学而思新概念语法整理.doc

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1、语法一:人称代词 人称 代词第一人称第二人称第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 人称代词主格I weyou you heshe itthey宾格me us youyouhimher itthem句型转化（Be动词做谓语）肯定句：主语+be动词否定句：主语+be动词+not一般疑问句：be动词+主语?物主代词I weyou you heshe ittheymyouryouryourhisheritstheir特殊疑问句：What colour is? Its red.What nationality are you? Im Chinese. Where are you from? Im

2、 from China.Where do you come from? I come from China.Whose bag is it? Its my bag. Whats your job? Im a mechanic.Whats the weather like？ Its sunny/rainy/snowy/cloudy.Whats the climate like? Its pleasant/warm/wet/dry. 语法二：一、不可数名词定义：“抽刀断水水更流”（难以分开的一个整体，不可分割的事物）。特点：1、前面无a/an，后无s；2、表达复数用量词修饰，量词可数；Eg. Mi

3、lk-a bottle of milk-two bottles ofmilkSoap-abar of soap-three bars of soap二、some和any用法相同点：表示一些，后面都可加可数名词复数或不可数名词不同点：some常用在肯定句，但是在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定回答时，多用some而不用any；any用在否定句和疑问句。三、指代用法One指代可数名词单数Ones指代可数名词复数Any可指代可数名词复数或不可数名词四、句型1、Do you like？Yes, I do.Yes, I do. But I dont wantNo, I dont.2、Do

4、you want?Yes, please.No,thank you / thanks. I dont like.五.名词复数特殊变化规则：可数名词的不规则复数变化woman-women, man-men, tooth-teeth,deer-deer, child-children, fish-fish, foot-feet,goose-geese, sheep-sheep, ox-oxen 国人变化：中日两瑞永不变, 英法荷兰A变E,其他国人S加后边.Japanese -Japanes；Englishman-Englishmen ； ChineseChinese；GermanGermans ；

5、 AmericanAmericans语法三一、介词in 在.里on 在.上under 在.下面beside 在.旁边between 在两者中间among 三者或以上中间over 在.上（无接触面的垂直上方；从一端到另一端）above 在.上（无接触面的上方，不一定垂直）across 横穿、穿过（强调从表面越过）through 穿过（强调从中间穿过） along 沿着二、There be句型与have got句型1.There be句型：定义：某地(或某时)存在有某人(或某物)。句型结构：肯定句：There is+ 单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点 There are+复数可数名词+地点 否定句（

6、be动词后加not）： There is not+单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点 There are not+复数可数名词+地点疑问句（be动词提前）： Is there +单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点？ Are there +复数可数名词+地点？特点：“就近原则2.have got句型：定义：它表示某物归某人（某物）所有，是一种所属关系。句型结构：否定句：在have或has后加not,缩写为havent或hasnt. 疑问句：把have或has提前特点：主语为第三人称单数时，have要变成has。语法三：小升初小练兵1.There is a bridge _ the river. A. o

7、ver B. on C. above D. below 2.They spent about ten days to go _the big desert（沙漠）. A.across B. through C. over D. along3.用there be或have got填空：1) I_ a good father and a good mother.2) _ any books in the bookcase?3) _ a picture and a clock on the wall.4) She _ some dresses.5) What does Mike _?语法四一般现在时

8、一般现在时用法（1）表示经常性，习惯性,永久性的动作。 often 经常，usually通常，always 总是，everyday每天，sometimes 有时（2）表示事物的状态或特征 There is a scar on his forehead.（3）表示客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，等客观事实或格言，谚语等。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.注：只有在第三人称单数时用动词的“三单变化”，其他用动词的原形。动词变为第三人称单数形式的变化规则：1.多数在动词后s （1）直接在动词词尾加-s. play pla

9、ys like likes stay-stays ask-asks work-works get-gets （2）以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es. watch-watches wish-wishes fix-fixes do-does go-goes pass-passes（3）以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es. try-tries study-studies cry-cries fly-flies2.不规则变化： be- is have-has一般现在时的句子转换：陈述句（肯定句）：主语加动词原形/动词第三人称单数； ( 主语 +

10、do/does.)一般疑问句：在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数), does（单数she, he, it）变成问句； （Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形.）否定句：在主语后谓语动词前加助动词dont（I, you,以及复数), doesnt（单数she, he, it）变成否定句，助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。 （主语 + dont/doesnt + 动词原形.）例：肯定句: I like grapes.否定句: I dont like grapes. 一般疑问句: Do you like grapes? 肯定句：She gets up early every morning.否

11、定句She doesnt get up early every morning.一般疑问句Does she get up early every morning?语法五 现在进行时态一、现在进行时态的含义 表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。二、现在进行时各种句式的结构肯定句： 主语 + am/is/are + V.ing E.g.We are having a class. He is painting. She is playing.否定句： 主语 + am/is/are + V.ing E.g.We are not having a clas

12、s. He is not painting. She is not playing.疑问句： Am/Is/Are + 主语 + V.ing E.g.Are you having a class？ Is he painting？ Is she playing？三、动词变化规则（1）“直” ： 一般情况下，直接加ing， 如：do-doing， cook-cooking， stand-standing （2） “去” ：以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing， 如：come-coming，dance-dancing（3） “双” ：重读闭音节，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ing， 如：run-running

13、, stop-stopping swim-swimming, forget-forgetting 双写规则：1、重读在词尾； 2、闭音节（短音节）； 3、单辅音字母（在一般情况下，如果某一单词是以一个辅音字母结尾，而这个辅音的前面是读长元音或双元音，就不能双写这个辅音字母。如read-reading, think-thinking等。）（4）“ 改”： 改ie为y，加ing 如： die-dying lie-lying 语法五 小升初小练笔一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play_ run_ swim_ make_ go_ like_write_ ski_ read_ have_ sing_ da

14、nce_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen ！Some girls _( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look ！They _( have) an English lesson .三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)_2The students are cleaning the class

15、room . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_ _语法六：一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：last year, yesterday等；也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。注意：发生在过去时间的动作，并已经结束。 am/is-was一、be 动词 arewere1、句式结构：肯定句：主语 + was/were + We were very tired yesterday.我们昨天很累。否定句：主语 + wasnt/werent + I wasnt at home yesterday.我昨天

16、不在家。一般疑问句：-Was/were + 主语 +? -Yes,主语 + was/were. -No, 主语 + wasnt/werent.2、般现在时与一般过去时的比较（例子见下表)： 一般现在时every- 一般过去时yesterday She goes to school everyday,But yesterday morning she went shopping.She plays football every afternoon,But yesterday afternoon she played basketball.She chats with(和。聊天) her frie

17、nds every evening on line,But yesterday evening she chatted with her friends on email.二、行为动词1、句子构成。肯定句： 主语 + 动词的过去式 +. I went to the zoo yesterday. 我昨天去公园了。否定句： 主语 + did not (didnt) + 动词原形 + . I didnt go to school yesterday. 我昨天没去上学。一般疑问句：-Did + 主语 动词原形 .？ -Yes, 主语 + did. -No, 主语 + did not(didnt) -D

18、id you buy a book last Monday? -Yes, I did. -No, I didnt. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + .？ 1) -What did you do last night? -I did my homework. 2) -When did you go to the zoo? -I went to the zoo yesterday. 2、动词过去式变形 ：1） “直”一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。 如：look-looked; work-worked; play-played2） “去 ”以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，

19、去e再加-ed。 如：live-lived; move-moved 3）“双”末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。 如：stop-stopped; drop-dropped4）“改”末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。 如：study-studied; carry-carried5）“特“ 不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。 am/iswas arewere have/hashad do/doesdid cancould willwould shallshould swimswam singsang ringrang sitsat comecam

20、e givegave runran drinkdrank becomebecame beginbegan buybought bringbroughtcatchcaught thinkthought teachtaught sendsent buildbuilt gowent spendspent loselost lendlent meanmenat sweepswept feelfelt learnlearnt/learned smellsmelt sleepslept putput cutcut hithit readread hurthurt letlet beatbeatcostco

21、st writewrote riderode riserose winwon drivedrove speakspoke getgot forgetforgot choosechose sellsold wakewoke breakbroke3、标志词 yesterday系列yesterday morning; yesterday afternoon; yesterday eveningago 系列a minute ago; an hour ago; a day ago; a week ago; a month ago; year ago; two days ago; six years ag

22、othis 系列this month; this weeklast 系列last month; last yearthe.before lastthe week before last; the month before last语法六小升初练习题一、请用正确动词形式填空。 1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _. 3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(watch) TV and _

23、(read) an interesting book. 4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning. 5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. 二、改写句子：1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）Lucy _ _ her homework at home.2、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句)_ he _ _ meat in the fridge?3、She stayed there for a

24、week.（对划线部分提问）_ _ _ she _ there?4、There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句)_ there _ orange in the cup?语法七一般将来时1.will 含义：将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。肯定句：主语 + will + 动词原形 It will rain.否定句：主语 + will not (wont) + 动词原形 He wont be late for school.一般疑问句：Will + 主语 + 动词原形？ -Will it snow in GZ? -Yes, it w

25、ill. -No, it will not (wont).2. be going to含义：近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事，意为“打算，将要做某事。肯定句：主语 + be going to + 动词原形 I am going to travel. He/She is going to travel. We/They/You are going to travel.否定句：主语 + be not going to + 动词原形 I am not going to travel. He/She is not going to travel. We/They/You a

26、re not going to travel.一般疑问句：Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形? Are you going to travel? Is he/she going to travel? Are we/they/you going to travel?3、时间标志词tomorrow; tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening; next year/week/month/hour ; this afternoon/Sunday/evening ; in the future; in + 一段时间时态小口诀:英语动作有四种：经常做，正在做，将

27、要做和过去做。经常做用动原或三单，遇到他她它单个做改三单；要借do或does变问否，后面动词用原型。正在做用be+动词ing ，两个朋友不分离,be 用am,is ,are来代替。将要做有两种：用will（shall）加动原或be going to 加动原。过去做，很简单，对照经常做动词变成过去式,要借did变问否,后面动词用原型.语法八：（请您记住以下新概念英语一册144课的所固定搭配短语）I beg your pardon 请您在重复（说）一遍Nice to meet you（too） （我也）很高兴见到你Look at 看How do you do 你好Be careful 小心A lo

28、af ofbread 一块面包A bar of soap/chocolate 一块香皂/巧克力A bottle of 一瓶.A pound of 一磅.Half a pound of 半磅.A quarter of 四分之一.A tin of 一听.Hurry up！ 快点！Next door 隔壁Black coffee 不加牛奶的咖啡White coffee 加牛奶的咖啡Come home from school 放学回家Come home from work 下班回家In the morning 早上In the afternoon 下午In the evening 晚上At noon

29、中午At night 夜里At the moment 此刻Whats the time? 几点钟？Come upstairs 上楼Come downstairs 下楼Hundreds of 数以百计的On the way home 在回家的途中This morning 今天早晨This afternoon 今天下午This evening 今天晚上tonight 今天夜里Yesterday morning 昨天早晨Yesterday afternoon 昨天下午Yesterday evening 昨天晚上Last night 昨天夜里The day before yesterday in th

30、e morning 前天早晨The day before yesterday in the afternoon 前天下午The day before yesterday in the evening 前天晚上The night before last 前天夜间A low mark 分数很底A high mark 分数很高She said to herself 她心中暗想The way to 到的走法In fashion 流行的，时髦的Im afraid 我恐怕Im sure 我确信，我肯定A lot of 许多（用于肯定句）At all 丝毫、更本、一点也不Going on holiday 度假Have been to 到过All the time 一直，始终Have been to 到过Drive into 撞倒For sale 供出售、出售Have the last word 最后决定、最后才算The R.A.F. 英国皇家空军Return ticket 往返票Next door to 与相邻，在隔壁In five hourstime 在五小时之后。Go back 返回The othe day 几天前Fell downstairs 从楼上摔下来The Y.H.A. 青年招待所协会Cheer up