饲喂乳酸菌对杜长大商品猪肉质特性影响的研究毕业论文.doc
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1、 山东农业大学毕 业 论 文题目: 饲喂乳酸菌对杜长大商品猪肉质特性影响的研究 学 院 动物科技学院 专业班级 09级动科一班 届 次 2013届 学生姓名 学 号 20090026 指导教师 二O一三 年 6 月 10 日目 录摘 要I1 引言11.1 乳酸菌的研究进展11.1.1 乳酸菌及其生物学特点11.1.2 乳酸菌的类型11.1.3 乳酸菌的生物学功能21.2 本研究的目的及意义22 材料与方法22.1 试验猪来源及分组22.2 主要仪器与试剂32.2.1 主要仪器32.2.2 主要试剂及配制32.3 胴体性状的测定32.4 肉样前处理、测定项目及方法42.4.1 肉样前处理42.4
2、.2 测定项目及方法42.5 结果统计分析73 结果与分析73.1 饲喂不同剂量乳酸菌对猪生长性能的影响73.2 饲喂不同剂量乳酸菌对猪胴体性状的影响83.3 饲喂不同剂量乳酸菌对猪肌肉肉质特性的影响84 讨论104.1 饲喂乳酸菌对猪生长性能的影响104.2 饲喂乳酸菌对猪胴体性状的影响104.3 饲喂乳酸菌对猪肉肉质常规特性的影响115 结论13参考文献14致谢16CONTENTSAbstractI1 Introduction11.1.1Research progress of lactic acid bacteria11.1.2 Types of lactic acid bacteria
3、11.1.3 Biological function of lactic acid bacteria21.2 The purpose and significance of the resrarch22 Materials and Methods22.1 Test of swine origin and grouping22.2 The main instruments and reagent32.2.1 Primary instrument32.2.2 The main reagent and preparation32.3 Determination of carcass traits32
4、.4 The project and method of determination of samples pretreatment42.4.1 Meat processing42.4.2 Test items and methods42.5 Statistial analysis of results73 Results and analysis73.1 Effects of diffrent doses of lactic acid bacteria on the growth performance of pigs73.2 Effects of diffrent doses of lac
5、tic acid bacteria on pig carcass traits83.3 Effects of diffrent doses of lactic acid bacteria on meat quality of pork muscle84 Discussion104.1 Effects of lactic acid bacteria on the growth performance of pigs104.2 Effects lactic acid bacteria on pig carcass traits104.3 Effects of lactic acid bacteri
6、a on meat quality of pork muscle115 Conclusion13References14Acknowledgements16摘 要本试验研究了乳酸菌对生长育肥猪的生长性能、胴体性状及肉质特性的影响,旨在为提升规模化猪场的养殖效益以及优质肉猪和优质猪肉的生产提供客观科学依据。试验主要内容为饲喂不同剂量的乳酸菌对生长育肥猪的生长性能、胴体性状及肉质特性影响的研究,以确定乳酸菌的最适添加量。乳酸菌液由山东宝来利来生物工程股份有限公司研发的乳酸菌自动发酵罐发酵制备,使用的主要菌种为植物乳杆菌(L. plantarum)和戊糖片球菌(P. pentosaces),发酵液活
7、乳酸菌浓度1109cfu/ml,乳酸含量30mg/ml,pH在3.5-4.5之间。本试验在山东银宝食品有限公司养猪场进行,选择80日龄,体重约30kg健康无病、生长均匀的杜长大三元杂交猪216头,随机分成4组,每组54头。乳酸菌液每头猪每天饲喂量:一组50ml,二组100ml,三组150ml,对照组0ml。乳酸菌液通过饮水饲喂,自由采食和饮水,其他饲养管理条件相同。试验猪饲喂至平均约100kg体重,每组随机抽样屠宰5头,进行胴体性能测定和肉质测定。研究结果表明:(1)50ml组、100ml组和150ml组平均日增重组间差异不显著(P0.05),这三组平均日增重都大于对照组,其中只有100ml组
8、与对照组差异显著,且比对照组多18.19(P0.05),其中100ml组料肉比最低。(3)100ml组平均日采食量最高,150ml组平均日采食量最低,四个组差异不显著(P0.05)。(4)50ml组和150ml组成活率比对照组分别高2.13、6.38,但差异不显著(P0.05),100ml组与对照组持平,这四组中150ml组成活率最高。(5)100ml组胴体重大于其他三组,且与其他三组差异显著(P0.05)。(6)50ml组、100ml组和150ml组胴体长组间差异不显著(P0.05),这三个试验组都大于对照组,其中100ml组胴体长最大,且与对照组差异显著(P0.05)。(7)50ml组、1
9、00ml组和150ml组眼肌面积均大于对照组,其中100ml组眼肌面积最大,比对照组多20.5,差异不显著(P0.05)。(8)50ml组背膘最薄,100ml组背膘最厚,两组间差异显著(P0.05)。(9)50ml组、100ml组、150ml组和对照组在肉色、大理石纹、失水率、滴水损失、烹饪损失和拿破率性状上差异不显著(P0.05),其中150ml组失水率、滴水损失、烹饪损失和拿破率有好于其他三组的趋势,有利于猪肉的系水能力。50ml组、100ml组、150ml组剪切值均低于对照组,这三组组间差异不显著,且与对照组差异也不显著(P0.05),饲喂乳酸菌有改善嫩度的趋势。50ml组肌内脂肪高于其
10、他三组,差异不显著(P0.05)。150ml组粗灰分高于其他三组,差异不显著(P0.05)。(10)50ml组、100ml组、150ml组肌肉中SOD活性组间差异不显著(P0.05),这三组SOD活性与对照组差异显著,且分别比对照组高12.19(P0.05)、39.05(P0.05)、34.81(P0.05),100ml组和150ml组MDA含量最低。以上结果表明:饲喂乳酸菌液,可提高猪生长育肥阶段的平均日增重和饲料转化效率,从而提高猪的生长性能,与饲喂50ml和饲喂150ml乳酸菌液相比,饲喂100ml乳酸菌液对猪生长性能的提升效果最好。饲喂乳酸菌液可提高猪的成活率,与饲喂50ml和饲喂10
11、0ml乳酸菌液相比,饲喂150ml乳酸菌液效果最好。饲喂乳酸菌液可提高猪的胴体重、胴体长和眼肌面积,从而改善猪的胴体性状,试验发现,饲喂100ml乳酸菌液对猪胴体性状改善效果最好。饲喂乳酸菌液对猪肉的系水力、嫩度值和粗灰分含量的提高有改善趋势,与饲喂50ml和100ml乳酸菌液相比,饲喂150ml乳酸菌液效果较好。关键词:猪;乳酸菌;饲喂添加;生长性能;胴体性状;肉质特性Effects of Feeding Lactic Acid Bacteria on Growth, Carcass and Meat Quality of Finishing PigsABSTRACTThe experime
12、nt was conducted to study the effects of lactic acid bacteria on growth performance, carcass traits and pork quality of finishing pigs. The objective of the study was to enhance breeding efficiency of large-scale pig farms, and provide objective scientific production basis of high quality pork and h
13、igh quality pig. The experiment was divided into two parts, experiment one: preliminary study of feeding lactic acid bacteria on carcass traits and pork quality of finishing pigs; experiment two: effects of feeding lactic acid bacteria on growth performance, carcass traits and pork quality of finish
14、ing pigs, and the experiment two can determine the optimum dosage of lactic acid bacteria liquid. The lactic acid bacteria liquid was fermented by the lactic acid bacteria fermentation tank and the lactic acid bacteria fermentation tank was produced by Shandong Baolai-Leelai Bioengineering Co., Ltd.
15、 The live lactic acid bacteria amount of lactic acid bacteria liquid was about 109cfu/ml, lactic acid content30mg/ml, pH between 3.5- 4.5.The experiment was carried out in the Shandong Yinbao Farms. 216 pigs (Duroc Landrace Yorkshire) were divided into four groups, and each group 54 pigs. The 216 pi
16、gs was healthy and uniform growth. The lactic acid bacteria liquid amount of per pig feeding: group one 50ml/day; group two 100ml/day; group three 150ml/day; the control group 0ml/day. The lactic acid bacteria liquid was fed by drinking water. Other conditions were same.The experiment showed as foll
17、ow:(1) Average daily gain of group 50ml, group 100ml and group 150ml were not significant (P0.05), more than the control group. Average daily gain of group 100ml were more than the control group 18.19(P0.05). Feed intake/weight gain of group 100ml was the lowest. (3) Average daily intake of group 10
18、0ml was highest, group 150ml was the lowest, and four groups were not significant (P0.05). (4) Survival rate of group 50ml, group 150ml were more than the control group 2.13, 6.38. Group 100ml was the same to control group. Survival rate of group 150ml was the highest, and four groups were not signi
19、ficant (P0.05). (5)Carcass weight of group 100ml were more than other groups, and group 100ml was significant difference with the other three groups (P0.05). (6)Carcass length of group 50ml, group 100ml and group 150ml were more than control group; group 100ml and control group were significant diff
20、erence (P0.05). 100ml was the highest and more than group 50ml, group 150ml, control group 5.8, 4.35, 6.05(P0.05). (8)Backfat thickness of group 50ml was the lowest; group 100ml was the highest; group 50ml and group 100ml were not significant (P0.05). (9) Meat color score, marbling score, water loss
21、 percentage, drip loss, cooking loss, napole yield of four groups were not significant (P0.05); water holding capacity of group 150ml was better than others. The Shear force of group 50ml, group 100ml and group 150ml were less than control group, the difference was not significant (P0.05). Intramusc
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