水稻病害查询系统的研究毕业论文.doc
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1、本科学生毕业设计水稻病害查询系统的研究系部名称: 计算机科学与技术系 专业班级: 计算机科学与技术BW04-8班 学生姓名: 刘晓东 指导教师: 刘晓红 职 称: 工程师 黑 龙 江 工 程 学 院二八年六月The Graduation Design for Bachelors DegreeThe paddy rice disease harms search system of research tCandidate:Liu XiaodongSpecialty:Computer Science and TechnologyClass:BW04-8Supervisor:Engineer. Li
2、u XiaohongHeilongjiang Institute of Technology2008-06Harbin目 录摘要4ABSTRACT7第一章前言12 1.1问题的提出121.2文献综述13 1.2.1国内外农业专家系统研究概况13 1.2.2农业专家系统普遍存在的问题及可能的研究方向15 1.3本文研究的目的、意义16 1.4主要研究内容17 1.5本文特色18 1.6本文结构布局. 18第二章与本文相关的专家系统知识简介20 2.1概念性知识20 2.1.1专家系统(Expert System简称ES)定义20 2.1.2专家系统的主要特征20 2.1.3专家系统的功能与结构2
3、1 2.2专家系统理论知识24 2.2.1知识表示24 2.2.2知识表示方法25 2.2.3推理28 2. 3本章小节33第三章综合防治35 3.1选栽多抗性品种35 3.2控害保健栽培35 3.2.1培育无病壮苗35 3.2.2提高肥水管理技术,增强稻株抗力36 3.3药剂保护36 3.3.1采用多效药剂和复配剂36 3.3.2掌握防治适期36第四章总结与展望37 参考文献38 致谢42水稻病害诊断查询专家系统摘要 水稻是我国的三大粮食作物之一,要提高我国水稻产量和品质,实现水稻高产、优质、高效,在水稻生产过程中,水稻病害的良好控制是提高水稻产量和品质的重要方面之一。由于水稻病害种类繁多,
4、危害较重,有的甚至造成绝收,而且农民对水稻病害的认识不足,或者搞不清病害类型,更不用说拿出一套及时有效的治疗方案,加之水稻专家较少,不能及时地为农民提供服务,这就给稻区的广大稻农和技术人员在准确诊断和及时防治病害方面带来极大的困难。 农业专家系统的应用和发展,是实现我国农业信息化、现代化的重要途径,也是发展我国农业的一条新路子,因此在分析我国农业专家系统应用及发展现状的基础上,结合我国具体农业情况,针对国内水稻病害发病特点,对水稻病害知识进行了系统整理和较深入研究,有效地将计算机技术、专家系统原理与水稻植保知识进行合理地整合,构建了基于网络平台的水稻病害诊断查询专家系统。通过本系统实现领域知识
5、的共享,缓解了水稻领域植保专家数量的不足,提高水稻病害的综合防治,加快科技成果的转化具有重要意义。 系统以稻瘟病等12种在国内常见水稻病害为研究对象,把病害发病的症状表现、防治方法、发病规律、病原信息、图片等作为主要研究知识点。在领域专家协助下,对这些知识认真分析与系统整理,形成本专家系统的知识库。 从专家系统结构来讲,本系统是遵循专家系统的一般结构进行设计开发的,主要包括人机接口、推理机、知识库、综合数据库、解释、知识获取机构等主要部分组成。将所有知识规则存于关系数据库中,形成了知识库,实现了领域知识的存贮、管理与共享。推理机是根据用户的请求,基于知识存储的形式,利用面向对象技术,完成推理,
6、推理效果较好。知识获取机构面向领域专家,用以实现知识库的修改、扩充等维护任务。 从程序开发的角度来说,本系统基于WEB浏览器,以B/S结构作为网站实施模式,数据库管理系统选用了SQL Server 2000,采用JAVA, JSP, XML, T_ SQL等语言工具,基于IntelliJ IDEA 5.0平台,将数据库与专家系统知识相结合,研制、开发了该系统。因为系统采用跨平台的编程语言和面向对象技术进行程序开发的,因此具有良好的通用性和可扩充性。 系统前台主要实现查询和诊断两大服务功能。本系统的难点是诊断。是基于特征的诊断机制,根据病害在水稻各个部位的症状表现,筛选出了水稻重要的鉴别特征。根
7、据病害表现症状进行诊断时,采用了不精确推理方法,引用的是CF模型算法。利用病原信息进行诊断时,采用精确推理方法。系统不但能给出诊断的结论,还提供了这种病的防治方法、发病规律、以及对结论的解释、综合表现症状等内容信息。查询功能完成了己知病害名查找与此病相关的信息,查询是诊断的逆思维过程。后台实现了系统数据维护功能,一是对用户信息维护;二是对知识库中知识的维护。主要完成增加、删除、修改、查看等功能。 本专家系统特点: (1)在本系统中,由于系统知识获取机构和推理机是两个独立的系统,保证了知识库或推理机发生变化时相互不影响,这有利于系统扩充、修改和维护,同时通过健壮的维护功能,体现了系统具有良好的学
8、习能力。 (2)系统根据各个部位表现症状进行诊断时采用了不精确推理方法,比同类专家系统的精确推理更符合情理。 (3)系统人机界面人性化很强、操作简单、方便,用户无需被培训,直接可以使用本系统。 (4)本系统文字描述和图片相结合,为用户提供了形象、直观的数据选择方式。 对系统推理和求解过程进行理论上的合理检验,证明系统设计是合理的。但系统还需进一步实践性验证。关键词:专家系统,水稻病害,诊断,查询An Expert System to Diagnose and Inquire about Plant Diseases for PaddyRice of Jilin ProvinceAbstract
9、 Paddy rice is one of the three main food provision crops of Chinese province. In order to enhance the quantity and quality of paddy rice and realize high一yield, high-quality and high一return paddy rice crop,a very important part is to put plant diseases of paddy rice under control well in produce pr
10、ocess. Due to numerous plant diseases of paddy rice which are harmful for the crops and sometimes bring devastation to them and the farmers little knowledge about plant diseases or mixing up the types of the plant diseases sometimes and no a just-in-time and effective treatment programme and no time
11、ly services and few experts on paddy rice,the technical staff,when to diagnose,treat and control the plant diseases correctly for the farmers of the paddy rice crops areas ,have met great difficulties. The application and development of agriculture expert system is a key route to accomplish the info
12、rmationization and modernization of agriculture. On the basic of analysing the application of agriculture expert system and the developmental tempo and considering the agricultural present situation and the characteristics of the plant diseases of Jilin province ,the krnowledge of plant diseases has
13、 been systematic collatived and studied in depth, and then a system to efficiently combine the computer technology with the principle of the expert system and the plant protection of paddy rice begins, at the same time,the expert system to diagnose and inquire about plant diseases for paddy rice of
14、Jilin province on the basis of network start to be constructed. By sharing konwledges of the relative domains through this system, a few experts on plant protection of paddy rice is not a problem, and the integrated control of the plant diseases of the paddy rice will be improved .What s more, it s
15、significant that the transform of the findings of science and technology will speed up. This system considers 12 kinds of plant diseases of paddy rice including rice blast ,etc. as the objects of study .The main points of the study cover the symptoms of tlhe plants which fell ill,prevention and cure
16、, regularity of onset, information of pathogen, photographs. On the assistance of the experts of the relative domains, these knowledges have been analysed carefully and systematic collatived and the knowledge database of this expert system has come into being.In respect of the structure of the exper
17、t system, this system is designed and developed on the basis of general structure of expert systems mainly including man-machine interface, inference engine, knowledge base, generalized database, instruction interpretation, knowledge acquisition system, ete.All the knowledge and regulation are store
18、d at relational database to form the; knowledge base, which achieved storage, management and shared for the domain knowledge. Under requisitions of users, to utilize the form for knowledge storage and the object oriented technology to complete the inferences effectively and correctly. Turning in the
19、 direction of domain experts knowledges and experiences, knowledge acquisition system can give the functions to the knowledge base include modify, expand,maintain, etc.On the program development side this system is Web-browser-based, the implementation mode of the web site is based on B/S organizati
20、on, SQL Server 2000 is used as the data base management system, the programme languages adopted are Java, Jsp, XML, T SQL.The design and development of this system combine the database and knowledge bout expert system on the IntelliJ IDEA 5.0 platform. Due to design by the over-platform programme la
21、nguages and development by object oriented technology for the software in this system, the universality and the expandability of this system are flexible.The front-end server of this system provides diagnosis and query.The key function of this system is diagnosis which is difficult to realize and th
22、e diagnosis mechanism is on the strength of characteristics,significant to identify, which are sieved out of the symptoms of plant diseases of each part of the paddy rice. When diagnosing by the symptoms of plant diseases, fuzzy reasoning method is used, employing CF model and algorithm. When using
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