夏热冬冷地区人体热舒适的气候适应模型研究硕士学位论文.doc
《夏热冬冷地区人体热舒适的气候适应模型研究硕士学位论文.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《夏热冬冷地区人体热舒适的气候适应模型研究硕士学位论文.doc(140页珍藏版)》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、夏热冬冷地区人体热舒适的气候适应模型研究摘 要室内舒适温度的设定标准直接影响着人体的热舒适与建筑设备能耗。以实测研究为基础的适应性热舒适理论认为:人们在实际环境中的热感觉受着过去的热经历、文化背景、建筑特性、室内外气候等诸多因素的影响,室内舒适温度与室外平均温度显著相关。因此,从适应性的观点来看,传统上的空调系统设计过程中,室内设定温度为一固定点,且没有考虑人的主动控制调节能力是不恰当的。适应性热舒适理论充分考虑人们对其生活环境的主动调控能力,允许舒适温度在一定范围内随室外温度的变化而变化,迎合了人们喜欢变化的自然环境的心理。因此,确立一个与当地室外气候、建筑特性、文化背景、生活习惯等因素相适
2、应的室内舒适温度设计指标,既可以积极地改善室内的热舒适度,又能够显著地降低建筑设备能耗。我国夏热冬冷地区夏季炎热、冬季寒冷。其冬夏季节气候特征虽然没有寒冷地区及夏热冬暖地区气候恶劣,但是由于其建筑围护结构的保温隔热性能差,自然通风室内热环境状况较差。而这一地区又不在采暖区范围之内,大部分地区都没有集中采暖,随着人们生活水平的提高,对室内舒适度的要求也在不断提高,人们自行采取降温与采暖措施,缺乏科学指导,使得夏热冬冷地区空调与采暖能耗正大幅度急剧增加。为了切实改善夏热冬冷地区室内的热环境状况,降低空调与采暖能耗,本文以实测与问卷相结合的方式对夏热冬冷地区室内的热环境状况、主动调节热环境的适宜性措
3、施等做了详细调查,并以ASHRAE的7级热感觉标度记录了居民的热感觉主观反应。借助于统计学分析方法对测试与调查结果进行了统计回归分析,得出如下结论:*本项研究得到国家自然科学基金重大国际合作项目(50410083)及国家青年自然科学基金项目(50408014)的资助。1.夏热冬冷地区居民对室内热环境的适应性调节措施为:夏季主要为开窗通风、使用电风扇、空调等设备以及减少着衣量,而冬季的主要控制措施为增加衣服的数量及厚度,从而加大衣服的热阻;改变着衣量是适应温度变化的主要调节措施,夏热冬冷地区夏季居民室内着装的平均热阻为0.28clo,冬季为1.41clo,着衣量的季节性特点显著。2. 在实际的生
4、活环境条件下,夏热冬冷地区居住建筑冬季室内的热中性温度为13.6,期望温度为14.5,80%人群可接受的舒适温度区域为11.2-16.8,而夏季的中性温度为27.3,期望温度为26.7,80%可接受的舒适温度范围为24.2-29.8。期望温度总是偏向于其中性点的这一侧或那一侧,夏季的期望温度低于中性温度0.9,而冬季的期望温度又比中性温度高0.6;3.热中性温度总是与室内平均温度相接近,而室内温度又通过围护结构受着室外气候的影响,因此,舒适温度不是一个固定不变的值,而是随着室外气候(主要是温度变量)的变化而不断变化的,并且与室外平均空气温度之间存在着一种相互适应的函数关系,并据此建立了夏热冬冷
5、地区人体热舒适的适应性模型: (R=0.8295)其中,Tn-热中性温度,;to-室外平均空气温度,;确立夏热冬冷地区适应性热舒适温度设计标准是改善居住建筑室内热环境状况,降低建筑能耗,发展可持续建筑的迫切需要。利用舒适温度与室外气候的相关性分析,可以帮助建筑设计者判断利用被动式设计策略获得室内热舒适的可能性。以热舒适适应性模型为基础确立的采暖与空调室内热环境设计温度指标具有很大的节能潜力,在获得最佳舒适状态的同时又实现了建筑节能。关键词:夏热冬冷地区居住建筑人体热舒适 气候适应模型 建筑节能 An adaptive thermal comfort model for hot summer a
6、nd cold winter context Major: Architectural Technology and ScienceMaster Candidate: Junge Li Supervisor: Prof. Jiaping Liu Associate Prof. Liu YangABSTRACTThe comfort temperature setpoint directly affected indoor thermal comfort and the energy consumption. The adaptive approach to modeling thermal c
7、omfort acknowledges that thermal perception in real world settings is influenced by the complexities of past thermal history, cultural context, nature of buildings and outdoor climate. And comfort temperature is more closely track patterms in outdoor climate. At the viewpoint of adaptive thermal com
8、fort, in designing of air-conditioning systems, the conventional fixed temperature setpoint concept is not appropriates, which ignores the potential of control over indoor environment. The adaptive thermal comfort theory allows people greater control over their own indoor environment and indoor temp
9、erature to more closely track patterms in outdoor climate and meet the natural tendency to care for the changing nature. So the application of the adaptive approach to the thermal comfort standards can have potentially signigicant and positive impacts on both improving comfort and reducing energy co
10、nsumption. In hot summer and cold winter climatic zone, the thermal environment is poor in the free-running buildings, and people take measures to heat and cool with freedom. Due to the lack of guidance, the energy consumption in heating and cooling is largely increasing. In order to improve the ind
11、oor thermal conditions and reduce the energy consumption, a large-scale field survey has been conducted in NanYang in the hot summer and cold winter zone. The indoor environmental conditions was measured and the subjective questionairs has been done, and a seven-point thermal sensation scale was use
12、d to evaluate thermal sensation. The statistical method was used to analyse the data and the conclusions are as follows:1. The population in the hot summer and cold winter region could take some measures to reduce the degree of discomfort and have a large potential of adaptation to climate. In natur
13、ally ventilated buildings, control over indoor thermal conditions can be obtained by using commonly available controls such as openable windows, fans and air-condition. Clothing is an important factor in achieving comfort at different temperatures. The mean clothing value was observed to be 0.28clo
14、in summer and 1.41clo in winter respectively. The Clo value varies with the outdoor climate. 2. In real world settings, it is found that the neutral temperature is 13.6,the preferred temperature is 14.5 and the temperature of the 80% comfort zone is from 11.2 to 16.8 in winter, and in summer the neu
15、tral temperature is 27.3,the preferred temperature is 26.7 and the temperature of the 80% comfort zone is from 24.2 to 29.8. The preferred temperature was lower 0.6 than the neutral temperature in the summer and higher 0.9 in the winter season. 3. The neutral temperature is close to the mean indoor
16、air temperature in the field study; the comfort temperature is not a fix value but varies with the outdoor climate (especially air temperature ) and it is correlated to the mean outdoor temperature. The adaptive thermal comfort model of residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter context is
17、established based on the correlation between the neutral temperature and the mean outdoor air temperature: (R=0.8295)The variable temperature standard based on the adaptive model does not increase discomfort and allows significant reductions in energy consumption in buildings. It is necessary for ad
18、aptive comfort temperature to improve the indoor thermal conditions and reduce energy consumption. According to the relationship between comfort temperature and the outdoor temperature can be used to help design comfortable and sustainable building, help the designer to juge whether passive heating
19、and/or cooling are a possibility in the climate under consideration. Keywords: Hot summer and cold winter region; Residential buildings; Thermal comfort; Adaptive thermal comfort model; Energy saving.*This research has been funded by young scholar fund (50408014) and international cooperation projec
20、t (50410083) of National Natural Science Foundation of China.目 录1. 绪论11.1人体热舒适的国内外研究背景11.1.1人体热舒适性研究的发展历程11.1.2主要研究成果21.1.3存在的问题及研究方向41.2本课题研究的目的及意义51.3本课题的主要工作72.人体与环境的热交换92.1人体与环境的能量平衡92.1.1 稳态能量平衡模型92.1.2 二维节点瞬态能量平衡模型102.2人体与环境之间的换热计算112.2.1体内新陈代谢产热112.2.2人体散热途径122.3人体对热应力的反应34172.3.1生理反应172.3.2感
21、觉反应192.4小结203.人体热舒适性的研究基础213.1 人体热舒适性的主要影响因素及测量方法213.1.1物理因素213.1.2 个人因素223.1.3 其它因素的影响233.2室内热环境的综合评价指标243.3预测热感觉指标和热舒适性253.3.1人体舒适性方程253.3.2预测平均投票指标(PMV)和预测不满意率(PPD)263.3.3热感觉与热舒适293.3.4人体热舒适的适应性机理303.4小结344.实验测试与数据统计分析354.1夏热冬冷地区概况354.1.1 夏热冬冷地区地域范围与气候特征354.1.2 夏热冬冷地区建筑热环境与能耗状况354.2 测试方案的确定及调查问卷的
22、设计374.2.1验室研究与现场测试研究方法的对比374.2.2测试方案的确定384.2.3 调查问卷的设计394.3夏季测试调查结果统计分析394.3.1测试建筑与设备概况的数据统计分析394.3.2室内热环境的主观反应及控制调节措施调查统计分析424.3.3被测试人员背景资料及环境参数的统计归纳454.4冬季测试调查结果统计分析494.4.1冬季基本测试背景资料统计分析494.4.2室内热环境的实测分析504.5 小结525.人体热舒适适应性分析535.1夏季人体的热舒适性适应性分析535.1.1夏季居民对室内热环境的行为调节适应性分析535.1.2夏季热中性温度、热期望温度及热接受能力分
23、析575.1.3夏季实测热舒适性分析结果小结635.2冬季实测人体热舒适的适应性分析645.2.1影响人体热舒适的各实测变量间的相关性分析645.2.2冬季热中性温度、热期望温度及热接受能力分析665.2.3冬季实测热舒适分析结果小结705.3夏热冬冷地区人体热舒适气候适应性模型的建立705.3.1热舒适适应性分析方法705.3.2夏热冬冷地区适应性热舒适模型的建立725.3.3热舒适适应性标准在建筑与设备设计中的应用795.3.4 适应性热舒适模型节能潜力分析845.4小结866. 结 论87致 谢89参考文献90附录A:人体热感觉调查问卷94附录B: 硕士研究生学习阶段发表的主要论文和参与
24、的研究项目1341. 绪论1.1人体热舒适的国内外研究背景1.1.1人体热舒适性研究的发展历程热舒适问题是建筑科学领域中最早研究的课题之一。早在1733年,阿巴斯诺特便指出空气的流动具有驱散身体周围热湿空气的降温效应。关于辐射效应问题,特雷德戈尔德在1824年提出:当人置身于辐射源中时,为使人体的舒适程度保持不变,则需要较低的空气温度。19世纪初,人们认识到空气过于干燥或过度潮湿都是不可取的。1913年,希尔提出头宜凉、脚宜热、辐射热与气流应有变化、相对湿度要适中的人体舒适标准的建议1。因空调工业的迅速发展急需有关舒适标准的资料,特别是空气温度和湿度的相互作用对热感觉影响的资料,1919年,美
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 夏热冬冷 地区 人体 舒适 气候 适应 模型 研究 硕士学位 论文

链接地址:https://www.31ppt.com/p-4022684.html