Different Results.13 A. Hesters Tragic Results.13 B. Camillas Winning of the Respect and Marrying Charles.14Conclusion.16Acknowledgements.17Bibliography18AbstractHawthorne was a 19th century American novelist and short

5、story writer. The Scarlet Letter is his masterpiece, which reflects how the Puritanism devastates the human spirits and peoples longing for happiness. From the feminist point of view, The Scarlet Letter is also a novel about a rebellious woman, Hester. It creatively deduces that the heroine is fight

6、ing against the patriarchal oppression on her. The woman image that advocates feminism and seeks the romantic love is outstanding especially in Puritan society. Even though she is strong, brave, industrious, kindhearted, and with a lofty devoting spirit, her whole life is very tragic in the end. Cam

7、illa is now a “controversial” Princess in the English royal family, since she was Charless mistress for a long time before their marriage. Although Hester and Camilla are women in different eras, they have something in common. They have painful experiences of marriages without love. “Love is built o

8、n ideal soil, while marriage is on the basis of reality” (Xiong Wen, 82). Therefore, this paper mainly analyzes their attitudes towards love by comparison. There are similarities among their views of love. For example, both of them are rebellious women and eager to gain true love, struggling against

9、 the loveless marriages. The paper mostly demonstrates the differences from the aspects of different backgrounds, different characters, rebellious spirits, different views of love and results.Key WordsHester; Camilla; love; comparison; feminist consciousness摘要纳撒尼尔霍桑是19世纪美国的著名小说家和作家。长篇小说红字是霍桑的代表作。它充分

10、反应了清教对人的精神摧残和人们无法克制的对幸福生活的追求。从女权主义的角度看，红字是一部有关反叛女性海丝特的小说。小说创造性地演绎了当时的父系社会对海丝特的压迫。海丝特崇尚女权主义、追求浪漫爱情的女性形象在清教社会中表现的尤为突出。她虽然坚强、勇敢、勤劳、善良，并具有崇高的自我献身精神，但最终却落得悲惨的结局。卡米拉是当今英国王室一位颇具争议的王妃，而在这之前，她一直都扮演着查尔斯王子情妇的角色。海丝特与卡米拉是不同时代的两个女性，但她们之间却有着本质的联系。她们都有着只有婚姻而没有爱情的痛苦经历。“爱情是建立在理想土壤上的，而婚姻是建立在现实基础上的”（熊文，82）。因此本论文主要从爱情观的

11、角度对她们进行对比分析。海丝特与卡米拉的爱情观，同中有异，异中有同，都具有反叛和抗争，渴望得到真爱，都在无爱的婚姻中苦苦挣扎。论文将就她们的不同点：时代背景的不同，性格特征的不同，反叛方式，爱情观以及其结局的不同等方面对论文主题进行阐述。关键词海丝特；卡米拉；爱情；对比；女权主义意识IntroductionThe Scarlet Letter represents the height of Hawthornes literary genius. The Puritan setting enables Hawthorne to portray the human soul under extr

12、eme pressures. Hester is the heroine of Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter. She makes the way to rebellion not only in her thought but also in her action. As a woman, she always wants to find consolation and enjoyment from her husband or lover. She admires and seeks for the ideal marriage. Hester is eage

13、r to gain brightness and freedom. But her heart is always full of contradiction and grief. The punishment of Puritanism and humiliation of the people make her merely crazy. It is a pity that Dimmesdales cowardice and Puritanisms restraint lead her life to a tragic ending. In a sense, as a woman suff

14、ering from spirit sorrow, she is still loyal to Dimmesdale. She is a good model for the women of new generation. From her, people can know about the intrinsic meaning of true love.Camilla, as a controversial Princess, lives in Modern English royal family. By comparison with Hester, she is also a reb

15、ellious woman to fight against the royal family and the public. Camilla is older than Charles and a divorced woman, which makes it difficult for them to marry. But the intense love between them has spanned decades. It is a tale that has reached almost Shakespearian heights of passion, misery and bet

16、rayal. Their marriage thrusts them back into the spotlight which examines how they are kept apart by the royal family. But when the marriage between Charles and Diana ends, Camilla is regarded as a villain by the press.Both Hester and Camilla are rebels, struggling against the loveless marriages. Th

17、is paper mainly analyzes their views of love by comparison, from the aspects of their different backgrounds, characters, rebellious spirits, views of love and results. From their views of love, people can know the reasons to result in their different fates and results. Its easy to find that Hesters

18、thought is full of religious mistrial atmosphere and fatalism. This kind of religious thought envelops her whole life. Camilla cannot give in English royal family and the public. Nothing can shake her beliefloves Charles very much. I. The Different Backgrounds of Hester and CamillaDifferent backgrou

19、nds signify different fates, just like Hester and Camilla. Although their backgrounds are so different, the attitude to seek true love is the samebreaking through traditional concepts and secular prejudices and seeking their true love.A. The Influence of Puritanism upon Hesters Poor FateHester the h

20、eroine of Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, who values private self, pursuing personal freedom, humanity dignity, individual rights and so on, gives a heavy punch upon puritan society. The letter “A” functions as her passport into religions where other women dare not tread. Hester has been po

21、rtrayed as an intelligent and capable woman. It is the extraordinary circumstances shaping her that make her become such an important figure. She is the most controversial person. To a profound extent, she symbolizes a revolution. As a woman, she indulges herself, on behalf of human vulnerability an

22、d sadness. For the secular, she commits adultery, but as a devout puritan, she has also run counter to the religious rules. Pearl is just Hester in miniaturecraze, despair, emotional resistance and headstrong temperaments. She has been married, but she has never loved. When she and Dimmesdale make l

23、ove, the organs of sense are wakening by love. She comes to realize the true meaning as a woman. Therefore, she is eager to seek her true love. Her rebellious attitude and courage for the world not only confess her indulgence, but also collect her love in her heart. Thus, human and religious contrad

24、ictions become the focus. She is a devout puritan in essence, just because of great vitality, makes mistakes and has to suppress her desires. Dimmesdale and She dont play frivolous game, her crime is the result of humanitys extending, which doesnt mean abandoning religion, just because humanity and

25、religious doctrine conflict.The novel exposes capitalist development, the brutal social codes, religious deceptions and moral hypocrisies in the nineteenth-century era. Hester is written in a high moral heroine in disguise. But English traditions and prejudices are engraved on their minds: weak in n

26、umbers, but strong in spirit. Puritans live unrealistic lives that are horrifyingly rigid and that lead those to act definitely on the outside of love. They advocate being faithful with their rather gloomy outlook of life. Although Hawthorne doesnt personally show the view of puritan life, the probl

27、em of sin is obvious in his works. The Scarlet Letter is an American classical literature, a psychological melodrama about the cruel and unusual punishment of original sin committed out of love. The novel suggests that American romanticism adapt to American Puritanism. The theme is that guilt or sin

28、 will be punished whether you face or hide it. It puts forward a question that whether Hester admits her sin or not, and her love is really sinful. The dominant concern in the novel is the moral, emotional, and psychological effect on the people in general and those implicate in it in particular. Pu

29、ritanism is the ultimate reason that influences on Hesters whole life. American Puritanism stresses predestination, original sin, total depravity, and limits to gain atonements from Gods grace. It is based on the Biblical myth of the Garden of Eden. Hesters adultery is viewed as a threat to the Puri

30、tan community in which she lives. As is known to all, sin and knowledge are linked in the Judeo-Christian tradition. The Bible begins with the story of Adam and Eve who are expelled from the Garden of Eden for eating of the fruit of the trees of the garden and knowing good and evil. Adams degenerati

31、on makes people have original sins, but it also gains Gods grace. Gods grace has double standard, parallel justice and charity, and love with the law. That is why Puritans wants Hester to wear “A”. Namely, we shouldnt forget requirements of Gods justice while we gain Gods grace. Legal sanction is ne

32、cessary, because Adams degeneration has already made rationality and emotion be parted. Thus it loses Gods integrity faith. It is difficult for novelist to identify some helpless relief. Hester and Dimmesdales story is like the story of Adam and Eves. After falling in love in an instant, there is th

33、e myth of human origin, and there is also evil. The experience of Hester and Dimmesdale recalls the story of Adam and Eve, because in both cases, sin results in expulsion and suffering. But it also results in knowledge, especially, in knowledge of what it means to be human. When Hawthorne chooses a

34、potential human love to explore the “evil”, he has never let himself get rid of confusions and contradictions. As Adam said: “This is now bone of my bone and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called woman, because she was taken out of man.” And to the woman he said: “Great will be your pain in childbi

35、rth; in sorrow will your children come to birth; still your desire will be for your husband, but he will be your master.” (Duan Qi, 1994, 55).This opinion affects womens status in society. Religion aggravates the inequalities between men and women, at the same time it supports mens great atrocities

36、to women. It is precisely because of women subordinate status which has been designated that they suffer from the gender discrimination. Religious prejudice and secular moral punishment let them pay a heavy price. Whatever they are ancestral sins, moral sins or social sins, Hawthornes works all dig

37、deeply into the dark sides of human nature The Scarlet Letter scrutinizes early American puritanical society which shows how rigid, suffocating and hypocritical it could be. Hester rebels against the Puritan ethic and longs for real life, with genuine wholesome values based on love, not on controlli

38、ng. Namely, she is the opposite extreme of the puritans. B. Condemn From Royal Family and the Public towards CamillaCamilla Parker-Bowles is the second wife of Britains Prince Charles. She is in modern society, but as a woman, she still doesnt completely control her life and her true love. She doesn

39、t still get rid of the seculars prejudices and church pressures. Whats more, the royal family is arrogant. A couple being separated is seen as the modern version of Romeo and Juliet. In front of the royal family, history doesnt progress. However, what is it that makes a man love a woman so much? Bel

40、ieve it or not, it has little to do with sex, even though that is more than likely fantastic. It has to do with comfortable feeling together, making each other laugh and please, and sharing the same interests and hobbies. It has to do with complementing and consolation each other, each half making t

41、he other one whole, being soulmates. Great sex is a byproduct of such a relationship. After all, Charles loves Camilla very much. The hostility toward Charles and Camilla doesnt influence on their relationship.The public hate Camilla, which dont influence Camillas status in Charless heart. However,

42、most people who have an opinion about the future king of Great Britain are very anti-Camilla. She seems to be blamed for the breakup of Charles and Dianas marriage. She is perceived to be a home wrecker. However, Charles later admits that he and Camilla has been romantically involved .After Diana di

43、ed in 1997, Camilla becomes Charless steady companion and partner, amid much public chatter about the propriety of their behaviors and Charles should become king.Meanwhile, in fact, the purposes of Charles marrying Diana have nothing to do with love. If love happened it was incidental. It has to do

44、with an aging Prince being prodded by mother to marry so the monarchy would around for future generations. To be blunt what the future king of Britain needs is a virgin. And not to impugn the characters of English women, but hot looking and poised virgins from the upper crust families arent exactly

45、in great supply. A virgin bride is the only way to ensure the royal genes are carried on to the next generation. There is also the obvious concern that the King or Queen wouldnt contract sexually transmitted diseases like syphilis, which is quite common through much of human history. Camilla fails t

46、o qualify in the virginity department. Charles has spent over 30 years dating her and has wanted to marry her, but she is off the list of royal marriage partners because she isnt a virgin. Apparently, there are concerns that her blood isnt blue enough. Charles could be a future King and marry a proper British virgin or could abdicate, marry the woman he loves. Camillas ordinary appearance and age dont seem appropriate for a romantic woman. She is distorted by the tabloids endlessly, so she has been casting into the limelight. The public are driven by their own dreams, and think that love s