基于单片机的燃气泄露检测仪设计毕业设计(论文).doc
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1、基于单片机的燃气泄露检测仪设计目录设计总说明IINTRODUCTIONIII1 绪论11.1 课题背景及研究意义11.2 主要研究内容及结构安排12 燃气泄漏检测仪系统构成框图32.1 系统构成框图32.1.1 系统构成方案及论证32.1.2 系统构成框图43 燃气泄漏检测仪硬件设计53.1 MCU核心模块设计53.1.1 MSP430系列单片机发展历程53.1.2 MSP430系列单片机的应用领域53.1.3 单片机最小系统介绍63.1.4 单片机的选型93.1.5 单片机外围电路设计113.2 采集模块硬件设计113.3串口模块硬件设计133.4 双电源供电模块硬件设计153.4.1 双1
2、2V稳压电源设计153.4.2 3.3V电源设计163.5 LCD液晶显示模块设计183.6 本章小结214 燃气泄漏检测仪软件设计与实现224.1总程序流程图224.2显示模块软件设计224.3显示模块软件调试284.4 本章小结295 硬件的安装与调试305.1 PCB版的设计305.2 PCB板的调试325.3 PCB板的焊接336 结论35参考文献36附录37致谢38基于单片机的燃气泄漏检测仪设计设计总说明燃气现已成为人们生活中必不可少的能源,液化气、天然气等作为清洁能源已在工商业和城镇居民用户中得到广泛应用。但是随着燃气的广泛应用,由于燃气泄漏所引发的爆炸、中毒和火灾等事故也时有发生
3、,这在某种程度上增加了城市的不安全和不稳定因素。燃气使用单位及居民用户选择一种适合的燃气报警装置成为必要之举。基于单片机的燃气泄漏检测仪,是一种适合家庭使用的小型燃气安全防范产品。能有效避免因燃气泄露而引起的爆炸、火灾、中毒等恶性事故发生,在全世界大部分国家地区广泛应用。基于单片机的燃气泄漏检测仪是燃气领域的安全卫士,一旦发生燃气泄漏,它能及时提醒用户,避免各类中毒事故的酿成。在一些发达国家中都大力推广甚至强制安装燃气报警器,如日本东京和大阪、韩国汉城、德国汉堡等城市,目前有80以上的居民家庭安装各类基于单片机的燃气泄漏检测仪。同样,在国内一些城市,如北京、成都、哈尔滨等城市,针对燃气中毒事故
4、接二连三地发生,果断采取措施。据1998年资料显示,每年与液化石油气有关的事故仅发生75起,而城市燃气管道用户发生事故率更低,家用燃气报警器在日本发展30年来, 日本政府和生产企业大力推广报警器的使用,使燃气泄漏和爆炸等事故的事故率远远低于欧美等发达国家,基于单片机的燃气泄漏检测仪已成为家庭生活的必需品。本课题设计一款燃气泄漏检测器,监控燃气灶是否有泄漏现象,并根据燃气泄漏流量大小,当燃气泄漏值超过安全标准时,系统进行报警,显示煤气是否有异常现象,并发出同步信号控制电磁阀切断气源。本设计以功耗小的单片机为核心器件,通过采集流量脉冲信号输入给单片机,通过软件程序来判断是否在合理的流量范围之内,当
5、超出正常值时,控制单元MCU会给出相应的控制,驱动进行报警信号,同时液晶显示出当前累积流量及每个灶的开关状态。同时,本设计还会配合DTU、串口通讯模块将信息远传给上位机进行宏观控制,从根本上解决安全使用燃气的问题,有效避免因燃气泄漏造成的火灾、爆炸、窒息、死亡等恶性事故的发生。为了做到实时监控本设计采用了双电源供电,即电源与电池交替供电,并且在当电池电量不足时,本设计还能够进行欠压报警,当城市停止供电时本设计会自动跳转到电池供电从而是本设计在没电的情况下也能进行监控。另外,本设计还根据国家标准进行了防静电、防雷击、防潮、防抖动方面的考虑使本设计能够高效安全的为消费者所用。所以本设计有以下功能:
6、 采集功能:采集灶具火焰热电偶信号、燃气表脉冲信号、报警器输出信号。报警提示:有流量异常、电源欠压、浓度报警器等报警信息的声光提示。电源转换功能:采用市电供电的泄漏检测仪在市电断电时能自动转换到备用电源(内部电池)当市电恢复时能自动转换到城市供电状态。无线通信功能:能够与主站(集中器)无线通信的功能,既能够接收和回复集中器或主站发出的数据采集和参数设置命令。显示功能:显示燃气表积累流量,灶具火焰状态、火焰异常等信息。以下为本论文对本设计的具体陈述。关键词:MSP430单片机;燃气;报警;控制Design of detection instrument based on MCU gas leak
7、ageIntroduction Gas has become the people essential to life energy, liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas as a clean energy, such as in business and is widely used in urban residents users. But as the gas is widely used, due to gas leakage caused by explosion, fire and poisoning accidents also happen
8、 from time to tome, this to some extent increase the unsafe and unstable factors of the city. Gas using the units and residents the user to select a suitable gas alarm system become necessary. Gas leakage detector based on single-chip microcomputer, is a kind of suitable for family use small gas sec
9、urity products. Can effectively avoid explosion caused by gas leaks, fire, poisoning and other malignant accidents, has most of the countries and regions are widely used all over the world. Gas leakage detector based on single-chip microcomputer is the security guards of the gas field, in case of ga
10、s leakage, it can timely remind consumer to avoid all kinds of lead poisoning accident. In some developed countries are heavily promoted even mandatory gas alarm, such as Tokyo and Osaka, Seoul, South Korea, Hamburg, Germany and other cities, there are more than 80% of the households to install all
11、kinds of gas leakage detector based on single-chip microcomputer. Also, in some domestic cities such as Beijing, chengdu, Harbin and other cities, according to gas poisoning accidents occurred one after another, take decisive measures, in a couple of years ago, will be installed gas leakage alarm se
12、t forth in the form of local legislation, and the results of gas accidents declined dramatically. According to 1998 data show that every year only accident associated with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) since 75, the city gas users happen accident rate is lower, and household gas alarm system develop
13、ment for 30 years in Japan, the Japanese government and enterprises to vigorously promote the use of alarm, leakage and explosion accidents of gas accident rate is far lower than Europe and the United States and other developed countries, gas leakage detector based on single-chip microcomputer has b
14、ecome the necessities of family life.This topic design a gas leakage detector, monitor if there is a leak phenomenon kitchen burning gas, gas leak flow and according to the size, when the gas leakage value exceed safety standards, alarm system, gas according to whether there is abnormal phenomenon,
15、and the signal synchronization control solenoid valve to cut off the gas source. This design with low consumption of the microcontroller as the core device, the flow pulse signal input to MCU through gathering, through the software to determine whether or not in the range of reasonable flow, when th
16、e normal level, gives the corresponding control unit MCU control, alarm signal drive, the LCD shows the current accumulated flow rate at the same time and each focal switch state, at the same time, this design also will cooperate with DTU, serial port communication, far information module to PC for
17、macro control, fundamentally solve the problem of safe use of gas, effectively avoid fire and explosion caused by gas leakage, asphyxia and death of malignant accidents.In order to achieve real-time monitoring the design adopts the double power supply, namely alternating power supply and battery pow
18、er supply, and when the battery power is insufficient, this design can also under voltage alarm, when the city power supply this design will automatically jump to the battery power supply which is the design in the case of no electricity can also monitor. In addition, this design according to the na
19、tional standard for anti-static, lightning protection, moistureproof, jitter considerations make this design to efficient and safe for consumer use.So this design has the following functions:Sampling function: ovens, gas flame thermocouple signal table output pulse signal, alarm signal.Alarm prompt:
20、 there are abnormal traffic, power supply voltage and the concentration of the alarm sound and light alarm information such as tips.Leakage detector power supply conversion function: the mains power supply can automatically switch to the standby power supply when mains power (battery) can automatica
21、lly switch to city power supply when mains to restore state.Wireless communication function: being able to master station (concentrator) wireless communication function, can receive and reply to concentrator or a host of data acquisition and parameter setting commands.Key words: MCU; gas ; alarm; so
22、lenoid valve; draft fan1 绪论1.1 课题背景及研究意义近年来,随着生活水平的增高,全国煤气行业发展迅猛,煤气,液化气,天然气等能源已在千家万户得到了广泛的应用。燃气的普及与应用无疑对改善环境质量和提高人们的生活质量发挥了巨大的作用。然而,由于使用不当或者设备老化等原因导致的燃气泄漏引发的中毒、爆炸、火灾,时有发生,直接威胁着人们的生命安全和财产安全,及时发现可燃气体的泄漏将是安全使用可燃气体的一个重要方面。然而,一般的煤气报警器功能单一,性能稳定性差,不能很好的满足人民生活的需要,并且还会引起火灾、爆炸等灾难。而大型的监控系统价格昂贵,需专门的技术人员管理,不适合家用
23、。因此,为了既能满足人民安全的需要又能满足消费需要,需要设计一款集以上两点为一身的燃气泄漏检测仪。本燃气泄漏检测系统以单片机为核心,当燃气灶输出燃气流量超出标准,程序会判断流量是否异常,若异常检测仪将进行报警并给出相应动作并自动关闭阀门,保证了燃气使用的安全。1.2 主要研究内容及结构安排为了能在低功耗的情况下保证家用燃气的安全,将危险防患于未然,本论文主要以低功耗的MSP430系列单片机为核心,通过检测流过燃气灶中燃气的流量大小来判断流量是否正常从而判断燃气是否泄漏,若发生泄漏本设计将自动进行泄漏报警,并关闭阀门,从而保证家庭用气的安全性。本设计以低功耗的MSP30系列单片机为控制核心,配合
24、采集模块、串口传输模块、LCD显示屏模块并通过软件编程来控制不正常流量下的设备反应,增强了电路的实时监控性,很好地满足了实际要求。在本论文中首先在第一章中主要叙述了本设计的研究背景及意义、结构安排,概括的叙述了本论文的结构和研究顺序,第二章主要对本设计所采用的方法进行了比较论证,选定了方法,列出了本设计的系统框图。本论文第三章主要阐述了本设计所选系列单片机的发展历程、特点、及最小单片机系统和各个模块的硬件设计及与应用电路,具体的叙述了,采集模块、双电源模块、串口通信模块、核心控制模块、及LCD显示模块的设计方法。第四章主要讲述了本设计的软件部分包括程序流程图,及软件的与调试等。第五章主要叙述了
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