人教版英语八年级下册期中单元知识点总结汇总.doc

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1、Unit 1. whats the matter?一重点短语归纳1. have a fever 发烧2. lie down and rest 躺下来休息3. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶4. see a dentist 看牙医5. get an X-ray 拍X 光片6. take one s temperature 量体温7. sound like 听起来像8. in the same way 以同样的方式9. without thinking twice 没有多想10. have a heart problem 有心脏病11. to one s surprise 使.

2、 惊讶的12. thanks to 多亏了 ；由于13. in time 及时14. save a life 挽救生命15. get into trouble 造成麻烦16. right away 立刻；马上17. because of 由于18. fa ll down 摔倒19. mountain climbing 登山运动20. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事21. run out (of) 用完;用尽22. so that 以便23. be in control of 掌管;管理24. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事25. make a d

3、ecision 做出决定26. take risks 冒险27. give up 放弃二重点句子1.Whats the matter ? 是用来询问对方出了什么毛病或问题，意为“怎么了？”。 Whats the mater with you ?你怎么啦？= Whats the trouble with you?=Whats wrong with you?= What happened to you?I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache.三语法知识1.情态动词should的用法should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动

4、词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，意为应该.。should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。否定形式为should not，缩写为shouldnt，句法构成为：主语+should +动词原形.，变一般疑问句把should提前，肯定回答Yes, you should. / 否定回答No, you shouldnt.eg. You should drink hot water with honey.你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水。You shouldnt eat so much next time.下次你不该吃那么多。He should see a dentist and get an

5、 X-ray.他应该去看牙医，并做个X光检查。What should she do? 她该怎么办？She should take her temperature.她应该量体温。Should I put some medicine on it? 我应该在上面敷点药吗？Yes, you should. / No, you shouldnt.是的，你应该。/不，你不应该。2. 反身代词单数复数第一人称myself ourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself herself itself themselveshurt yourself 伤到你自己 think

6、about himself 为他自己着想by oneself 独自四知识点串讲1. have a cold是“感冒，着凉”have a fever是“发烧”，have 表示“生病”， 表示人体某部位“痛”时的几种结构：（1）have a + 身体部位名词后加-ache构成。例如： have a headache 头痛 have a toothache 牙痛 have a stomachache胃痛（2）have a sore + 身体部位名词。例如： have a sore throat 喉咙痛 have a sore arm 胳膊痛 have a sore foot 脚痛（3）身体部位 +

7、hurt。例如：My eyes hurt. 我眼睛痛。（4）have a pain in/ on + the + 身体部位。例如：I have a pain in the arm. 我胳膊痛。（5）There is something wrong with + ones + 身体部位。例如：There is something wrong with your eyes. 你的眼睛有毛病。2.toomany,toomuch与muchtoo1) too many意为“太多”，用于修饰可数名词的复数。如：There are too many students in our class.我们班上有太多

8、的学生。2) too much意为“太多”，用于修饰不可数名词。如：We have too much work to do.我们有太多的工作要做。3) much too表示“太”，用来修饰形容词或副词。如：The box is much too heavy, so I cant carry it.箱子太重了，所以我搬不动它。3.thanks to 与 thanks for 区别thanks to “多亏，由于” to 接感谢的对象。e.g. Thanks to the English teacher，I got good grades.thanks for客套用语，“因而感谢”for 后接v-

9、ing 或名词。e.g. Thanks for taking care of me.4. surprise v.使吃惊surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 (修饰物) surprised adj. 吃惊的 （修饰人）surprise sb 使某人吃惊 The bad news surprised me. be surprised at 对感到吃惊 n. 惊讶to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 e.g. He looked at me in surprise. 他吃惊地望着我。Exercise:_(使我吃惊的是），he got the firs

10、t prize in the exam. We are_ at the_ news. (surprise) _his surprise, she succeeded in climbing up the high mountain. A. At B. To C. In D. On 5.agree v.同意 (反)disagree agreement n.同意 agree with sb 同意某人 e.g. I agree with you. agree to do sth 同意做某事 6. use v.使用useful adj. 有用的 use up 用完 (1) be /get used t

11、o doing sth 习惯于做某事(2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事(3) used to do sth 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做。(4) be used to do sth 被用来做某事 =be used for doing sth e.g. My grandpa is used _ (live) in country.e.g. We use Internet _(find) information.e.g. I used _( get up ) early in the morning.e.g. Stamps is used _(post) le

12、tters.7.（1）with 意为“具有，带有”，表伴随作用。e.g. I want to buy a house with a big garden. (我想买一座带有大花园的房子。) （2）“同.一起，和.一起” Can you go with me?（3）without意为“没有”，后接名词、代词或动词ing形式。e.g. She left _ saying a word.(她没有说一句话就离开了)8. enough (名前形后)adj. 足够的，充分的（在句中作定语或表语）e.g.I dont have enough money with me.adv. 足够；充分（放在形容词；副词

13、后）e.g.The river is deep enough for swimming. ( ) In the old days ,peoples didnt have _ to eat. A. food enough B. enough food C.enough for( ) You are not _ to take part in the match. Please work hard and try to improve yourself.A. good enough B. Enough good C. well enough9. run out“用完”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常

14、为表示“时间、食物、金钱” 等词；而run out of意为“用完；用尽”，是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，主语一般是人，相当于use up。例如：We have run out of paper.我们的纸用完了。Youd better go home before your money runs out. 你最好别等钱花光再回家。We ran out of coal, and had to burn wood. 我们的煤用光了，只好烧柴。Unit 2 Ill help clean the city parks.一重点短语归纳1. clean up 打扫(或清除)干净2. cheer up (使

15、)变得更高兴;振奋3. give out 分发;散发4. come up with 想出；提出5. try out 试用;试行6. put up 建造;举起;张贴7. hand out 分发;散发;发给8. put off 推迟;延迟9. raise money 筹钱;募捐10. take after 与.相像;像11. give away 赠送;捐赠12. fix up 修理;修补;解决13. be similar to 与相似14. used to do 过去常常；曾经15. make a difference to 对有影响 ；有作用16. give up 放弃17. come true

16、 成为现实18. call up 打电话给某人19. set up 建立；设立20. right way 立刻；马上21. take after（外貌或行为）像22. take after 与类似23. be a ble to 能够24. work out 解决；产生结果25. at the age of 在多少岁时二知识点串讲1. put off 推迟由put构成的常用短语有：put away将收起来 put on穿上；上演 put down放下，记下put out熄灭；伸出 put back放回原处 put up举起；张贴；搭建2. fix up修理;修补由up构成的常用短语有：put u

17、p举起；张贴；搭建 pick up 捡起；接电话；去接某人 take up 开始做；开始从事 call up 打电话给某人cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振奋 come up with 相出；提出3. lonely与alone的辨析：（live alone，feel lonely 独自居住，感到孤单）alone可做形容词也可做副词，句中只作表语。强调独自一人，没有陪伴。lonely只做形容词，意为孤独的，寂寞的，带有较强感情色彩。e.g. Dont leave me alone. I will feel lonely. 别留下我一个人，我会觉得孤单的。4. (1) be /get used

18、 to doing sth 习惯于做某事(2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事(3) used to do sth 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做。(4) be used to do sth 被用来做某事 =be used for doing sth 5. make a difference to 意为“（对）产生影响”。difference前面可加修饰词，如big, great等；to是介词，其后可接名词、代词或动名词。例如： Education can make a big difference to the quality of a persons lif

19、e.教育对一个人的生活质量有很大影响。 The accident has made a great difference to his life. 这次事故对他的人生产生了重大影响。 One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘，谬以千里。【拓展】make no difference to意为“对没有影响”。例如： It makes no difference to me. 这对我没什么影响。6. not only but (also) 不但 而且 用来连接两个并列的成分 (1)引导以 not only but (also) 开头的句子往往

20、引起倒装。也就是说要把前面句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如：Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不仅能做到而且做得最好。Not onlybut (also) 连接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则。如：Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。常见的就近原则的结构有： (1)Neither nor即不也不 (两者都不)Neither y

21、ou nor I _him. 我和你都不喜欢他。 (2) Either or 不是就是 (两者中的一个) Either Lily or you _a student. (3)There be句型 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?一重点短语归纳1. go to the movies 去看电影2. get a ride 搭车3. work on 从事4. finish doing sth. 完成做某事5. clean and tidy 干净整洁6. fold your/the clothes 叠衣服7. sweep the floor 扫地8. ma

22、ke your/the bed 整理床铺9. clean the living room 打扫客厅10. no problem 没问题11. throw down 扔下12. come over 过来13.share the housework 分担家务14. in surprise 惊讶地15.hang out 闲逛16.pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人17.lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人18. get sth. wet 使某物弄湿19. invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会20. in order to为了21. mind doing sth.

23、介意做某事22. depend on依赖;依靠23. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事24. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛（1）do, make短语归类 do the dishes洗餐具 do my homework做我的家庭作业 do chores做家务，处理琐事 do the laundry洗衣 do the shopping购物 do some reading读书 make your bed铺床 make breakfast做早餐 make dinner做晚饭 make tea泡茶，沏茶 make a cup of coffee冲一杯咖啡二重点句

24、子1. Could you please do sth ?请你（做）.好吗？用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.肯定回答：Yes, I can. / Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.否定回答： Sorry , I cant否定句：Could you please not do sth ?请你不要（做）.好吗？各种表示“请求”的句型：Could you please do.?Would you please do.?Would you like/love

25、to do .?Shall I/we do.?Lets do.1) Could I borrow your camera? _，but please give it back by Saturday. A. I am sorry B. Of course C. Certainly not D. No, thanks2) Sir , could you please put out your cigarette? This is a smoke-free（无烟的）school. _ A. Im sorry about this. B. No problem C. Sure, Id love to

26、 D. Never mind3) Tom , would you please _ the box? Its for your sister. A. not open B. dont open C. not to open D. to not open2. the minute = as soon as “一. 就.” The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over . 我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。= My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV.

27、三知识点串讲1I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。【解析】two hours of TV表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。e.g.Three years _(be) really a short time.动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。e.g.Taking good care of her _(be) your duty.2. borrowlend（1）borrow 意为“借，借用”；反义词是lend（借出）。 “borrowfrom”意为“从借（入）”。e.g

28、. I often borrow books from the library. 我经常从图书馆里借书。（2）“lendto”意为“把借（出）”。e.g. I lend my book to Lily. 我把我的书借给莉莉了。（3）keep意为“保留”，return意为“归还”。3. as a resultas a result意为“因此；结果”，在句中作状语。例如：He didnt practise, and as a result he lost. 他没有练习，所以输了。The traffic was very heavy and as a result we didnt arrive o

29、n time.交通十分拥挤，因此我们没有能准时到达。as a result of意为“由于；作为的结果”。先交代结果，再用as a result of连接原因。例如：We cant go out as a result of the heavy rain. 因为下大雨，我们不能出去。4. neither（1）neither“两者都不”，反义词是both“两者都”（2）neither nor 既不也不, 连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定Neither Tom nor Jim is a student（3）neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 “某人（主语） 也不”Mary

30、 doesnt like singing. Neither do I. 玛丽不喜欢唱歌，我也不喜欢。（我和Mary 有相同的情况，前句是否定句，下文用neither开头，主谓倒装）（4）如果上文是肯定句，下文表示与上文有相同情况时，用“so+ be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语”。例如：Mary likes singing. So do I. 玛丽喜欢唱歌。我也喜欢。（我和Mary有相同情况，前句是肯定句，下文用so开头，主谓倒装）5. find +宾语+宾语补足语【注】find found found v 寻找 (1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人正在做某事 (2) fi

31、nd it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难( ) She found _ hard to finish the work by herself. A. that B. its C. it D. this6. make sb. do sth 让某人做某事make made made v. 做， 制作， 使得(1) make sb/sth + 形容词 “让某人或某物” make you happy(2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh.1) Col

32、ors can change our moods and make us _ happy or sad, energetic or sleep. A. to feel B. feeling C. felt D. feel2) He lost his key. It made him _ in the cold to wait for his wifes return. A. to stay B. stayed C. stays D. stay7.”It is + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.”的句型，意为“对某人来说，做某事是.的”It is adj.+ to do sth

33、. e.g. It is important for us to learn English.e.g.I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with homework.Unit4.Why dont you talk to your parents?一重点短语归纳1. look through翻看2. be angry with sb. 生某人的气3. a big deal重要的事4. work out成功地发展;解决5. refuse to do sth. 拒绝

34、做某事6. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事7. give sb. pressure给某人施压8. compete with sb. 与某人竞争9. cause stress造成压力10. cut out删除11. allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事 12. hang out with sb 与某人闲逛13. argue with sb与某人争吵 14. have a fight with sb/get into a fight with sb与某人吵/打架 15. call up 给某人打电话16. a big deal 重要的事17. work out成功地

35、发展;解决 18. get on with 与相处19. hang over 笼罩 20. so that 以便，为了21. mind sb doing sth 介意某人做某事 22. copy ones homework 抄某人的作业23. compare with sb 与进行比较 24. in ones opinion 依看；在某人看来25. be crazy about 对很着迷；抓狂二重点句子1. 用于提建议的句型有：(1) Why dont you do sth.?= Why not do sth.? 为什么不呢？(2) What about doing sth. ?=How ab

36、out doing sth.? .怎么样？(3) Lets do sth. 让我们一起做某事吧。(4) Shall we/I do sth.? 我们做好吗？(5) had better do/not do sth. 最好做/不做某事(6) Will/Would you please do sth. 请你做好吗？(7) Would you like to do sth.? 你想去做某事吗？(8) Would you mind doing sth.？你介意做某事吗？【回答】(1). 同意对方的建议时，一般用： Good idea. / Thats good idea. 好主意 OK/ All ri

37、ght. / Great. 好/ 行/太好了 Yes, please. / Id love to. 是的/ 我愿意 I agree with you. 我同意你的看法 No problem. 没问题 Sure./ Of course./ Certainly. 当然可以 Yes, I think so. 对，我也这样想(2).对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时，一般用： I dont think so. 我认为不是这样 Sorry, I cant. 对不起，我不能 Id love to, but我愿意，但恐怕 Im afraid 恐怕1). Why not go to Lao She Tea ho

38、use tonight? _. A. It doesnt matter. B. Thank you. C. Sorry to hear that. D. Sounds great.2).I feel really tired. _ A. Lucky you! B. Youd better work harder. C. Congratulations! D. Why not go and have a rest? 3). Its a nice day, isnt it? Yes._ going hiking and relax ourselves? A. Why not B. Why dont

39、 C. What about4).You look too tired. Why not _ a rest? A. Stop to have B. to stop having C. stop having三重点语法-状语从句 状语从句就是在句子中作状语的从句。状语从句有好几种，如时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句等。本单元重点讲述以下三种类型的状语从句。1.until引导的时间状语从句（1）until用在肯定句中，多与持续性的动词连用。如stand/wait/stay等，表示主句动作的终止时间。例如：I will wait here until you co

40、me back.我会在这里等到你回来。(2) until可用于否定句中，即notuntil意为“直到才”，常与非延续性动词连用。如open/start/leave/arrive等，强调主句动作开始的时间。例如：The child didnt go to bed until his father came back. 直到父亲回来，那个孩子才睡觉。2so that引导的目的状语从句So that In order to （in order not to） Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later.3.

41、although引导的让步状语从句although(= though)是连词，意为“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。注意: although不与but连用。Although he had only entered the contest for fun, he won fist prize.四知识点串讲1.look through 浏览【拓展】与look相关的短语：look for 寻找 look after=take care of=care for照看look over检查,复习 look through翻看；浏览look out小心,从里向外看 look up向上看,查单词look ar

42、ound环视 look forward to期望 1). Can you help me to _ my dog when I leave for Hong Kong? A. look after B. look for C. look at D. look through2). Here is the book. First _ it and then tell me what you think of it. A. look into B. look through C. look upD. look after2. instead 代替，反而，替(1) instead 副词，代替，常放在

43、句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做，而做了后面的事情。Lee was ill so I went instead.李病了，所以我去了。(2) instead of +n/doing 代替，而不是，放在句中instead of 为介词短语，后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式。She wrote to him instead of calling him. =She didnt call him. She wrote to him instead.她没有给他打电话，而是给他写了封信。1）Health is very important to us. We should eat more vegetables and fruit _ rich food. A. instead B. instead of C. because of D. because2）Weve got n