无桥PFC拓扑结构及控制策略研究(可编辑).doc
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1、无桥PFC拓扑结构及控制策略研究 博士学位论文无桥 PFC 拓扑结构及控制策略研究 RESEARCH ON TOPOLOGY AND CONTROL STRATEGY OF BRIDGELESS PFC刘桂花 2009年6月 国内图书分类号:TM44 学校代码:10213 国际图书分类号:621.314 密级:公开 工学博士学位论文无桥PFC拓扑结构及控制策略研究 博士研究生:刘桂花 导 师:王 卫 教授 申请学位:工学博士 学科:电力电子与电力传动 所 在 单 位:电气工程及自动化学院 答 辩 日 期:2009年6月 授予学位单位:哈尔滨工业大学Classified Index: TM44
2、U.D.C.: 621.314Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree in EngineeringRESEARCH ON TOPOLOGY AND CONTROL STRATEGY OF BRIDGELESS PFCCandidate: Liu Guihua Supervisor: Prof. Wang Wei Academic Degree Applied for: Doctor of Engineering Speciality: Power Electronics and Electric Drive School of Electric Enginee
3、ring & Affiliation: Automation Date of Defence: June, 2009 Degree-Conferring-Institution: Harbin Institute of Technology摘 要 摘 要 随着能源危机和全球环境的持续恶化,节能减排和保护环境成为维持经济和社会可持续发展的一件大事。许多国家和国际组织纷纷推出各项节能环保标准和规范对现有电源系统提出种种要求,其中欧洲 IEC555 管理条例规定,功率超过 75W 的产品需要增加功率因数校正(PFC)功能。在用电设备中采用 PFC技术不仅可以提高功率因数、降低对电网的谐波污染、提高电
4、源利用率,同时可以使产品满足各种标准要求。 在目前采用 PFC 技术的各种电源和用电设备中,多数采用整流桥首先将交流电转化成直流电,再经过 PFC 环节实现功率因数校正功能。随着功率等级的提高,整流桥的损耗在整个功率级损耗中占很大比重,因此采用不带整流桥的无桥 PFC 拓扑结构对提高系统的整体效率具有重要作用。无桥 PFC 作为一种高效率的拓扑结构,引起人们的广泛关注,本文将从拓扑结构和控制策略两个主要方面对其进行研究,并将新型无桥 PFC 拓扑结构和控制方法应用到变频空调系统中加以验证和分析。 无桥 PFC 昀先出现在 Boost 电路中,本文首先分析了目前出现的无桥 Boost PFC 拓
5、扑结构,在此基础上设计了一种电流采样简单、电磁干扰噪声小、通态损耗低的改进型无桥 Boost PFC,并采用平均电流和单周期两种控制策略,对改进型电路结构进行了对比分析和实验验证。将无桥设计思路进一步推广到具有升降压功能的 PFC 变换器中,提出一种新颖的级联式无桥 Buck-Boost PFC 拓扑结构,与传统单开关 Buck-Boost PFC 相比,这种新型拓扑结构能解决开关应力过高的问题,与传统级联式 Buck-Boost PFC 相比,无桥结构能降低通态损耗提高效率。 与模拟控制相比,数字控制具有电路结构简单、元器件少、对外部干扰不敏感、适应性强、容易实现系统升级等优点。本文对无桥
6、Boost PFC 功率级传递函数和频域设计方法进行研究,建立无桥 Boost PFC 的通用电路模型,为电路理论分析和参数设计提供依据。同时对控制过程中的占空比约束关系进行推导和分析,结合运动控制芯片 IRMCF343,提出一种运算量小、适用于低成本数字控制芯片的占空比预测算法,该算法主要用来改善电流环节的控制性能,与目前常用的平均电流控制相比它运算量小,同时具有更快的输入电压和电流跟踪能力。 在 PFC 控制策略中,通常需要电压环来稳定输出电压,该环节中的低通滤- I - 哈尔滨工业大学工学博士学位论文 波器虽然能衰减输出电压纹波,却降低了系统对负载变化的动态响应能力。在负载经常快速变化的
7、应用场合(如变频空调压缩机负载),电压环带宽不够会导致输出直流母线电压长时间大幅度波动,这不仅使系统控制性能下降,同时对负载也是一种危害。本文结合 IRMCF343,在占空比预测算法的基础上对电压环进行改善,提出一种快速动态响应数字 PFC 算法,该算法无需增加外围硬件电路,只需在原来数字算法基础上增加一个补偿环节就能实现低输入电流畸变和快速动态响应的统一。 无桥 PFC 作为一种高效率的拓扑结构,虽然引起包括各空调厂家的广泛关注,但到目前为止市场上还没有任何一款关于无桥 PFC 的空调产品,也没有针对无桥 PFC 和传统 PFC 在空调中的系统对比分析。本文设计了基于传统 PFC 和无桥 P
8、FC 的空调外机实验平台,同时利用所提出的新型算法,从功率因数、效率、谐波电流、电磁干扰和成本 5 个方面对两种 PFC 拓扑结构在变频空调中的应用情况进行系统对比分析。关键词:无桥 PFC;拓扑结构;控制策略;效率;变频空调- II - Abstract Abstract With energy crisis and continued deterioration of global environment, energy-saving, pollutant reduction and environmental protection have become major events to
9、maintain sustainable economic and social development. Many countries and international organizations have promulgated various energy-saving and environmental protection standards and norms for existing power system, and the Europe IEC555 regulation demands that more than 75W products need to add pow
10、er factor correction PFC function. Using PFC technology in electric equipment can increase power factor, reduce harmonic pollution on grid, improve power utilization and make products to satisfy international and national standardsIn power supply and electrical equipment, rectifier bridge is commonl
11、y used to exchange AC into DC, and then PFC stage realizes power factor correction functionWith power levels improving, the loss of bridge rectifier occupies a large proportion in the whole power stage loss, so using bridgeless PFC topology has an important meaning to improve the overall system effi
12、ciency. As a high efficiency PFC topology, bridgeless PFC attracted widespread attention. This dissertation will research on bridgeless PFC topology and control strategy, and the proposed novel bridgeless PFC topology and control strategy will be used in variable frequency air-conditioning system to
13、 verify the effectBridgeless PFC is firstly proposed in Boost circuit. Based on analyzing arisen bridgeless Boost PFC topologies, this dissertation designs an improved bridgeless Boost PFC with simple current sensing circuit, low conduction loss and small electromagnetic interference noise. The prop
14、osed PFC is made comparison analysis and experimental validation with average current control and one-cycle control strategies. According to the same bridgeless design concept, a novel cascade bridgeless Buck-Boost PFC topology is proposed. Comparison with conventional cascaded Buck-Boost PFC, the n
15、ovel topology can improve efficiency and reduce lossAt the same time, it can solve the problem of high switching stress comparing with conventional single-switch Buck-Boost PFCComparison with analog control, digital control has advantages such as simple circuit, less components, none sensitive to ex
16、ternal interference, good adaptability, easy system upgrade and etc. This dissertation studies the power stage transfer function and frequency domain design method of bridgeless Boost PFC, and deduces the generic models for circuit theory analysis and parameter design. At the same time, duty cycle c
17、onstraint relationship is deduced and analyzed. Combination with motion - III - 哈尔滨工业大学工学博士学位论文 control chip IRMCF343, a duty cycle prediction algorithm with low cost and small computation is proposed. The proposed algorithm is mainly used to improve the control performance of current loop, and it h
18、as less computation and more fast tracing speed of input voltage and current comparing with average current controlIn PFC control strategies, voltage loop with low-pass filter is commonly used to stabilize output voltage. Though low-pass filter can attenuate output voltage harmonics, it reduces syst
19、em dynamic response capability during load changes. In rapidly changing load application such as compressor load in variable-frequency air- conditioning, narrow voltage loop bandwidth will lead to large fluctuations in output voltage with a long time, and it decreases the system performance and caus
20、es load damage. With control chip IRMCF343, this dissertation proposes a novel fast dynamic response algorithm based on duty cycle prediction algorithm. Without adding auxiliary circuit, the proposed algorithm can realize functions of low intput current distortion and fast dynamic responseAs a high
21、efficiency topology, bridgeless PFC causes a wide attention including air-conditioning manufacturers. But so far, air-conditioning product with bridgeless PFC technology hasnt appeared in the market. And there is no system comparative analysis for bridgeless PFC and conventional PFC in air-condition
22、ing system. This dissertation designs two experimental platforms of outdoor units based on conventional PFC and bridgeless PFC. With the proposed novel algorithms, power factor, efficiency, harmonic currents, electromagnetic interference and cost are made comparative analysis for the two PFC topolog
23、ies in variable frequency air-conditioning system Keywords :Bridgeless PFC, Topology, control strategy, Efficiency, Variable frequency air-conditioning - IV - 目录 目 录 摘 要 I Abstract III第 1 章 绪论. 1 1.1 课题背景及研究意义. 1 1.2 PFC 技术研究现状2 1.3 无桥 PFC 技术研究现状综述 4 1.3.1 无桥 PFC 拓扑结构的研究 4 1.3.2 无桥 PFC 控制策略的研究 8 1.3
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