外文资料翻译 《面向农村专业合作社的区域物流信息系统研究》.doc
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1、Traceability as part of competitive strategy in the fruit supply chainAbstractPurpose The paper aims to focus on traceability as part of information management in the fruit supply chains of Emilia-Romagna, Italy. A review of the rules in use for traceability distinguishes between baseline traceabili
2、ty and traceability plus (T ), which encompasses many further embedded value attributes.Design/methodology/approach The paper takes the form of a qualitative study involving in-depth interviews with key informants in the Italian fresh produce chain.Findings Findings are discussed in terms of differe
3、nt themes including identication of three distinct types of supply chains and the impact upon them and categorisation of traceability systems across the different chains. Identied are the impact of information systems management; purchasing management; product management transaction costs; and co-or
4、dination issues.Research limitations/implications The studys ndings are based on Italian fresh produce traceability context only.Practical implications Elements of competitive strategy are considered in the analysis of fruit supply chains of Emilia-Romagna, to demonstrate that not only strategic, bu
5、t also operative choices determine the way a single rm or supply network manages traceability and information issues. Applications of such elements to buyer and seller selection as well as to competing retailers of the fruit supply chain, verify the hypothesis.Originality/value The paper adds to the
6、 body of knowledge surrounding prior studies on the development of traceability systems and develops further the analysis of legal and value-adding dimensions of traceability.Keywords Information control, Fruits, Supply chain managementPaper type Research paperIntroductionA plurality of legal system
7、s refer to traceability issues: statutory law, voluntary standards and contractual agreements and rm strategies. The basic interpretation of traceability derives from the statutory denition, while a number of enhanced versions of traceability are adopted on a voluntary basis, which in this paper we
8、call here traceability “plus” (T ) are put in place and communicated to consumers. We introduce this concept in the light of not only the regulatory standards, but also further traceability requirements, product quality and matters of information ow in the context of prior and appropriate studies in
9、 these areas. The focus is then shifted to the overall information ow across the supply chain. The empirical study concerns the fruit supply chain in Emilia-Romagna and is aimed at identifying different supply chain relationship management practices, including information collection and release. Iss
10、ues related either to organisational performances or to competitive advantage strategies also come into play and are discussed with key informants.The paper is organised as follows: rst, a problem statement related to legal pluralism conditions on traceability and the general assumption that traceab
11、ility is able to create value if it goes beyond statutory norms are exposed; then, the objectives, methodology and theoretical framework applied are described and the interpretation of traceability as an information management tool is discussed. Finally, the results of the analysis and some nal comm
12、ents are presented.Legal pluralism for traceability: a problem statementThe adoption of traceability systems in rms of the fruit supply chain may refer to the statutory and voluntary law in force, or to a more comprehensive idea of traceability; going beyond the legal requirements. Concerning the le
13、gal position in the European Union, the European Community regulation 178/20002 denes traceability as:The ability to trace and follow a food, feed, food-producing animal or substance intended to be, or expected to be incorporated into a food or feed, through all stages of production, processing and
14、distribution.However, a more general denition is established by ISO 9000:2000 standard whichstates that traceability is: The ability to trace the history, application or location of that which is under consideration. This is a very broad interpretation but does further contain a product related sub-
15、clause, which specically considers: “the origin of material and parts, the processing history and the distribution and location of the products after delivery. Many different authors dene traceability (and also place it in the context of legal regulation), for example, Hobbs (2004), who creates a ta
16、xonomy of traceability systems, Pouliot and Sumner (2008) establish denition in terms of the identity of the actors in the chain. Likewise Hobbs et al. (2005) consider “identity preservation” but are also concerned with quality and food assurance issues and how these impinge on consumers. Further em
17、phasis of consumer issues of traceability is to be found in Kehagia et al. (2007). In consideration of the particular requirements of the food industry, tracefood.org (n.d.) believes that traceability must be applied in the food industry “by means of recorded identications”, in which a mechanism is
18、provided to gain access to recorded data Similarly Golan et al. (2004) dene traceability as “recordkeeping systems designed to track the ow of product or product attributes through production process or supply chain”. Schiefer (2008) considers tracking and tracing capabilities, in which it is possib
19、le to identify the initial source, the actual location, or the nal destination of any product from any stage within the supply network.The above legal requirements are clear, concerning the implementation of the regulation in practice, however, Folinas et al. (2006) believe that the (EU) regulation
20、does not have a “specic methodology to be followed by all food business operators”. It is, therefore, the intention of this paper to identify traceability further, beyond legal and baseline denitions and expectations, in order to dene and use the concept from the perspective of supply network actors
21、. We call this “traceability plus”, which concerns a non-standardised concept embedded with many other product/brand attributes included in the processes of selective collection and release of information.Each rm has to put in place traceability dened by statutory law, at European, national and regi
22、onal level (e.g. EC Reg. 178/2002). In addition, there are many T implementation models, differently dened through voluntary norms (e.g. ISO 9001:2000, ISO 22000:2005, UNI 10939:2001, UNI 11020:2002, BRC, IFS), and voluntary company standards. Moreover, a rm can enrich traceability with elements bey
23、ond contractual agreements or voluntary certication. As minimum requirement of safety control systems required by law, traceability should not be communicated as a rms added-value. On the other hand, a traceability system is able to create added-value as far as it goes beyond statutory norms.Objecti
24、vesWith respect to fruit supply chains in the Emilia-Romagna Region, we hypothesise that the adoption and management of T system is part either of operational or strategic information management, thus being included in the organisational performance or in the competitive strategy of a rm or supply n
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