[经济学]金融市场与金融机构-第六章课件.ppt
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1、Chapter Six,THE THEORY OF EFFICIENT CAPITAL MARKETS,Part II Principles of Financial Markets,Chapter Outline,Theory of Rational ExpectationsEfficient Markets Theory,Theory of Rational Expectations,Example:Suppose that when Joe travels when it is not rush hour,it takes average of 30 minutes for his tr
2、ip to work.Sometimes it takes him 35 minutes,other times 25 minutes,but the average not-rush-hour driving time is 30 minutes.If,however Joe leaves for wok during the rush hour,it takes him,on average,an additional 10minutes to wok.Given that his expectation are rational,what should Joe expect his dr
3、iving time to be?,Theory of Rational Expectations,Rational expectation(RE)=expectation that is optimal forecast(best prediction of future)using all available information:i.e.,RE Xe=Xof,Rational expectation,although optimal prediction,may not be accurate,2 reasons expectation may not be rational 1.No
4、t best prediction2.Not use available information,Implications:1.Change in way variable moves,way expectations formed changes2.Forecast errors on average=0 and are not predictable,Theory of Rational Expectations,Rational expectations makes sense because is costly not to have optimal forecast,Efficien
5、t Market Hypothesis:Rational Expectations Applied to Financial Markets,Efficient Markets HypothesisWhen financial markets are in equilibrium,prices of financial instruments reflect all readily available information,Expectations in the financial markets are equal to optimal forecasts using all availa
6、ble information,Efficient Markets Theory,Efficient Markets Theory,Rational Expectations implies:Pet+1=Poft+1 RETe=RETof(1)Market equilibriumRETe=RET*(2)Put(1)and(2)together:Efficient Markets Theory RETof=RET*,Efficient Markets Theory,Current prices in a financial market will be set so that the optim
7、al forecast of a securitys return using all available information equals the securitys equilibrium return.A securitys price fully reflects all available information in an efficient market.,Why Efficient Markets Theory makes senseIf RETof RET*Pt,RETof If RETof RET*Pt,RETof until RETof=RET*1.All unexp
8、loited profit opportunities eliminated2.Efficient Markets holds even if are uninformed,irrational participants in market,Efficient Markets Theory,Efficient Market Hypothesis,Stronger Version of Efficient Market HypothesisTheory that prices of all financial instruments:Reflect optimal forecast of fin
9、ancial instrument Reflect true fundamental value of the instrument,Efficient Market Hypothesis:Rational Expectations Applied to Financial Markets,Market FundamentalsFactors have direct effect on future income streams of instruments,including:Value of the assets Expected income streams of those asset
10、s on which financial instruments represent claims,Evidence on Efficient Markets Theory,Favorable Evidence1.Investment analysts and mutual funds dont beat the market2.Stock prices reflect publicly available info:anticipated announcements dont affect stock price3.Stock prices and exchange rates close
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