火力发电毕业设计3.doc
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1、目 录设计总说明IINTRODUCTIONII1绪论11.1设计方向11.2厂址选择11.3厂区的整体布局21.4发电厂的一般规定22发电厂电气设计32.1概述32.2电气接线的类型比较32.2.1单母线接线42.2.2单母线分段接线42.2.3双母线接线42.2.4双母线带旁路接线42.2.5双母线分段接线42.2.6双母线分段带旁路接线52.2.7一个半断路器接线52.3确定方案52.4计算负荷63发电厂厂用接线设计63.1概述63.2厂用负荷的分类73.2.1一级负荷73.2.2二级负荷73.2.3三级负荷73.3用电设备的工作制73.3.1连续工作制73.3.2短时工作制73.3.3断
2、续周期工作制73.4厂用电接线电压等级的确定83.5厂用电源83.5.1电源的分类83.5.2工作电源的引接83.5.3厂用备用电源和启动电源的引接83.5.4事故保安电源83.6接地方式83.7厂用母线分段93.8设计方案93.9变压器容量的选择103.9.1高压厂用变压器容量的选择103.9.2启动变压器容量的选择104短路电流计算104.1概述104.1.1短路的原因104.1.2短路后果104.1.3短路的形式104.2短路电流的计算114.2.1d1点短路计算134.2.2d2点短路计算144.2.3d3点短路计算145电气设备的选择155.1选择电气设备的基本原则155.1.1按正
3、常运行条件选择电气设备155.1.2按短路情况下的稳定性校验155.2断路器的选择165.2.1发电机变压器侧(高压侧)断路器的选择165.2.2厂用10kV低压侧断路器的选择(包括电源测)175.2.3厂用6.3 kV低压侧断路器的选择175.2.4厂用0.4 kV低压侧断路器的选择185.3高压隔离开关的选择185.3.1220kV高压隔离开关的选择195.3.210.5kV隔离开关的选择195.3.36.3kV隔离开关的选择205.3.40.4kV隔离开关的选择215.4电流互感器(CT)的选择225.5电压互感器(PT)选择255.5.1220kV馈线处的PT选择265.6变压器出线处
4、导线的选择275.7发电机引出线的选择285.8导线及电缆的选择及校验285.9避雷器的选择326220KV配电装置的设计336.1配电装置的分类347300MW机组继电保护及自动化装置的规划设计357.1电力系统继电保护的基本任务357.2发电机的继电保护357.3电力变压器的继电保护367.4过电流保护的整定计算378小结39鸣 谢40参考文献41设计总说明我国电力行业在未来的几年里仍然有巨量的需求。我国电力消费始终保持强劲增长态势,未来几年用电量继续保持快速增长。火力发电是电力系统的重要组成部分,电气系统作为发电厂的一个最重要分系统,实现了发电厂最重要的功能一一能源的转化和输送功能,直接
5、关系到电厂的生产运行和经济效益。电气设计的重要性日益突出,能否提高电气设计的安全性,高效性,节约性对提高火力发电厂生产是至关重要的。国内外发展状况、发展水平与存在问题:电力系统的飞速发展对电气设计不断提出新的要求,电子技术、计算机技术与通信技术的飞速发展又为电气设计的发展不断地注入了新的活力。随着智能化技术的深化应用,有些设备或系统的控制,逐渐走向由专业的控制系统进行监控,并向设备监控系统开放其通信协议,达到系统间的互联和互通。例如火电厂的电力自动监控系统,采用现场总线技术实现数据采集和处理,集中进行监控,达到对变配电系统的遥测、遥调、遥控和遥信,实现变配电所无人值守。系统能不断进行采集和分析
6、,提前给出必要的提示或警告,便于系统的安全运行。电力自动监控系统采用计算机技术、数据处理技术、控制技术、传感技术、通信网络技术、电力电子技术等,可基本取代传统的二次回路,具有接线简单、性能可靠、易于维护等优点。与此同时,对火电厂物中第二耗能大户照明系统的节能控制也开始被普遍重视,专业的照明控制系统在许多火电厂物中被广泛应用。照明控制方式由单一的定时开关控制向实时感应控制、减光控制等方面发展。此外,场景控制、遥控器控制、现场控制等多种灵活的控制方式,在最大限度地实现节能的同时,还实现了照明系统的舒适性、功能性和人性化。 智能化技术主要包括:火电厂设备监控技术,安全防范技术 ,通信网络技术,综合布
7、线技术 ,系统集成技术 等。研究目标、内容及拟解决的关键问题:我这次设计主要针对一次系统为主、二次设计为辅的原则,主要对4300MW发电机组接线形式的选择、10.5kV主接线形式的选择、高压断路器、隔离刀闸的选择、电压互感器和电流互感器的选择,以及进行了短路计算,并对发电机和变压器的主保护进行了简单的配置。在电力系统中,大、中型电厂起着举足轻重的作用,一旦故障轻则引起大面积停电,重则可能引起电网崩溃。本设计从电气主接线形式的选择、厂用电系统设计和电气设备的选择等三个主要方面进行了论述,同时简要地介绍了220kV配电装置设计、300MW机组继电保护及自动装置的规划设计。为火力发电厂的电气系统拟定
8、了一个投资经济、生产安全、性能可靠的设计方案。 关键词:火力发电厂;短路;接线;电气设备INTRODUCTIONOur country electric power profession still will have the great quantity demand in the future several years. Our country electric power expends throughout maintains the strong growth situation, future several years will continue with the electr
9、ic quantity to maintain the fast growth. The thermoelectricity generation is the electrical power system important constituent, the electrical system takes the power plant a most important subsystem, has realized the power plant most important function energys transformation and the transportation f
10、unction, directly relates the power plant the production movement and the economic efficiency. Domestic and international development, development level and problems: the rapid development of power Xitong constantly on the electrical design of new demands, electronic technology, computer technology
11、and the rapid development of communication technology for the electrical design of the development has continued to Zhu Rule new vitality. With the deepening of intelligent application of technology, some equipment or system control, gradually become a professional control system monitoring, equipme
12、nt monitoring system to open up its communications protocol, to achieve interconnection and interoperability between systems. For example, the electricity power plant automatic control system, field bus technology used for data acquisition and processing, centralized control, to change that distribu
13、tion system telemetry, remote adjustment, remote control and remote communication, to achieve unmanned substation. System can continuously capture and analyze in advance the necessary tips or warnings are given to facilitate the safe operation of the system. Power Monitoring and Control system uses
14、computer technology, data processing technology, Kong Zhi technology, sensor technology, communications network technology, power electronics technology, Keji Ben replace traditional Erci circuit, Juyou wiring simple, reliable performance, easy to maintain 优点. At the same time, thermal power plants
15、on the second big energy saving lighting control systems have become a common emphasis on professional lighting control system in many thermal power plants has been widely used. Lighting control mode by a single time switch control to real-time sensor control, dimmer control develop. In addition, sc
16、ene controls, remote control, field control, the control of a variety of flexible ways to maximize energy efficiency in the same time, the lighting system to achieve comfort, functionality and user friendly. Intelligent technology include: thermal power plant equipment monitoring technology, securit
17、y technology, communications network technology, integrated wiring technology, system integration technology.Research objectives, content and key issues to be solved: I am the design of a system aimed mainly supplemented by the second design principle, the main 4 300MW generating units on the wiring
18、 between the choice, 10.5kV main connection forms of choice high-voltage circuit breaker, disconnecting switch has the choice of voltage transformer and current transformer selection, as well as a short-circuit calculations, and the main generator and transformer protection for a simple configuratio
19、n. In power system, large, medium-sized power plants plays an important role, once the fault ranging from large-scale power outages, heavy may cause network collapse.The electrical design importance is day by day prominent, whether enhances the electrical design the security, effectiveness, saves th
20、e nature to enhance the thermal power plant production is very important. This design from the electrical host wiring form choice, the factory used electricity the system design and the electrical equipment choice and so on three principal aspects has carried on the elaboration, simultaneously brief
21、ly introduced the 220kV power distribution equipment design, the 300MW unit relay protection and the automatic device plan design, has drawn up an investment economy, the production safety, the performance reliable design proposal for the thermal power plant electrical system.KEYWORDS: thermal power
22、 plant; short circuits; connection scheme; electrical equipment火力发电厂电气设计电气工程及其自动化,200511631116,李志伟指导教师:王筱珍1 绪论1.1 设计方向从所给原始资料分析可知,所需设计的电厂总容量为4300MW,属于大型火电厂。并且在电力系统中连接了水电厂和负荷系统,成为一枢纽电厂,因而此厂在系统中占有重要地位。在此次设计过程中,本人严格按照相关规程,并参考了多年运行的经验,以确保电厂运行的安全可靠,而且重点考虑了其可靠性和灵活性。在此次设计中,我对原始资料进行分析,并对厂区的整体规划进行简单的概述。1.2 厂
23、址选择在火力发电厂设计技术规程第2.0.7.4条中明确规定:位于地震基本烈度为9度地区,且规划容量大于或等于600MW的发电厂,应进行烈度复核或地震危险性分析。第2.0.8条:发电厂厂址不应设在滑坡、岩溶发育程度高的地区或发震断裂地带以及9度以上地震区;机组容量为300MW及以上或全厂规划容量为1200MW及以上的发电厂不宜建在9度地震区。厂址应避让重点保护的自然和人文遗址,也不宜设在有重要开采价值的矿藏上或矿藏采空区上。山区发电厂的厂址,宜选在较平坦的坡地或丘陵地上,应注意不破坏自然地势,避开有危岩、滚石和泥石流的地段。第2.0.17条:由于本厂址所属地的情况为厂区地势平坦,地质条件较好,属
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