工商管理毕业论文企业竞争力评价研究37921.doc
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1、 网络与继续教育学院毕 业 论 文 论文题目: 企业竞争力评价研究 学 校: 武汉理工大学 专 业: 工商管理学 姓 名: 许立新 指导老师: 秦丽华老师 完成时间: 2014年2月20日 目 录摘 要7Abstract 9引言11第一章 竞争、竞争力与企业竞争力141.1 竞争与竞争力141.2企业竞争力范畴的界定141.2.1企业竞争力的内涵及特征141.2.2企业竞争力的层次分析16第二章 企业竞争力的来源172.1波特的竞争优势理论182.1.1波特竞争力来源的思想182.1.2波特竞争力思想评价192.2企业核心能力理论192.2.1企业核心能力理论的主要观点192.2.2企业核心能
2、力理论评价202.3企业竞争力的来源分析202.3.1企业竞争力的来源界定202.3.2企业竞争力的决定因素21第三章 企业竞争力指标体系研究243.1企业竞争力评价指标体系设计的原则243.2企业竞争力评价指标体系的设计243.2.1显性竞争力指标的设计243.2.2潜在竞争力指标的设计25第四章 企业竞争力评价方法研究264.1企业竞争力评价方法的探讨284.2熵权法294.2.1熵权法的基本原理294.2.2基于熵权法的综合评价294.3加权平方和法29第五章 企业竞争力评价的实证分析305.1研究样本及数据的处理305.2目标评价企业的竞争力状况分析30注释32参考文献 34结束语36
3、摘 要经过20多年的改革开放,中国经济的市场化程度日益深化,竞争日益成为企业生存和发展的主体环境;竞争力日益成为企业生存和发展的基础和前提。尤其是加入WTO后,我国企业在与国内企业竞争的同时,还面临着国际实力强大企业的挑战。而当前我国企业竞争能力虽已有较大提高,但总体说来仍相对薄弱。来自企业的信息反馈中,最为困扰企业,也是企业最想获得的就是竞争力。在这种态势下,定位于企业竞争力评价,准确地界定企业竞争力,探讨企业竞争力的来源,构建切实可行的企业竞争力评价指标体系和评价方法,对于我国企业改善管理工作、提高自身竞争能力具有十分重大的现实意义。企业竞争力评价研究需要一个较为完善的理论体系框架。而当前
4、较多学者的研究注重子企业竞争力评价指标体系的探讨,从企业竞争力理论、评价指标体系、评价方法三方面进行系统综合研究的尚不多见。即便有少量对企业竞争力评价方法的研究,也呈现出两类较为极端的现象:或者过于简单,主观性强:或者需要比较艰深的数学知识,可行性较差。鉴于以上原因,本文以企业竞争力评价为研究课题,遵循企业竞争力理论探讨评价指标体系设置评价方法研究评价的实证分析这一逻辑思路,将科学的数量经济学、统计学方法引入企业竞争力评价中,对企业竞争力评价展开系统综合研究。本文内容共分5部分,结构如下:1竞争、竞争力与企业竞争力研究企业竞争力评价首先要对企业竞争力的内涵有个清楚的认识。本章首先界定竞争、竞争
5、力的内涵和本质;然后在借鉴国内外学者对企业竞争力定义的基础上,根据本研究的定位和目的,提出企业竞争力的含义,并进一步分析企业竞争力的四个基本特征;最后对企业竞争力的层次进行分析,提出企业竞争力应分为显性竞争力和潜在竞争力两个层次。这种对企业竞争力层次的清楚的逻辑划分,为下文全面评价企业竞争力提供了理论指导。2企业竞争力的来源探讨企业竞争力的来源,研究哪些因素决定着企业竞争力,是勾勒企业潜在竞争力的前提,也是研究企业竞争力评价的前提。本章在对波特竞争优势理论和企业核心能力理论关于企业竞争力来源的思想分析基础上,从企业竞争行为实际出发,提出企业管理、技术创新、人力资本、企业文化这四个要素最终决定企
6、业竞争力,并对这四个要素如何作用于企业竞争力进行了深入的分析。3企业竞争力指标体系研究本章首先提出企业竞争力评价指标体系设计应遵循四个基本原则:目的性、全面性、可行性、通用性和发展性相结合。在以上原则指导下,根据企业竞争力评价应从显性竞争力评价和潜在竞争力评价两方面展开的思想,分别设计了显性竞争力指标和潜在竞争力指标。4企业竞争力评价方法研究这章是本文的重点。企业竞争力的评价需要借助科学合理、切实可行的评价方法。本章在对现有企业竞争力评价方法探讨的基础上,提出采用主成分分析法、熵权法、加权平方和法这三种客观赋权法对企业竞争力进行评价i同时为使评价结果更加客观、科学,笔者建议综合运用上述方法的评
7、价结果。之后,文中详尽地阐述了主成分分析法、熵权法、加权平方和法的基本原理和具体操作,并对三种方法的优缺点进行了分析。最后,笔者阐述利用KENDALL一致性检验法综合运用三种方法的评价结果。文中创建的这一套科学、客观、可操作性强的企业竞争力评价方法体系,对企业竞争力评价的实践具有一定的指导作用。5企业竞争力评价的实证分析本章首先介绍实证分析所采用的研究样本以及原始数据处理的方法。其后,分别运用主成分分析法、熵权法、加权平方和法对国内同行业十五家企业的竞争力进行了综合评价,并采用KENDALL致性检验法对三种方法所得的评价结果进行了检验,得出三种方法的评价结果具有一致性。在此基础上,综合三种方法
8、的评价结果,得到企业竞争力最后的评价结果。接着笔者采用聚类分析对被评价企业的竞争力状况进行分类,分类结果与竞争力最后的评价结果高度一致,从而验证了本文提出的企业竞争力评价方法体系的可靠性。最后,根据上述实证分析结果及竞争力数据,笔者对目标评价企业的竞争力状况进行了个寨分析。提出了提升该企业竞争能力的几点措施关键词:企业竞争力 指标体系 综合评价方法 实证分析AbstractThrough the Reformation and Opening that has passed by more than 20 years,the marketing degree of Chinese econom
9、y has increasingly deepenedCompetition increasingly becomes the corpus environment for enterprise to exist and develop;Competitiveness increasingly becomes the foundation and premise for enterprise to exist and developParticularly since China joined the WTO,Chinese enterprises have not only faced th
10、e competition with local enterprises,but also faced the challenge of the international enterprisesAlthough the competitiveness of our enterprises has already had a big exaltation,totally speaking,it is still weakIn the information back from enterprises,lack of enterprise competitiveness is the most
11、puzzling thingUnder this kind of situation,it has important realistic meaning for our enterprises to improve management work and increase theirs competitiveness,which we accurately define enterprise competitiveness,study on the source of enterprise competitiveness,set up viable index system to appra
12、ise enterprise competitiveness,explore methods to appraise enterprise competitivenessStudying on the appraisal of enterprise competitiveness needs a perfect theory system frameBut now many scholars stay around setting up the appraisal index system of enterprise competitivenessIt is not much seen tha
13、t people synthetically study this subject from that three aspects,which contains the theories of enterprise competitiveness,the appraisal index system and appraisal methodsAt the same time,the appraisal methods are simple,or need to use deep mathematics knowledge,which results in difficulty of actua
14、l applicationOwing to the above reasons,this text study on the appraisal of enterprise competitivenessWe follow this logic way of thinking,which research from the theories of enterprise competitiveness,to the appraisal index system,to the appraisal methods and to empirical researchWe introduce some
15、scientific methods into the appraisal of enterprise competitiveness There are five parts in the whole article,as following:1Competition,Competitiveness and Enterprise CompetitivenessResearch on the appraisal of enterprise competitiveness firstly needs a distinct recognition of enterprise competitive
16、nessFirstly we define competition and competitiveness,and innate theirs characterThen,according to the research purpose,drawing lessons from the definition of enterprise competitiveness by domestic and international scholars,we bring up the meaning of enterprise competitiveness.Finally,we proceed to
17、 analyze characteristics of enterprise competitiveness and bring up that it should been divided into two levels:apparent competitiveness and latent competitivenessThis division for enterprises competitiveness provides theoretical direction for the appraisal of enterprise competitiveness2The Source o
18、f Enterprise CompetitivenessIt is the premise of delineating latent competitiveness and studying the appraisal of enterprise competitiveness,which we research on the source of enterprise competitiveness and which factors decide enterprise competitivenessBased on the source analysis of enterprise com
19、petitiveness by Porters Competitive Advantage theory and the Core Competence theory,We bring up the Source of enterprise competitivenessWe think that four factors decide enterprise competitiveness,which are management,technique innovation,manpower capital and enterprise culturesThen we continue to a
20、nalyze how these factors affect enterprise competitiveness3Research on the Appraisal Index System of Enterprise CompetitivenessAt first,we bring up that we should follow four basic principles in setting up appraisal index system of enterprise competitivenessAccording to these principles and the thou
21、ght that the appraisal of enterprise competitiveness should contain the appraisal of apparent competitiveness and latent competition,we respectively design indexes of apparent competitiveness and latent competitiveness4Research on the Appraisal Methods of Enterprise CompetitivenessThis chapter is th
22、e key part of the whole textThe appraisal of enterprise competitiveness needs some reasonable and viable methodsWe put forward adopting three appraisal methods,which are principal component analysis&information entropy method and weighted square sum methodThen we introduce basic principles and opera
23、tion of these methods and point out theirs advantage and disadvantageFinally we suggest using KENDALL consistency exam to synthetically make use of the appraisal results of these three methods5Empirical Research on the Appraisal of Enterprise CompetitivenessAt fast,we introduce research sample and m
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