非谓语-不定式的用法课件.ppt

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1、非谓语-不定式的用法,结构:to do(否定)not to do,二.时态与语态,to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been doing,to have been done,-,-,不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。To complete the 30 storied building in one year was quite a difficult task.To do that implies taking responsibility.当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。It is i

2、mportant for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages.,三.用法/功能,(1)不定式做主语,It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：a)It is形容词(easy,important,difficult,foolish,inconvenient,unnecessary,right,wrong.)(for/of sb.)不定式 It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve.It is not easy to

3、catch fish with your hands only.It is important for us young people to learn English and master it.,b)It is名词(a pleasure,a pity,ones duty,an honor,a shame,no easy job.)不定式 It is a waste of time to read that kind of book.It is a pity to have to go without her.c)It takes(sb.)some time(hours,months,day

4、s,a lot of time,patience.)不定式 It takes me three hours to learn English each day.It took them half the night to get home in the snow.,(2)不定式作表语,不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job等。The most important thing for ones health is to have plenty of exercise.What I wanted was t

5、o get the work done as quickly as possible.,不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语：afford,agree,apply,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,begin,choose,claim,demand,decide,desire,determine,expect,fail,hope,hesitate,hate,intend,learn,like,manage,mean,offer,plan,prepare pretend,promise,refuse,seek,want等。I want to go home.The workers dema

6、nded to get better pay.,3)不定式作宾语,不定式作宾语还常用在下面结构中:主语动词it形容词不定式。We found it impossible to get everything ready in time.I think it important to learn English well in college.,使用这种句型的常见动词有：,believe,consider,declare,feel,find,guess,imagine,prove,realize,suppose,think,等。,(4)宾语补足语,He asked you to call him

7、at ten oclock.The note reminds me to be careful whatever I do.Id never allow my children to behave like that.Jim told Li Ming to give his best wishes to everybody.,注意：当不定式放在下列动词后面作宾语补语时，不定式不带to。常用口诀如下：五看三室（使）两厅（听）一感觉,五看,watch,see,look at,observe,notice,三使,let,make,have,二听,listen to,hear,一感觉,feel,Whe

8、never something is wrong with you,please do let me know.I will have the students write a passage about Internet.It seemed so long before he heard the stone hit the water.,不定式有时起形容词作用修饰名词或代词，在句中担任定语。不定式作定语时，它的位置在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。Have you got anything to say？Are there many places to see in London？I have s

9、ome books to give you.They were the first to come to China.She is the last to come.注意：不定式修饰something，anything，nothing时，放置在它们的后面。,不定式作定语,注意如果不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面就应有必要的介词。They have a lot of things to talk about.（talk是不及物动词，必须加上介词about）He is looking for a room to live in.（live是不及

10、物动词，必须加上介词in；同时room是不定式live这一动作的地点，也必须加上in，否则to live the room是不成立的，只能是to live in the room）There is nothing to worry about.,不定式在句子中担任状语，表示目的、原因和结果。表目的做目的状语，常用的结构：to do;in order to do,so as to do,so/such as to do,etc.Ex.I come here to say good-bye to you.表原因不定式可以在glad，happy之类表达感情的形容词后面来修饰该形容词表示“因为而”的意

11、思。I am glad to be here.我很高兴能在这里。I am sorry to trouble you.很抱歉给你添麻烦。,不定式作状语,做结果状语 常与副词only,enough 或too连用。He studied hard only to fail the exam.He is old enough to go to school.,不定式的否定结构多由：“not+不定式”构成，否定副词not,never,seldom,hardly 等要置于to前。Please tell your child not to play in the street.She checked the

12、names so as not to make mistakes.,四、不定式的否定结构,一般时表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。He seems to know this.I hope to see you again.完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.,三、不定式的时态,Multiple choices,She pretended _ me when I passed by.A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not se

13、e D.having not seen 2.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.A.to be chosen B.to choose from C.to choose D.for choosing 3.It seems that he has no pen _.A.to write B.to write with C.writing D.writing with,4.In order to gain a bigger share in the international market,many state-run compa

14、nies are striving _ their products more competitive.A.to make B.making C.to have make D.having make 5.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make 6.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it rema

15、ins _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seen,7.It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports star.had B.having C.to have D.have8.I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody,but the managers plan is unfair.A to sound B

16、.to be sounded C.Sounding D.to have sounded9.-Is Bob still performing?-Im afraid not.He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official.to have left B.to leave C.to have been left D.to be left,1.Summarize the rules of infinitive in your own way.2.Finish the exercises of“Discovering useful structures”on Page 5-6.,Homework,See you next time!,此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢,