基于单片机的PLC工控模块的研究设计毕业论文.doc
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1、 基于单片机的PLC工控模块的研究设计综述可编程序控制器是在继电器控制的基础上产生的一种新型的工业控制装置。它是将微型计算机、自动化技术及通信技术融为一体,应用到工业控制领域的一种高可靠控制器。随着现代社会生产的发展和技术进步,现代工业生产自动化水平的日益提高及微电子技术的飞速发展,可编程序控制器已成为当代工业生产自动化的重要支柱,PLC 装置已成为自动化系统的基本装置。作为逻辑控制的控制器,它以其高可靠性,逻辑功能强大、体积小,可在线修程序,易于与计算机接口,能对模拟量进行控制等特点已广泛应用于各种工业生产的自动化控制领域。目前,无论是从国外引进的自动化生产线,还是自行生产设计的自动控制系统
2、;无论是新建工程项目,还是旧设备的技术改造,都可以看到PLC 的身影。作为通用工业控制计算机,30 多年来,PLC 从无到有,实现了工业控制领域接线逻辑到存储逻辑的飞跃;其功能从弱到强,实现了逻辑控制到数字控制的进步;其应用领域从小到大,实现了单体设备简单控制到胜任运动控制、过程控制及集散控制等各种任务的跨越。可编程控制器已成为工业控制领域的主流控制设备长期以来,PLC始终处于工业自动化控制领域的主战场,为各种各样的自动化控制设备提供了非常可靠的控制应用。其主要原因,在于它能够为自动化控制应用提供安全可靠和比较完善的解决方案,适合于当前工业企业对自动化的需要。另一方面,PLC还必须依靠其他新技
3、术来面对市场份额逐渐缩小所带来的冲击,尤其是工业PC所带来的冲击。PLC需要解决的问题依然是新技术的采用、系统开放性和价格。 与此同时,以单片机为核心构成的控制器以各种各样的形式渗透到人们的生产、生活、科研等各个领域,为人类带来了渗透到各个领域的“智能”。 单片机是整个智能控制器的核心,检测和控制电路是单片机的外围设备,单片机通过接口发出各种控制信息给检测电路,以规定功能、启动测量、改变工作方式等。当检测电路完成一次测量后,单片机读取测量数据,进行必要的加工、计算、变换等处理,最后以各种方式输出,例如输出给继电器、输出给系统的主控制器等。利用单片机的生产PLC工控模块,可以解决PLC工业控制上
4、的几大问题。第一,解决了PLC的开放性的难题,PLC 缺点之一就是它的软、硬件体系结构是封闭而不是开放的,如专用总线、通信网络及协议、I/O 模块更互不通用,几乎各公司的PLC 均互不兼容,同时,每一个PLC的生产厂家都有自己的PLC控制编写语言,这让可以科研人员在处理不同厂家的PLC控制器时都头痛不已,但是利用单片机生产的PLC工控板则不会遇到此类问题,由于大部分科研人员都已熟练掌握了C语言、VB等编程语言,不存在修改编写程序的障碍,因此,可以顺利的调试下位机使其达到自己的控制要求,第二,解决了PLC价格昂贵的问题,一些科研项目的建设完全没有必要采用PLC、DCS等动辄几万甚至几十万元的控制
5、系统作为一次性的试验投入,在一些小的控制项目,完全可以用基于单片机的PLC工控模块来代替,而且花费只是几百元左右。基于单片机的PLC控制器能执行逻辑控制、顺序控制、定时、记数等操作指令.与标准PLC的不同点是它属于较直视操作的PLC,一般PLC在编程时常以号码代替,单片机plc工控板则以C语言或汇编语言进行编程方式导。单片机plc工控板功能强大,可取代复杂的继电器组合,也可作为PLC市场的另一种选择,还可顶替PLC控制不是非常复杂的运动过程,非常适合于作小型控制(如机床、楼宇控制、小型机械、广告霓虹灯等),不但减省了产品的空间也控制了产品的成本。此次设计任务是设计一个基于单片机的PLC工控模块
6、,要求有信号输入8个口(光电隔离),8个输出口(6组继电器2组双向可控硅),定时器2组,计数器2个,温度检测口1个,模拟量检测口1个,PWM脉宽调制口1个,强制复位口1个,中断控制口1个,高速脉冲输出口2个,具有输入输出状态指示。单片机plc工控板特点是:从小系统做起尽量精而小、容易上手,、施工简单、对环境要求不高,;电源仅需使用一般整流滤波电源既可,范围在9V-32V,使用感性负载,如继电器或是电磁阀(油压或是气压)动作电流在0.35A以内的,仅需使用”一般电阻”既可随意从既有电源取用电源.(可参考I/O说明),可带电拔插,不会损坏,方便省工,以一片单片机为核心,构建一个简单、实用、易用、可
7、靠的单片机的工控硬件平台。满足哪些具有单片机基础的工控技术人员使用,适用于哪些输入输点数小的控制场合,在小的应用场合完全可以代替小型的PLC,同时也具有PLC的一样的灵活。关键词单片机;PLC;工业控制Based on the MCU PLC control module research and designSummary The programmable controller in the control relay is generated based on a new type of industrial control devices.It is a miniature comput
8、er, automation technology and communication technology com., applied to the industrial control field of a high reliable controller.With the development of modern social production development and technical progress, modern industrial production automation level increasing and the rapid development o
9、f microelectronic technology, programmable logic controller has become the important pillar of contemporary industrial production automation, PLC device has become the basic unit of automation system.As the logic control of the controller, with its high reliability, strong logic functions, small siz
10、e, can be on-line repair procedures, easy to interface with the computer, can for analog control system has been widely used in various industrial production automation control field.At present, whether it is from the introduction of automated production lines, or its own production design of the au
11、tomatic control system; whether it is new or old project, the technical reformation of equipment, can see the figure of PLC.As general industrial control computer, for over 30 years, PLC from scratch, to achieve the industrial control field of logical connection to the storage logical leap; its func
12、tion from weak to strong, realizes the digital control logic to control the progress of its application fields; from small to large, the realization of a single simple equipment control to do motion control, process control and distributed control and other the task span.The programmable controller
13、has become the mainstream of control equipment in industrial control field Long-term since, PLC has always been in the field of industrial automation control of the main battlefield, for various automation control equipment provides a very reliable control application.The main reason, lies in its ab
14、ility to provide automatic control application to provide safe and reliable and relatively perfect solution, suitable to the current industrial business needs for automation.On the other hand, PLC also must rely on other new technology to face the market share gradually reduce the impact, especially
15、 the impact of industrial PC.PLC needs to solve the problem still is the adoption of new technology, open system and price. At the same time, the single-chip microcomputer as the core controller formed by various form penetrated into peoples production, life, scientific research and other fields, fo
16、r the human has penetrated into all fields of the intelligent.SCM is the intelligent core of the controller, a detection and control circuit is a single chip peripheral equipment, through the single-chip interface sends control information to the detection circuit, to required function, start, chang
17、e the way of work measurement.When the detection circuit to complete a measurement, single-chip read measured data, the necessary processing, calculation, transform processing, the last in a variety of ways, such as output, output to the relay output to the system main controller.The use of single-c
18、hip production PLC industrial control module, can solve the PLC industrial control on several major problems.First, to solve the problem of PLC open, PLC defect is one of the soft, hardware structure of the system is a closed rather than open, such as a dedicated bus, communication networks and prot
19、ocols, I/O module are not common, almost every company PLC are incompatible with each other, at the same time, every PLC manufacturer have their own PLC control language, which allows researchers to deal with different manufacturers PLC controller are headache, but the use of single-chip PLC product
20、ion control board is not encountered such problems, because the majority of scientific research personnel have to master the C language, VB programming language, there is no modification program barriers, therefore, can be successfully debug machine so as to achieve its own control requirements, sec
21、ond, to resolve the PLC expensive problem, some research projects need not using PLC, DCS tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of yuan at the control system as a disposable test inputs, in some small control program, can be used based on the MCU PLC control module to replace, but spent on
22、ly a few hundred yuan.Based on single chip PLC controller can implement logical control, sequence control, timing, counting operation instruction and standard PLC different is that it belongs to a direct operation of the PLC, the general PLC in programming from time to time to number instead, SCM PL
23、C control board by C language and assembly language programming guide.Singlechip PLC control board is powerful, can replace the complicated relay combination, but also can be used as PLC market is another option, but also can replace the PLC control is not very complex motion process, very suitable
24、for small control (such as machine tools, building control, small machinery, advertising neon lights), not only saves the product the space also control the cost of the product. This design task is to design a PLC based on single chip processor control module, signal input requirements have 8 mouth
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