铁基中低温SCR脱硝催化剂性能研究本科毕业设计论文.doc
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1、铁基中低温SCR脱硝催化剂性能研究摘 要氮氧化物(NOx)对人体、环境的危害很大,是目前国内外急需解决的问题之一。选择性催化还原法具有脱硝效率高、N2选择性好等优点,得到广泛使用。商业化的脱硝催化剂存在价格昂贵,活性温窗窄,活性窗口温度较高且废弃的催化剂易造成二次污染等问题,所以,开发廉价、低温、高效的环境友好型催化剂具有十分重要的意义。铁的氧化物具有环境友好、价格低廉以及还原性强等优点,在NOx选择催化还原(SCR)脱除领域已经受到了国内外学者的广泛关注。本文主要针对氧化铁脱硝催化剂的制备、表征等各方面进行了研究。本文首先考察了制备方法、助剂CeO2含量两个因素对非负载型Fe2O3催化剂性能
2、的影响。通过XRD、XPS、H2-TPR、BET比表面积测试、UV-vis DRS等表征手段,对催化剂进行了表征,并且对催化剂的脱硝活性和对氨气的氧化率进行评价。然后,通过XRD、XPS、XRF、BET比表面积测试的表征手段,分析了一种工业级多元金属氧化物(MO)的基本性质,研究了其基础脱硝活性。以XO为催化剂基体,TiO2为载体,Fe2O3为活性组分制备了负载型脱硝催化剂。考察了XO及不同助剂对SCR催化活性的影响。利用XRD、H2-TPR、BET比表面积测试等技术对制备的催化剂进行了表征。对非负载型Fe2O3催化剂研究表明:模板法比共沉淀制备的催化剂具有更大的比表面积,更强的氧化性和酸性,
3、促进了催化剂脱硝活性的升高;前者比后者的活性温区宽,并且具有较好的高温脱硝活性。对不同含量CeO2催化剂的表征比较发现,当CeO2含量为2 %和4%时具有相对较高的催化活性和相对较小的氨气氧化率,这主要是由催化剂中铁物种氧化性的变化导致的。对多元金属氧化物基本性质的研究表明,多元金属氧化物中主要有Fe、Si、Al等多种元素,颗粒表面存在Si、Na、Al、V等元素的富集。多元金属氧化物比表面积极低,基础脱硝活性较低,不适合直接作为脱硝催化剂或者活性组分。制备了XO为催化剂基体,TiO2为载体,Fe2O3为活性组分的催化剂,考察基体对催化剂的影响。实验结果表明,加入多元金属氧化物后,催化剂比表面积
4、减小、氧化性增强。在250 -350 内催化剂的脱硝活性在90 %以上,但是活性温窗较窄。分别使用CeO2、MoO3、WO3对催化剂进行掺杂,实验结果表明:掺杂后催化剂比表面积增大,有利于氨气的吸附,促进SCR反应的进行;CeO2掺杂后催化剂的脱硝活性在整体上提高,但是最佳活性温窗没有变宽或者变化;MoO3、WO3掺杂后催化剂的中低温活性降低,高温活性提高,活性温窗宽,并向高温移动。关键词:选择性催化还原,多元金属氧化物,氧化铁,脱硝ABSTRACTIn recent years, with the rapid development of industrialization in China
5、, atmospheric pollution caused by the burning of fossil fuels has being more and more serious. NOx is one of the main atmospheric pollutants, which bring huge harm to human body and environment, it is one of the urgent problems at home and abroad to be solved. There are many methods controlling NOx
6、emission,one of the most widely used is selective catalytic reduction (SCR), it has advantages of high denitration efficiency and N2 selectivity.At present, there exist some problems in the commercial catalyst, the price is expensive, narrow active temperature window, and abandoned catalyst will lea
7、d to secondary pollution. So, it has very important significance to develop environmental friendly catalyst, low temperature, high efficiency and cheap. Iron oxide, has received the attention of scholars both at home and abroad, because it has advantages of environmentally friendly, low prices,and s
8、trong reducibility. This paper focuses on the preparation and characterization of denitration catalyst based on Fe.First, a series of experiments were conducted to research denitration catalyst based on Fe, including the preparation method and the content of CeO2. The catalysts were characterized wi
9、th XRD, XPS, H2-TPR, BET and UV-Vis DRS, and the denitration activity and the oxidation rate of NH3 over catalysts was evaluated. Then, the basic properties of multiple metal oxide were characterized by the means of XRD, XPS, XRF, BET, and the basic denitration activity of multiple metal oxide was s
10、tudied. Non supported catalysts was prepared with XO, TiO2, Fe2O3 as base material, carrier and active constituent respectively. The effects of XO and different assistant on the SCR catalytic activity was investigated.The research on non supported Fe2O3 catalysts shows that The catalyst prepared by
11、template method has has larger specific surface area, stronger oxidation and acid than the catalyst prepared by coprecipitation method, increased the denitration activity. The former than the latter has a wider temperature range of activity and higer denitration activity at high temperature.The char
12、acterization of the different content of CeO2 catalyst indicate that the catalysts with 2wt% and 4wt% content of CeO2 possess higher catalytic activity and lower oxidation rate of ammonia, and, this was mainly caused by the change of oxidation of iron species.The basic nature of the multiple metal o
13、xide was studied. The results show that there are many elements in the multiple metal oxide, such as Fe, Si, Al,etc. and Si, Na, Al, V element enriched on the surface of the particles. Multiple metal oxide with low specific surface area and denitration, was not suitable for denitration catalyst or a
14、ctive component.The supported catalyst was prepared with XO, TiO2, Fe2O3 as base material, carrier and active constituent respectively, in order to studied the effect of base material on the catalyst. The experimental results show that the addition of multiple metal oxide lead to the surface area re
15、duced and oxidation enhanced of catalysts.The catalyst has the better activity , the activity of 250 -350 were greater than 90%, but the active temperature window was narrow.Use of CeO2, MoO3, WO3 to doped catalysts, the results show that the doped of CeO2, MoO3, WO3 made the surface area increased,
16、 which is helpful to the adsorption of ammonia, promoted the SCR reaction.The denitrification activity rised in the overall of catalyst doped by CeO2, but the best active temperature window no wider or change; The denitrification activity reduced in the low temperature and rised in high temperature
17、of catalyst doped by MoO3 or WO3, the active temperature window width and shifted to higher temperature.Keywords: Selective catalytic reduction, iron oxide, multiple metal oxide, denitrification目 录中文摘要I英文摘要III1 绪 论11.1 课题背景11.1.1 氮氧化物的形成11.1.2 氮氧化物污染与危害21.2 氮氧化物的控制技术31.2.1 低氮燃烧技术31.2.2 烟气脱硝技术41.3 SC
18、R烟气脱硝技术61.3.1 SCR技术基本原理61.3.2 SCR技术反应机理71.3.3 SCR脱硝催化剂71.3.4 SCR脱硝技术的不足之处91.4 铁基脱硝催化剂91.4.1 铁基脱硝催化剂研究进展91.4.2 铁基催化剂脱硝机理131.5 研究目的及主要研究内容161.5.1 研究目的161.5.2 主要研究内容162 实验内容与方法172.1 实验试剂与仪器172.1.1 实验试剂172.1.2实验仪器设备172.2 催化剂活性评价182.2.1 催化剂活性评价装置182.2.2 催化剂活性测试192.3 催化剂的表征方法192.3.1 晶型结构分析192.3.2 差热-热重分析1
19、92.3.3 BET比表面积及孔结构分析202.3.4 X射线荧光分析202.3.5 X射线光电子能谱分析212.3.6 表面酸性及氧化还原特性分析212.3.7 紫外-可见漫反射光谱分析213 CeO2掺杂的Fe2O3催化剂脱硝性能研究233.1 制备方法对催化剂性能的影响233.1.1 催化剂制备233.1.2 晶型结构分析(XRD)233.1.3 差热-热重分析(TG-DTA)243.1.4 比表面积及孔径分析253.1.5 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)263.1.6 表面酸性分析(NH3-TPD)273.1.7 程序升温脱附还原分析(H2-TPR)283.1.8 脱硝性能测试293.1.
20、9 工况条件测试323.2 CeO2含量对催化剂性能的影响343.2.1 催化剂制备343.2.2 晶型结构分析(XRD)343.2.3 比表面积及孔径分析363.2.4 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)383.2.5程序升温脱附还原分析(H2-TPR)393.2.6 紫外-可见漫反射光谱分析(UV-vis DRS)403.2.7 脱硝性能测试413.3 本章小结434 以多元金属氧化物为载体的铁系催化剂研究454.1 多元金属氧化物基本性质454.1.1 体相元素分析(XRF)454.1.2 晶型结构分析(XRD)454.1.3 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)464.1.4 比表面积及孔径分析474.
21、1.5 XO基础脱硝活性484.2 以多元金属氧化物为载体的铁系脱硝催化剂研究484.2.1 Fe2O3-TiO2/XO催化剂制备484.2.2 晶型结构分析(XRD)494.2.3 比表面积分析504.2.4 程序升温脱附还原分析(H2-TPR)514.2.5 脱硝性能测试514.3 过渡金属掺杂对Fe2O3-MO-TiO2/XO催化剂的影响534.3.1 Fe2O3-MO-TiO2/XO (M=W、Ce、Mo)催化剂制备534.3.2 晶型结构分析(XRD)544.3.3 比表面积分析544.3.4 程序升温脱附还原分析(H2-TPR)554.3.5 脱硝性能测试564.4 本章小结575
22、 结 论59致 谢61参考文献63附 录69A. 作者在攻读硕士学位期间取得的科研成果691 绪 论1.1 课题背景近年来,国内工业化快速发展,在给国民经济带来大发展的同时,污染物的排放量也逐年增多,严重破坏生态环境、危害人们的身体健康。在“十一五”期间,脱硫技术基本发展成熟,粉尘排放也得到了有效的控制,氮氧化物(NOx)的治理问题已逐渐成为大气治理的主要方面。煤炭占我国能源的75 %以上,并且以煤炭为主要能源的现状在短期内很难改变,燃煤排放的SO2、粉尘和NOx分别占全国总排放量的67 %、60 %和87 %1,2。2010年,环境保护部明确提出将NOx排放列入“十二五”总量控制约束性指标,
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