环境工程硕士学位论文复杂多金属硫化矿选矿废水处理与回用工艺研究.doc
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1、湖南农业大学硕 士 学 位 论 文复杂多金属硫化矿选矿废水处理与回用工艺研究二O一二年六月分类号 密 级 U D C 单位代码 湖南农业大学硕 士 学 位 论 文复杂多金属硫化矿选矿废水处理与回用工艺研究Study on The Treatment and The Reuse of Complex Poly-metallic Sulphide Ore Dressing Wastewater研究生姓名 指 导 教 师 教授 副指导教师 教授 学 科 专 业 环境工程 研 究 方 向 废水处理 提交论文日期 论文答辩日期 答辩委员会主席 论文评阅人 学位授予日期 二O一二年六月独 创 性 声 明本
2、人声明所呈交的论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。尽我所知,除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外,论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果,也不包含为获得湖南农业大学或其它教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。研究生签名: 时间: 年 月 日关于论文使用授权的说明本人完全了解湖南农业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,即:学校有权保留送交论文的复印件和磁盘,允许论文被查阅和借阅,可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编学位论文。同意湖南农业大学可以用不同方式在不同媒体上发表、传播学位论文的全部
3、或部分内容。(保密的学位论文在解密后应遵守此协议)研究生签名: 时间: 年 月 日导师签名: 时间: 年 月 日摘要据统计湖南省铅锌矿每天处理量在三万吨左右。按用水量平均5m3/t计,每天产生选矿废水15万m3,年排放选矿废水达4500万m3。选矿废水成分复杂,含有多种重金属离子、残留选矿药剂及悬浮物,不仅存在重金属污染、有机物污染,还有重金属与有机物的复合污染,直接排放会对周边生态环境产生严重的危害。因此开展选矿废水的处理与回用研究,对保护矿区周边生态环境,实现水资源循环利用及矿山的可持续发展有重大意义。湖南宝山铅锌矿是国内典型的多金属硫化矿并且伴生有较高价值的金银等贵金属,日处理规模500
4、t,年生产按300天计,每年处理矿石量15万t,日产生废水量2700m3,年产生废水达到81万m3。多金属硫化矿废水净化处理回用的难度高于单一金属矿选矿废水,废水中的金属离子和选矿药剂如达不到一定程度的净化,在回用过程中会严重影响金属分离回收指标。本文以湖南宝山铅锌矿选矿废水为研究对象,结合现场工艺生产流程,主要进行了以下工作。现场水量水质的查定和分析、废水自然降解试验、废水中的主要残余重金属离子和浮选药剂对铅锌浮选的影响试验、废水净化处理试验、废水回用试验,最终实现了废水的循环利用,废水回用率达到100%。现场水量水质的查定和分析结果表明:该废水pH12,悬浮物高难沉降、CODcr达到210
5、 mg/l、Pb2+含量达到6.21mg/l。废水自然降解试验结果表明:通过24个小时的自然降解,废水pH值几乎不变;悬浮物、CODcr、Pb2+去除率分别达到:50%,25.6%,43.6%。废水经过自然沉降后水质达不到污水综合排放标准。废水中重金属离子(主要指Pb2+)、残留选矿药剂(主要指捕收剂、起泡剂)等对铅锌浮选的影响试验结果表明:废水中残留的大量Pb2+和浮选矿药剂对铅锌浮选造成比较大的影响,铅精矿品位、铅回收率,锌精矿品位、锌回收率都有较大下降。废水处理试验考察了混凝沉降、活性炭吸附、氧化剂氧化等方法对该废水的处理净化效果。混凝沉降试验确定了最佳混凝剂为DA-1,最佳用量为60m
6、g/l;经过混凝沉降后废水中Pb2+含量由6.21mg/l降到1.15mg/l;CODcr值由210 mg/l降到105mg/l;SS、硫化物都达到污水综合排放标准一级标准。活性炭吸附试验确定了活性炭用量为150 mg/l,最佳吸附时间为30min。经过吸附后废水中CODcr由106 mg/l下降到77 mg/l,Pb2+含量由1.15mg/l下降到0.95mg/l。氧化试验最终确定氧化剂为ClO2,最佳用量为40mg/l。处理后废水中CODcr达到污水综合排放标准一级标准。废水回用试验结果表明:用经过“酸碱中和-混凝沉淀-吸附-氧化-澄清-回用”净化处理的废水进行闭路试验,对选矿药剂制度的微
7、调,处理水闭路试验结果和新鲜水闭路试验结果相近。处理水回用后试验指标为:铅精矿含铅55.78%、含锌2.17%、铅的回收率达到95.22%;锌精矿含锌55.26%、含铅0.68%、锌回收率达到95.44%。新鲜水闭路试验指标为:铅精矿含铅56.75%、含锌1.89%、铅的回收率达到95.71%;锌精矿含锌55.08%、含铅0.64%、锌回收率达到96.00%。试验为实现有色金属矿山废水零排放,水资源综合利用提供了技术参考。关键词:选矿废水;混凝沉淀;吸附;氧化;零排放;选矿指标;ABSTRACTAccording to the statistics 9 the produces of Huna
8、n lead-zinc ore is about thirty thousand tons each day produces. The average water of lead-zinc ore is 5 m3 per ton, it will produces nearly one hundred and fifty thousand tons of dressing wastewater daily, nearly forty-five million tons of dressing wastewater yearly. It have various substances in t
9、he dressing wastwater including a certain amount of heavy mental ions, residue mineral processing reagents, high content of SS and etc. Not only have the single pollution such as heavy metal pollution and organic pollution but also have the combined pollution. Hence, devastating influences must gene
10、rate to the surrounding ecological environment, if discharged dressing wastewater without any management and controlling. Accordingly, it is very important to take measures in controlling and reusing the dressing wastewater whether to consider in protecting the mining surrounding ecological environm
11、ent,or realizing water resources reclying and sustainable development of the mining.Hunan Baoshan lead-zinc plant is a domestic typical polymetallic sulifide ore and associated with high grade of silver and gold. The produces is about five hundred tons per day, the annual production time is about th
12、ree hundred day,it will produces nearly one hundred and fifty thousand tons of green ore yearly and nearly eighty hundred and one thousand wastewater yearly. The wastewater treatment methods of multi-metal ore is more difficulty than the single ore.If the heavy metals and the mineral processing reag
13、ents can not reach the degree of purification,it will make a serious affect in heavy metal separation and recovery.In this dissertation, the dressing wastewater is from Baoshan lead-zinc plant.Basing on the industry production procedures, the text mainly carried out the following works: The analysis
14、 and the check of the wastewater; Wastewater natural degradation test; The influence of heavy metal ions and residue mineral processing reagents to lead -zinc flotation; Wastewater treatment test; Wastewater reuse test. Finally, the dressing wastewater successfully reused and realized the zero disch
15、arge.The results of the analysis and the check of the wastewater show that: The dressing wastewater pH 12, high suspended solids and difficult to settlement,CODcr reach 210 mg/l, Pb2+content reaches 6.21 mg/l.The results of wastewater natural degradation test show that: Through 24 hours of natural d
16、egradation, wastewater pH value almost unchanged,The removal rate of SS, CODcr, Pb2+ achieved50%, 25.6%, 43.6% respectively. Water quality can not reach the emissions standards. The results of the influence of heavy metal ions and residue mineral processing reagents to lead -zinc flotation show that
17、:It have a great influence to the lead-zinc flotation.the concentrate and the recovery of lead, the concentrate and the recovery of zinc declined dramatically.The wastewater treatment test included the following jobs:Coagulation,Activated Charcoal adsorption,Oxidation.The coagulation test identified
18、 DA-1 was the best coagulant , best dosage was 60mg/l.After the coagulation,the Pb2+content dropped from 6.21mg/l to 1.15mg/l.The CODcr dropped from 210mg/l to 105mg/l,SS and sulfide reached the emissions standards. The adsorption test identified the dosage of activated charcoal was 150mg/l, the bes
19、t adsorption time was 30 min. After adsorption,the Pb2+content dropped from 1.15mg/l to 0.95mg/l, the CODcr dropped from 106mg/l to 77mg/l,The oxidation test identified the ClO2,was the best oxidant and the dosage was 40mg/l. after the oxidation the CODcr mg/l less than 50mg/l.The results of wastewa
20、ter reuse test show that:Adopted the following process to dispose the dressing wastewater”regulation pH-coagulation -Absorption-ClO2 oxidation-Clarification-Reuse the flotation index is nearly the same with that of fresh water.The indexes of the treatment-water were followed as: Lead content in lead
21、 concentrate is 55.78% , zinc content in lead concentrate is 2.17%, the lead recovery is 95.22%. Zinc content in zinc concentrate is 55.26% , lead content in zinc concentrate is 0.68%,the zinc recovery is 95.44%.The indexes of the fresh water were followed as: Lead content in lead concentrate is 56.
22、75% , zinc content in lead concentrate is 1.89%, the lead recovery is 95.71%. Zinc content in zinc concentrate is 55.08%, lead content in zinc concentrate is 0.64%, the zinc recovery is 96.00%.Test will provide the technical reference for realizing the nonferrous metal mining waste- water zero emiss
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