疏水接枝丙烯酰胺聚合物驱油剂的合成及性能研究博士毕业论文.doc
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1、疏水接枝丙烯酰胺聚合物驱油剂的合成及性能研究Synthesis and Property Studies on Hydrophobically Graft Copolymer of Polyacrylamide Flooding Agents 学科专业: 油气田开发工程研究方向: 提高采收率与采油化学摘 要聚合物驱是三次采油提高采收率的重要驱油技术,新型聚合物驱油剂的研发受到人们越来越多的关注。本文利用分子设计理论构建了具有良好增黏性能疏水接枝聚合物的分子结构模型:苯环平面的刚性结构增强了聚合物的热稳定性,双链结构增强了聚合物的疏水缔合能力,具有表面活性的强极性结构单元,改善疏水接枝聚合物的表
2、面活性和水溶性。本文合成了同时含有烷基和芳基的双链取代丙烯酰胺疏水单体,N-苄基-N-辛基丙烯酰胺(BOAM)和N-苄基-N-十二烷基丙烯酰胺(BDAM);制备了具有表面活性的可聚合单体,2-丙烯酰胺基十二烷磺酸钠(NaAMCl2S) 以及辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚丙烯酸酯(OP-10-AC)。利用自由基胶束共聚法合成了系列新型疏水接枝丙烯酰胺聚合物驱油剂:AM-NaA-BOAM、AM-NaA-BDAM、AM-NaA-NaAMC12S-BOAM、AM-NaA-OP10AC-BOAM,并用FTIR红外光谱表征了聚合物的结构,用稀释外推法测定了聚合物的相对分子质量。探讨了疏水接枝共聚物的胶束聚合的反应条件,
3、研究了各种因素,如单体的投料比、单体总浓度、引发剂浓度、引发温度、表面活性剂以及各种添加剂等对产物的特性黏数和增黏性能的影响关系,得出了疏水接枝共聚物胶束聚合反应机理及其影响规律;给出了疏水接枝共聚物的最佳聚合条件。 本文利用Brookfield DV-II型黏度计和MCR301型流变仪研究了疏水接枝共聚物溶液的流变性质,考察了聚合物浓度、NaCl浓度、剪切作用及测试温度等因素对疏水接枝共聚物的增黏性能的影响,得出了疏水接枝共聚物微观增黏机理及其影响规律。在亚浓溶液中,当聚合物浓度超过临界缔合浓度(C*)时,溶液的表观黏度显著增大,表现出良好的增稠性能;疏水接枝共聚物具有良好的黏弹性,聚合物溶
4、液的储能模量(G)大于损耗模量(G),主要以弹性为主。本文利用扫描电镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了疏水接枝共聚物溶液的微观形貌,给出了共聚物在水溶液中的真实缔合形态照片,为疏水缔合聚合物分子链在溶液中的微观缔合行为提供直接证据。SEM研究表明,在临界缔合浓度以上聚合物分子链通过疏水缔合作用相互聚集形成大量的缔合体,原子力显微镜(AFM)照片也也证实了致密缔合体的存在本文通过室内物理模拟驱油实验,评价了疏水接枝共聚物AM-NaA-OP10AC-BOAM的驱油性能,研究了聚合物提高采收率的微观机理。结果表明,水驱后,HPAM驱能提高采收率13.66%,而接枝共聚物驱可以提高采收率18.
5、03%,比HPAM驱油剂的原油采收率高4.37个百分点。 关键词: 疏水接枝共聚物,聚丙烯酰胺,胶束聚合,流变性,黏弹性,耐温抗盐,聚合物驱Synthesis and Property Studies on Hydrophobically Graft Copolymers of Polyacrylamide Flooding AgentsAbstractBeing a very important oil flooding technique for EOR, polymer flooding is used widely in many oilfields, more and more in
6、terests are growing in developing novel polymer flooding agents. In this paper, a series of hydrophobically graft polyacrylamides have been synthesized by using molecular design. Two novel disubstituted hydrophobic acrylamide comonomers containing alky and aryl groups have been incorporated into the
7、 polymer chains with the object of improving the thermal stability and viscosity of polymer due to the rigid planar structure of bezene ring and the double tail structure. Furthermore, two surface-active monomer were also incorporated, in order to improve the surface activities of the polymers, and
8、the hydrophilic monomer containing sulfonic group was also used to improve the solubility of polymer.In this paper, two novel disubstituted hydrophobic acrylamide comonomers, N-benzyl-N-octylacrylamide (BOAM) and N-benzyl-N-dodecylacrylamide (BDAM) have been synthesized, and two surface active monom
9、ers of sodium 2-acrylamido-dodecane sulfonate (NaAMCl2S) and octylphenol polyoxyethylene acrylate (OP-10-AC) have also been prepared. Four novel hydrophobically graft polyacrylamides (AM-NaA-BOAM, AM-NaA-BDAM, AM-NaA-NaAMC12S-BOAM and AM-NaA-OP10AC-BOAM) were synthesized by using free radical micell
10、ar copolymerization and characterized by FTIR spectra, and the molecular weights were also determined by Ubbelohde viscometry. The conditions of micellar copolymerization were studied, such as the influences of monomer feeding ratios, total monomer concentrations, initiator concentrations, reaction
11、temperature, surfactant concentrations and additive concentrations on the intrinsic viscosity and the abilities increasing viscosity and the optimal reaction conditions were also investigated. .The properties of hydrophobically graft polyacrylamide sotutions were investigated by Brookfield DV-II Vis
12、cometer and MCR301 Rheometer. The effects on the apparent viscocity of copolymer solutions by several factors such as plymer concentration, NaCl concentration, shear rates, testing temperature and so on. The resuls showed that the apparent viscosity increased shaply when polymer concentration above
13、the Critical Aggregation Concentration (C*), and exhibited an excellent thickening ability. Rheological tests indicated that copolymers have good viscosity with storzge modulus( G) loss modulus (G). Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (FAM) were used to observe the mico-
14、morphology of the graft hydrophobic copolymers solution directly. SEM images showed that there were lots of compact aggregates in solutions when polymer concentrations were above the C*. The contineous network structures were also observed and AFM images also indicated the existence of the compact a
15、ggregates, however for the other polymers, no clear net-works could be observed except the compact aggregates.Oil displacement performances of AM-NaA-OP10AC-BOAM were alao measured by physical simulation test with homogeneous cores. The results showed that after water flooding, the recovery rate of
16、HPAM reached 13.66%, while the copolymer could be 18.03%, which indicated that copolymer flooding recovery rate could increase by more 4.37 percentage points than water flooding and exhibited a good oil displacing ability. Key words: Hydrophobically graft copolymer, Polyacrylamide, Micellar copolyme
17、rization, Rheological property, Viscoelastic property, Resistance of temperature and tolerance to salt, Polymer floodin疏水接枝丙烯酰胺聚合物驱油剂的合成及性能研究创新点摘要(1)从分子设计出发,在大分子链上引入了含有烷基和芳基的双链取代丙烯酰胺疏水单体,苯环平面的刚性结构增强了聚合物的热稳定性,双链结构增强了聚合物的疏水缔合能力,从分子结构上解决普通水溶性聚合物驱油剂在油藏条件下增黏能力不足的缺陷;引入具有表面活性的结构单元,改善疏水接枝聚合物的表面活性,提高驱油剂对原油的乳
18、化能力和洗油能力;引入含磺酸基的强亲水单体提高聚合物的水溶性。(第2、4、5章)(2)利用扫描电镜(ESM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了疏水接枝共聚物溶液的微观形貌,给出了共聚物在水溶液中的真实缔合形态照片,为聚合物分子链在溶液中的微观缔合行为提供直接证据,从微观结构上阐明疏水接枝共聚物的微观增黏机理,揭示聚合物的分子结构缔合结构溶液性能的关系。(第3章)(3)通过吊环法研究疏水接枝共聚物溶液的表面张力及其影响因素,探讨聚合物经过表面改性后的性质变化规律,揭示了疏水接枝共聚物的表面活性与分子微观结构的关系,从微观上揭示其提高原油采收率的作用机理。(第5、6章)(4)采用室内的岩心驱油实验研究
19、了疏水接枝共聚物的原油驱替能力,探讨疏水接枝共聚物的微观驱油机理,并与普通聚合物驱油剂(HPAM)和两亲聚合物现场工业品的驱替效果进行了比较,分析其作为新型聚合物驱油剂应用的可行性。(第6章) 目 录第一章 绪 论11.1 课题来源11.2 研究目的及意义11.3 国内外研究研究现状21.3.1 聚合物驱油剂31.3.2 耐温抗盐聚合物61.4 疏水缔合水溶性聚合物111.4.1 HAWSP的类型111.4.2 HAWSP的结构111.4.3 HAWSP的合成方法121.5 胶束聚合反应161.5.1 胶束聚合机理161.5.2 胶束聚合的反应条件171.6 疏水缔合聚合物溶液性质的研究221
20、.6.1 疏水缔合聚合物的水溶性221.6.2 疏水缔合聚合物的流变特性221.6.3 疏水缔合聚合物流变性的影响因素241.7 主要内容与技术路线291.7.1 主要研究内容291.7.2 技术路线30第二章 疏水接枝共聚物AM-NAA-BOAM的合成及表征312.1 实验试剂及仪器312.1.1 实验试剂312.1.2 实验仪器322.2 疏水单体的制备332.2.1 反应原理及路线332.2.2 实验步骤342.3 疏水接枝共聚物AM-NaA-BOAM的合成342.3.1 合成原理及路线342.3.2 合成方法362.4 疏水接枝共聚物AM-NaA-BOAM的表征362.4.1 AM-N
21、aA-BOAM的红外光谱测试362.4.2 AM-NaA-BOAM的相对分子质量的表征372.5 结果与讨论392.5.1 AM-NaA-BOAM的结构表征392.5.2 合成条件的影响因素402.6 本章小结45第三章 疏水接枝共聚物AM-NAA-BOAM溶液性质的研究463.1 实验试剂及仪器463.1.1 实验材料463.1.2 实验仪器463.2 实验方法463.2.1 聚合物溶液表观黏度的测定463.2.2 聚合物溶液的流变性能测定463.3 结果与讨论473.3.1 聚合物浓度对溶液表观黏度的影响473.3.2 温度对聚合物溶液表观黏度的影响483.3.3 NaCl浓度对聚合物溶液
22、表观黏度的影响493.3.4 剪切速率对聚合物表观黏度的影响503.3.5 聚合物溶液的黏弹性评价523.4 疏水接枝共聚物AM-NaA-BOAM溶液微观结构研究533.4.1 扫描电镜(SEM)533.4.2 原子力显微镜(AFM)543.5 本章小结56第四章 疏水接枝共聚物AM-NAA-BDAM合成及溶液性质研究574.1 实验试剂及仪器574.1.1 实验试剂574.1.2 实验仪器584.2 疏水单体的制备584.2.1 反应原理及路线584.2.2 实验步骤594.3 疏水接枝共聚物AM-NaA-BDAM的合成及表征604.3.1 合成原理及路线604.3.2 合成方法614.4
23、疏水接枝共聚物AM-NaA-BDAM合成条件的优化614.4.1 溶液表观黏度的测定614.4.2 合成条件优化624.5 疏水接枝共聚物AM-NaA-BDAM的表征634.5.1 AM-NaA-BDAM的红外光谱测试634.5.2 AM-NaA-BDAM的相对分子质量表征644.6 AM-NaA-BDAM合成条件的影响因素654.6.1 引发剂用量的影响654.6.2 引发温度的影响664.6.3 单体总浓度的影响674.6.4 各种添加剂的影响674.7 疏水接枝共聚物AM-NaA-BDAM的溶液性质研究704.7.1 实验方法704.7.2 结果与讨论704.8 疏水接枝共聚物AM-Na
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