翻译理论与实践教案.doc
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1、襄樊学院外国语学院课程大纲及教案专业名称: 英语专业 课程名称: 翻译理论与实践 主导教材:冯庆华实用翻译教程 (英汉互译) 所属课程团队: 翻 译 团 队 课程负责人: 王 林 适用年级: 英语专业本科三年级 翻译理论与实践课程大纲一、课程概况课程名称:翻译课程类别:专业核心课 课程编号:080301z403学 分:2 学 时:36 开课学期: 5、6二、课程教学目标和要求1、教学目标通过本课程教学,使学生掌握初步的翻译理论知识、熟知并能够运用基本的翻译技巧、翻译方法和翻译策略进行英汉互译实践,达到高等学校英语专业教学大纲对其翻译能力的基本要求,译文忠实、通顺。通过该课程学习,学生可胜任未来
2、的中学英语教学并能够在外事、外贸等领域从事翻译工作。2、课程要求本课程为专业核心课程,分为英译汉和汉译英两部分。为达到课程教学的目的,采用讲解练习相结合、课堂陈述和讨论相结合的方式,老师每周布置一定的翻译练习和资料查找任务要求学生按时完成,并积极参与课堂讨论和资源共享。三、教学内容与教学安排1、教学内容要点本课程教学将翻译理论与实践相结合,以实践练习为主,理论讲解为辅,重点是翻译技巧、翻译策略和方法的介绍与翻译练习的讨论和讲解,翻译内容涉及应用文体、小说、诗歌等各类文体、各个领域的文本类型。课程安排按照讲练结合的原则展开,帮助学生有步骤有针对性地训练翻译的基本技能。通过大量的练习和讲评,强化学
3、生对不同文本语体特点和翻译原则的认识,为其将来从事翻译工作或运用英语进行跨文化交际打下坚实的基础。2、教学安排本课程教学依据教学大纲,安排在本科三年级上、下两学期进行,共计68学时,其中36学时为英译汉,32学时为汉译英,每周2学时。教学计划允许授课教师在具体操作中有一定的灵活度,但至少应包含以下3部分的主题内容:1) 翻译概述(含翻译的标准、原则、过程、中外翻译简史及翻译名家的主要观点等);2) 翻译技巧讲练(介绍主要的英汉互译技巧,结合学生的练笔进行讲评);3) 多视角的翻译实践与研究(不同领域的翻译实践及其操作原则与技巧,如外来词翻译、报刊标题及新闻翻译、旅游翻译、科技翻译、广告翻译、文
4、化与翻译等;在实践的基础上开始涉猎翻译的前沿理论,提高学生对翻译的理性认识,目的在于训练其解决问题的探索能力,为其将来从事翻译实践或理论研究开辟一个窗口)。四、教材及主要参考资料教材:冯庆华:实用翻译教程(英汉互译) ,上海外语教育出版社,2002年版陈宏薇:新实用汉译英教程,湖北教育出版社,2000年版主要参考资料:Newmark, P. A Textbook of Translation. Shanghai: SFLEP, 2001.Nida, E. A. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanghai: SFLEP, 1993.Nida, E.
5、A. Language and Culture: Contexts in Translating. Shanghai: SFLEP, 2001.张培基:英汉翻译教程,上海外语教育出版社1980年版五、作业与考核方式作业:各种文本类型的翻译练习;主要翻译理论和重要翻译概念的资料查找和课堂陈述。考核方式:课程考核以平时作业和期末开卷考试相结合的方式,考核成绩由平时作业成绩(40%)和期末考试卷面成绩(60%)组成。Teaching Plan for Translation (1)#Title of Lesson: A Brief Introduction to Translation Week 1
6、 #Time Needed:Two periods(40 minutes per period)#Teaching Objectives:1 Help the students achieve a basic understanding of translation: its nature, classification, evaluation criteria, the role of translator, etc.2 Briefly introduce to the students the development of translation in China.#Key Teachin
7、g Points:1 The nature and evaluation criteria of translation.2 The difficulties involved in translating process.#Teaching Contents:I. Discussion:l What is translation?l What is a successful translation?l What difficulties might occur in translating process?A. What is translation?1. Key words:source
8、language(SL) / receptor language / target language(TL); reproduce; message / information; equivalence / correspondence 2. Nature of translation (Eugene A. Nida): Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms
9、 of meaning and secondly in terms of style.3. Classification of translation:a. Oral interpretation / written translationb. Human translation / machine translationc. Literary / scientific / political / commercial translationd. Domestication (naturalization) / foreignization (estrangement, alienation)
10、e. Literal translation / free translationB. What is a successful translation?1. 严复:信、达、雅 (faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance)2. 傅雷:以效果而论,翻译应当象临画一样,所求的不在形似而在神似3. 钱钟书:诱、讹、化4. Eugene A. Nida: natural / close; dynamic/functional equivalenceC. What difficulties might occur in translating process?1. L
11、anguage / Cultural BarriersTranslatability is lower when (1) the work to be translated is quite distant both in time and space; (2) its form is very much unique; (3) the content is not shared in the two cultures. Betrayal: Loss / Distortion2. Example analysis:a. 东边日出西边雨,道是无晴却有晴。b. 纵一苇之所如,凌万顷之茫然c. Th
12、e whole sky spangled gay twinkling stars, and the Milky Way is as distinct as though it had been washed and rubbed with snow for holiday.整个天空点缀着繁星,快活地眨着眼。天河那么清楚地显现出来,就好像有人在过节以前用雪把它擦洗过似的。d. He made you a highway to my bed; But I, a maid, die maiden-widowed. Romeo and Juliet译文1:他要借你做牵引相思的桥梁 可是我却要做一个独守
13、空闺的怨女而死去。译文2:他本要借你做捷径,登上我的床; 可怜我这处女,活守寡,到死是处女。3. In the long run there is a tendency: translation itself can convert intranslatability into translatability.e.g. crocodiles tears; science / democracyII. The Role of Translator:The craft of translator is deeply ambivalent; it is exercised in a radical
14、tension between impulses to facsimile and impulses to appropriate recreation. George Steiner译者的技艺是一个深刻的矛盾体。这种技艺是在两种冲动的极度张力之间形成的:一方面是依样画葫芦的冲动,另一方面又有适当再创作的冲动。A. Metaphors for translator:1. A courier of the human spirits (普希金)2. A sculptor who tries to recreate a work of painting3. A straitjacketed dan
15、cer4. A musician / an actor5. Traduttori-traditori (Translators are traitors.)B. Responsibility of translator:1. Competent linguistic ability & bicultural knowledge2. Being as transparent as possible3. Being a good negotiatorIII. The Development of Translation in China:翻译史上的三个高峰期:1. 汉至唐宋佛经的转译:支谦;鸠摩罗
16、什;道安;玄奘 2. 明清以后西欧科技文化的引进:徐光启;严复;林纾;(译才并世数严林康有为)3. 五四之后的现代阶段:郭沫若;鲁迅;瞿秋白;傅雷;钱钟书IV. Homework:People will be amazed by her stunning beauty at the first sight. Simple as she is, nature endows her with an inherent attractiveness, which is polished and brought out by sophisticated modern technology and sup
17、erlative craftsmanship. In this way, innovation sustains the natures art of creation while ingenuity whets peoples desire. Reference translation:她的美,令人一见惊艳。她原本生来资质俏丽,再加上现代科技的修饰及极品手艺的打造。如此一来,她既有天生的美感,又有人工的魅惑。#Title of Lesson: Contrast between English and Chinese (1) Week 2 #Time Needed:Two periods(40
18、 minutes per period)#Teaching objectives:1 Introduce to the students some basic differences between English and Chinese.2 Briefly analyze the influence of these differences on translating.#Key Teaching Points:The difference of language embodies the difference in thinking styles.#Difficult Teaching P
19、oints:The embodiment of different syntactic features in translating process#Teaching Contents:I. Thinking Style and DictionA. Insubstantial(虚)vs. Substantial(实)1. Embodimente.g. In this new year, we face momentous uncertainties: war (or wars), a weak economy.译:这新的一年里,我们面临着战争(乃至连续的战争)、经济低迷等一系列重大的不确定因
20、素。2. Visualizatione.g. utterly quiet鸦雀无声e.g. In 1966 the North Korean team made it to the quarter finals.译:1966年,北朝鲜队成功地踢进了四分之一决赛。B. Static(静)vs. Dynamic(动)Examples:1) Compare the following two sentences and decide which one is better: a) The pop star appeared on the stage, which caused the audience
21、 to stand up and applaud. b) The pop stars presence on the stage brought the audience to their feet in applause.2) Translate the following sentence:They are the employers of managers as much as they are the employers of workpeople. 译:他们不仅雇佣工人也雇佣经理。II. Thinking Style and SyntaxA. Hypotaxis(从属结构)vs. P
22、arataxis(并列结构)e.g. It is a pity, however, that Dr. Thomas seems not to have learned the real lesson that history offers us namely, that the “great breakthroughs” in any technology are always preceded by a radical change in how we view ourselves, and how we behave. (流水句)译:在任何技术取得“重大突破”之前,我们的行为和对自己的看法
23、都会发生剧变这便是历史给我们的教训。遗憾的是,托马斯大夫似乎并未真正理解这一点。 (竹节句)B. Impersonal vs. Personal1. Inanimate noun (无灵名词) as subjecte.g. Doubts began to creep into peoples minds about the likely success of the project.译:人们渐渐对这项计划成功的可能性产生了怀疑。2. Preparatory word: ite.g. It hurts! (“it”: unspecified word 虚义词) 好疼!e.g. It just s
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