英语介词和介词短语课件.ppt
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1、四、介词和介词短语,介词的基本用法1.(2012陕西11)An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are _ it.A.against B.for C.to D.with,【解析】选A。考查介词。句意:好像是不可能达成协议了,因为大多数委员们反对。A项 against“反对”;B项for“支持”;C项to“向、朝、往、到、在”;D项with“和(其他人或物)在一起、跟、同、和、(时间)随着、有;穿戴”。结合语境知A项符合题意。,2.(2012辽宁27)The Well H
2、otel stands in a quiet place _ the main road at the far end of the lake.A.to B.for C.off D.out【解析】选C。考查介词。句意:Well 饭店坐落于湖尽头的大路附近一个非常安静的地方。A项“对于”;B项“为了”;C项“离开,偏离”符合题意;D项“在外面”。,3.(2012北京34)Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?A.at B.on C.to D.across【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:你觉得这件衬衫在肩膀这个地方是不是太紧了?at
3、在地方;on在上面;to表地点时,指不接触;across横跨,指从肩膀的一端到另一端。,4.(2012福建33)Nothing is so easy as _ parents to raise their expectations of their children too high.A.of B.to C.by D.for【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:对家长来说,没有什么比提高对孩子的期望值更容易的事情了。for对来说,后跟“对象”。,5.(2012浙江6)_ all the animals Ive ever had,these two dogs are the most sensitive
4、 to the spoken word.A.From B.Of C.For D.With【解析】选B。考查介词。句意:在我养过的所有动物中,这两只狗对口头语言最敏感。from来自;of属于,由组成;for因为;with和一起,随着,用,因为。,6.(2011四川8)Nick,its good for you to read some books _ China before you start your trip there.A.in B.for C.of D.on【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:尼克,去中国旅游之前,读点关于中国的书是有好处的。介词on 表示“关于;论及”之意。介词in,for
5、,of 皆无此意,故选D。,7.(2011山东30)Im sorry I didnt phone you,but Ive been very busy _ the past couple of weeks.A.beyond B.with C.among D.over【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:很抱歉没有给你打电话,在过去的几周里我一直很忙。over在句中为介词,意为“在期间”,与句意相符;beyond 超过,超越;with带有,具有;among 在中间,在之中。,8.(2011全国卷14)This shop will be closed for repairs _ further notic
6、e.A.with B.until C.for D.at【解析】选B。考查介词。句意:这家商店因修缮将关闭直到另行通知。在此until是介词,表示“到为止,在以前”。A项with表示“和一起”;C项for表示“为了”;D项at表示“在上”。根据句意选择B项。,9.(2011重庆24)Shirley,a real book lover,often brings home many books to read _ the library.A.in B.for C.by D.from【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:雪莉,一个十足的读书爱好者,经常从图书馆借很多书回家看。表示“从某处”用介词from。故选
7、D。,10.(2010北京29)Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden?They are _ everyones enjoyment.A.in B.at C.for D.to【解析】选C。考查介词。句意:不要摘花园里的花好吗?它们是供大家欣赏的。for表示目的,意思是“为了”,for enjoyment意为“为了寻求乐趣”。例如:We work in the garden for enjoyment.我们为寻求乐趣而在花园里劳作。,11.(2010四川5)Tired,Jim was fast asleep with his ba
8、ck _ a big tree.A.in B.below C.beside D.against【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:由于累了,吉姆背倚着大树,很快就睡着了。against此处意为:“倚着,靠着”;below“在的下方”;beside“在的旁边”;in“在的里面”或“(时间)在之后”。,介词与动词、形容词、名词的常用搭配1.(2012全国卷16)100 is the temperature _ which water will boil.A.for B.at C.on D.of,【解析】选B。考查介词。句意:100摄氏度是水沸腾的温度。该空后面是由which引导的定语从句。此时,介词的判
9、断原则是看介词与先行词之间的关系。把句子分解开来可以得到100 is the temperature and at this temperature water will boil.。故选B。,2.(2012安徽25)You can change your job,you can move house,but friendship is meant to be _ life.A.of B.on C.to D.for【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:你可以改变工作,你也可以搬家,但是友谊是终生不变的。of life 意为“对于生命”;on life意为“有关生命”;to life 意为“给生命”;f
10、or life=for the rest of ones life,意为“终生的”。,3.(2011浙江5)I always wanted to do the job which Id been trained _.A.on B.for C.by D.of【解析】选B。考查介词。句意:我一直想做我曾经受过培训的工作。“be trained for.”表示“为了接受培训”,故B项正确。,4.(2011天津11)He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjects.A.below B.of C.on D.above【解析】选D。考查
11、介词。句意:他是一个好学生,在大部分科目上得分都高出平均分。below average“低于平均分”;on average“平均”;above average“高于平均分”,above在此处表示“超出,超过”。根据句意选D。,5.(2011上海25)Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you _ the tough years.A.through B.up C.with D.from【解析】选A。考查介词。句意:毕业典礼是感谢曾经帮助你走过艰难岁月的人的好时刻。help sb.through sth.帮助某人走过某段
12、时期(尤指艰难的时期),through表示“度过,经历过”;help sb.up把某人扶起来;help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事;from来自,自以来。由句意和这几个介词的意义可知选A。,6.(2011安徽25)Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek _ food safety problems.A.in B.to C.on D.after【解析】选B。考查介词。句意:有时不难找到解决食品安全问题的适宜办法。此句中主语为answers,意为“解决办法”,作此意时后跟介词to或towards,故选B项。,7.(2011北京35)Wi
13、th new technology,pictures of underwater valleys can be taken _ color.A.by B.for C.with D.in【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:用新的科技,海底山谷能被拍下彩色照片。by多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前,如by hand等;with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前,其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰,如with a spade,with our eyes等;in表示使用语言、原料、材料等,如in English。故D项正确。,8.(2010辽宁31)I agree to his suggestion _ the
14、 condition that he drops all charges.A.by B.in C.on D.to【解析】选C。考查固定用法。句意:我同意他的提议,条件是他放弃所有指控。on the condition that与连词if同义,表示“条件是,以为条件”,后接条件状语从句。根据句意选C项。,9.(2010天津13)My father warned me _ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.A.by B.on C.for D.against【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:我父亲警告我不要去西海岸,
15、因为那里挤满了游客。句中谓语动词warned和介词against搭配,构成warn sb.against doing sth.相当于warn sb.not to do sth.,意思是“警告某人不要干某事”,固定搭配,故选D。,介词短语1.(2012湖北25)The furniture,with its modern style and bright colors,suits modern houses and their gardens,but looks _ in the garden of a traditional home.A.out of question B.out of ord
16、erC.out of sight D.out of place,【解析】选D。考查介词短语辨析。句意:有着现代风格的色彩鲜艳的家居适合现代的房屋和花园,但是放在传统风格的花园里看起来就格格不入。out of question不成问题,无疑的;out of order出故障,秩序混乱;out of sight看不见,在视野之外;out of place不得其所的,不适当的,格格不入的。信息词but告诉我们正确选项应该表示“不合适的,格格不入的”。,2.(2012福建26)China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals _ all its
17、 citizens.A.in charge of B.for the purpose ofC.in honor of D.for the benefit of【解析】选D。考查介词短语。句意:为了惠及全民,中国一直在推动公共医疗改革。in charge of负责,管理;for the purpose of为了的目的;in honor of纪念;for the benefit of为了的好处。故选D。,3.(2012浙江14)Brown said he was by no means annoyed;_,he was glad to be able to make himself clearly
18、 understood.A.all in all B.for one thingC.on the contrary D.by the way【解析】选C。考查固定短语辨析。句意:布朗说他绝不生气;相反,他很高兴能使别人清楚地了解他自己。all in all总而言之;for one thing一则;on the contrary正相反,相反地;by the way顺便说,顺便提一下。,4.(2012江苏29)Thank God,youre safe!I stepped back,just _ to avoid the racing car.A.in time B.in caseC.in need
19、 D.in vain【解析】选A。考查介词短语。句意:谢天谢地,你安然无恙!我退回去了,恰好及时避开了飞驰的汽车。A项表示“及时”;B项表示“以防万一”;C项表示“需要”;D项表示“徒劳地”。,5.(2012江西34)He seems to be giving the impression that he didnt enjoy himself in Paris._,he had a wonderful time.A.Above all B.Whats moreC.As a result D.On the contrary【解析】选D。考查固定短语辨析。句意:他看起来给人的印象是他在巴黎过得不
20、愉快。相反,他度过了一段美好时光。A项意为“首要的是”;B项意为“另外”;C项意为“结果是”;D项意为“相反”。,6.(2011新课标全国卷30)The form cannot be signed by anyone _ yourself.A.rather than B.other thanC.more than D.better than【解析】选B。考查介词短语。句意:这个表格除了你自己外其他人都不能签名。rather than“不是”;other than“除了”,相当于except,符合句意;more than“多于,不仅仅”;better than“胜过”。,7.(2011江苏32)
21、Wed better discuss everything _before we work out the plan.A.in detail B.in generalC.on purpose D.on time【解析】选A。考查介词短语辨析。句意:我们最好在制订计划之前详细地讨论一切事情。in detail详细地;in general一般来说,大体上;on purpose故意地;on time按时。,8.(2011福建22)_ good service,the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.A.Fa
22、r from B.Apart fromC.Instead of D.Regardless of【解析】选B。考查介词短语辨析。句意:除了好的服务,这家饭店还提供各种各样的传统的福建菜。far from远非,远不如;apart from除之外;instead of代替,而不是;regardless of不管,不顾。根据句意选B。,9.(2011湖北30)When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster,many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ younger men.A.in
23、terms of B.in need of C.in favor of D.in praise of【解析】选C。考查介词短语辨析。句意:当被问及对于校长的意见时,许多老师希望他能让位给更年轻的人。in terms of 依据,按照;in need of 需要;in favor of赞成;支持;in praise of称赞;赞颂。根据句意选择C项。,10.(2010浙江7)I guess weve already talked about this before but Ill ask you again just _.A.by nature B.in returnC.in case D.by
24、 chance【解析】选C。考查介词短语。句意:我想我们之前已经谈过这件事了,但是为了以防万一,我再问你一次。四个选项中,by nature意为“天生”,in return意思是“回报,作为交换”,in case是“万一,以防”的意思,by chance 意为“偶然地”。根据句意,此处ask you again 的原因应该是“以防万一”,故选C项。,11.(2010福建27)More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities _ space.A.in search of B.in place ofC.for lack
25、of D.for fear of【解析】选C。考查介词短语。句意:因为缺少空间,越来越多的高层建筑在城市中被建造。in search of意为“寻找”;in place of意为“代替,替代”;for lack of意为“由于缺乏”;for fear of 意为“担心,害怕”。由句意可知,选C项。,12.(2010江西29)We give dogs time,space and love we can spare,and _,dogs give us their all.A.in all B.in fact C.in short D.in return【解析】选D。考查介词短语。句意:我们抽出
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