大豆幼苗期耐盐碱性的鉴定与关联分析硕士学位论文.doc
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1、 硕士学位论文大豆幼苗期耐盐碱性的鉴定与关联分析指导教师 专业名称 作物遗传育种 研究方向 大豆耐逆遗传与生物统计 答辩日期 Evaluation and association mapping for soybean salt- alkaline tolerance at seeding stageByZhang WenjieThe Thesis Submitted toNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing P.R.ChinaIn Partial Fulfillment of the RequirementsforThe Master DegreeSu
2、pervisedByProf. Zhang Yuan-MingCompleted in June 2012原 创 性 声 明本人郑重声明:所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外,本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。学位论文作者(需亲笔)签名: 年 月 日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版,允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人
3、授权南京农业大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索,可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文。保密,在 年解密后适用本授权书。本学位论文属于不保密。(请在以上方框内打“”)学位论文作者(需亲笔)签名: 年 月 日导师(需亲笔)签名: 年 月 日目 录摘 要IABSTRACTIII符号说明(英文缩略词)V第一章 文献综述11.盐碱胁迫对大豆生长的影响11.1盐胁迫对大豆生长发育的影响11.2碱胁迫对大豆生长发育的影响12大豆耐盐、碱性鉴定及大豆种质资源耐盐、碱性评价22.1大豆耐盐碱性鉴定22.1.1耐盐碱的鉴定方法22.1.1.1田间鉴定22.1.1.2室内鉴定
4、22.1.2大豆盐害鉴定指标32.1.2.1相对盐害指数法32.1.2.2形态伤害评价法32.1.2.3综合指数法42.1.2.4测定钠离子、氯离子浓度法42.2 大豆种质资源耐盐碱性评价53大豆耐盐性遗传、QTL定位和耐盐机理研究进展53.1经典遗传学研究53.1.1单基因控制53.1.2多基因控制63.2大豆耐盐碱QTL定位的研究进展63.2.1大豆耐盐性QTL定位研究进展73.2.2 大豆耐碱性QTL定位研究进展83.3大豆耐盐机理研究进展93.3.1 盐胁迫下盐离子的吸收、外排和转运93.3.2渗透调节机制93.3.3 野生大豆的耐盐机理104 关联分析的研究进展104.1 关联分析的
5、原理104.1.1 连锁不平衡114.1.2 连锁不平衡的度量114.1.3影响连锁不平衡的因素及LD衰减124.2关联分析特点134.3关联分析的方法、步骤与注意事项134.3.1关联分析的方法134.3.2关联分析的步骤154.3.3关联分析需注意的问题164.4关联分析在大豆中的应用175 本研究的目的与研究内容18第二章 试验材料与分析方法211 材料与方法211.1实验材料211.2大豆幼苗期耐盐碱相关性状考察211.3 SSR全基因组扫描211.3.1实验仪器211.3.2 DNA提取211.3.2.1试剂配制211.3.2.2 DNA提取步骤221.3.3 PCR扩增221.3.
6、4 凝胶电泳检测231.3.4.1试剂配制231.3.4.2 凝胶电泳242 数据的分析方法252.1表型数据分析252.2连锁不平衡分析252.3 群体结构分析262.4 关联分析26第三章 结果与分析291大豆幼苗期耐盐碱相关性状的表型特征、方差及相关分析291.1大豆幼苗期耐盐碱相关性状的表型特征分析291.2方差分析311.3相关和偏相关分析331.4 连锁不平衡分析332 大豆幼苗期耐盐碱性鉴定353、盐碱指数的定位结果383.1主根长耐盐、碱指数结果383.2根鲜重耐盐、碱指数结果383.3根干重耐盐、碱指数结果393.4下胚轴长耐盐、碱指数结果393.5幼苗生物量耐盐、碱指数结果
7、434原始表型性状的定位结果434.1主根长定位结果444.2下胚轴长定位结果444.3根干重定位结果454.4根鲜重定位结果484.5优异等位基因的挖掘48第四章 讨论511.与前人耐盐、碱性QTL定位结果的比较512.相关分析与QTL成簇现象523.与拟南芥耐盐、碱基因的比较544.与现有大豆耐盐、碱基因的比较555.指数与原始性状定位结果的比较586方法间的比较63第五章全文结论及创新点651全文结论652 创新点66参考文献67附 表79致 谢81攻读硕士期间发表的学术论文82大豆幼苗期耐盐碱性的鉴定与关联分析摘 要土壤盐碱化是世界范围内影响农作物生产的主要非生物胁迫因子,同时也是降低
8、作物产量的主要因子。全世界大概有20%的农业灌溉用地受到盐碱的影响。近年来,由于不合理农业灌溉进一步加重了耕地盐碱化。为保持大豆在盐碱化土壤环境的持续生产,培育新品种是一种有效途径。然而,其先决条件是解析大豆耐盐碱性的遗传机制。大豆耐盐碱性遗传研究主要是利用双亲分离群体,其结果对作物育种贡献有限。为克服这一缺陷,利用品种资源群体进行关联分析是一种有效的方式。为此,本研究以分层随机抽样方法抽取的257份大豆品种为研究材料,在大豆幼苗期分别以浓度为100 mM的NaCl溶液和10 mM的Na2CO3溶液作为盐、碱处理液,以蒸馏水处理作为对照,大豆幼苗期主根长、下胚轴长、根鲜重、根干重和幼苗生物量的
9、表型值以及各性状的耐盐、碱指数为指标,鉴定各大豆品种的耐盐碱性;利用135个SSR标记扫描该品种群体获得分子标记数据,通过上位性关联分析方法(EAM)和两种改进的压缩混合线性模型方法(ECMLMA和ECMLM)进行大豆耐盐碱性的关联分析;利用关联分析结果,发掘优异等位基因与载体品种,并实施设计育种。其主要结果如下:1、以大豆幼苗期根鲜重耐盐和耐碱指数为指标,鉴定出两年表现基本一致、重复性好的耐盐品种2个:枫紫田岸豆和白秋1号;鉴定出耐碱品种8个:临安八月白、嵊县田埂豆、遵义棕子豆、北川乌眼窝、枫紫田岸豆、广西大粒豆、合豆6号和冀豆13。枫紫田岸豆既耐盐又耐碱。2、以耐盐碱指数为指标,通过ECM
10、LM方法检测到129个QTLs,其中主根长、根鲜重、根干重、下胚轴长和幼苗生物量分别有35、24、19、33和18个;通过EAM方法共检测到154个QTLs,其中主根长、根鲜重、根干重、下胚轴长和幼苗生物量分别有28、31、22、33和40个。两种方法共同检测到30个QTLs,以QTL环境互作为主,贡献率为0.68%-9.38%。以原始观测值为指标,通过ECMLMA、ECMLM和EAM方法共同检测到20个QTLs,其中主根长、下胚轴长、根干重和根鲜重分别有6、10、1和 3个。上述两种结果间既有相同的QTL,又有一定的互补性。本研究获得的大豆耐盐碱性部分关联标记与拟南芥耐盐基因的大豆同源基因连
11、锁,例如satt453、satt656、satt411、satt687、satt256、satt413、sat_153、satt672和satt102。3、利用关联分析结果,估计各QTL的等位基因效应,挖掘优异等位基因与载体品种,例如,主根长耐盐与耐碱指数减效最大的等位变异分别为353 bp(sat_256)和401 bp(sat_344),其载体品种分别为德兴老鼠牙和徐豆10号。发现白秋1号和北川乌眼窝均携带耐盐、耐碱的优异等位变异,具有育种利用价值。关键词:大豆;耐盐碱性;抗性鉴定;关联分析;优异等位基因EVALUATION AND ASSOCIATION MAPPING FOR SOYB
12、EAN SALT-ALKALINE TOLERANCE AT SEEDING STAGEABSTRACTSoil salinization is an important abiotic stress for crop production worldwide, and seriously reduced crop yield as well. About 20% of the agricultural irrigation land was affected by salt and alkaline. In recent years, soil salinization is more an
13、d more serious owing to unsuitable irrigation. To maintain a sustainable production of soybean in a salt stress environment, developing alkaline-salt tolerant cultivars is an efficient way. However, the prerequisite for the breeding is to elucidate genetic mechanism of the tolerance.Previous studies
14、 on soybean alkaline-salt tolerance focus on bi-parental segregation populations, and its results have a limited role in crop breeding. To overcome the shortcoming, an alternative approach is to conduct genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in in soybean cultivar resource. In this study, therefore,
15、 257 soybean cultivars randomly selected from China, along with 135 SSR marker information, were used to carry out GWAS for the tolerance using enriched compression mixed linear model (ECMLM) and epistatic association mapping (EAM) approaches. Evaluation of soybean alkaline-salt tolerance was carrie
16、d out based on length of main root (LR), fresh and dry weights of roots (FWR and DWR), biomass of seedlings (BS) and length of hypocotyls (LH) for healthy seedlings after treatments with control, 100 mM NaCl and 10 mM Na2CO3 for about one week under greenhouse conditions. Using results from GWAS, ge
17、netic effects of all the alleles for each locus were estimated so that elite allele and its cultivar could be found and breeding by design could be performed. The main results were asd follows.First, using FWR index at seedling stage, two cultivars (Zifengtianandou and BaiqiuNo.1) have a stable sali
18、ne tolerant performance, and eight cultivars (Linanbayuebai, Shengxiantiangengdou, Zunyizongzidou, Beichuanwuyanwo, Zifengtianandou, Guangxi- dalidou, Hedou No.6 and Jidou No.13) have a stable alkaline tolerant performance in 2009 and 2010. Note that Zifengtianandou has the above two performances si
19、multaneously.Second, with alkaline-salt tolerant indices, a total of 129 main-effect QTL: 35 for LR, 24 for FWR, 19 for DWR, 33 for LH and 18 for BS, were detected by the ECMLM method, whereas a total of 154 QTL: 19 for LR, 27 for FWR, 18 for DWR, 26 for LH and 32 for BS, were identified by the EAM.
20、 It should be noted that there are 30 common QTL with the heritabilities of 0.68%-9.38%, which are mainly QTL-by-environment interaction. With original observations for the alkaline-salt tolerance, 20 common QTL: 6 for LR, 10 for LH, 1 for DWR and 3 for FWR, were identified by ECMLMA, ECMLM and EAM
21、approaches. Some same QTL were observed between the above two kinds of results.More importantly, some alkaline-salt tolerance genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and soybean are found to be around the tolerance-associated markers in this study, i.e., satt453, of satt656, satt411, satt687 satt256, satt413
22、sat_153, satt672, and satt102.Finally, the above results from GWAS were used to estimate allelic effects so that novel allele and its cultivar could be mined, for example, elite alleles for LR alkaline-salt tolerance indices were 353 bp (sat_256) and 401 bp (sat_344) and their corresponding cultivar
23、s were Dexinlaoshuya and Xudou No. 10. Note that BaiqiuNo.1 and Beichuanwuyanwo have the tolerance to salt and alkaline stresses simultaneously, which are of use in soybean breeding.KEY WORDS: soybean; tolerance to alkaline-salt stresses; resistance measurement; genome-wide association study; novel
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