P2P外文文献.doc
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1、 Peer-to-Peer ComputingDejan S. Milojicic, Vana Kalogeraki, Rajan Lukose,Kiran Nagaraja1, Jim Pruyne, Bruno Richard,Sami Rollins 2 , Zhichen XuHP Laboratories Palo AltoHPL-2002-57 (R.1)July 3rd , 2003*E-mail: dejan, vana, lukose, pruyne, zhichen , bruno_richard ,knagaraj cs.rutgers.edu, srollins cs.
2、ucsb.edupeer-to-peer,decentralization,self-organization,anonymity, costof ownershipThe term “peer-to-peer” (P2P) refers to a class of systems andapplications that employ distributed resources to perform a functionin a decentralized manner. With the pervasive deployment ofcomputers, P2P is increasing
3、ly receiving attention in research,product development, and investment circles. Some of the benefitsof a P2P approach include: improving scalability by avoidingdependency on centralized points; eliminating the need for costlyinfrastructure by enabling direct communication among clients; andenabling
4、resource aggregation.This survey reviews the field of P2P systems and applications bysummarizing the key concepts and giving an overview of the mostimportant systems. Design and implementation issues of P2Psystems are analyzed in general, and then revisited for eight casestudies. This survey will he
5、lp people in the research community andindustry understand the potential benefits of P2P. For peopleunfamiliar with the field it provides a general overview, as well asdetailed case studies. Comparison of P2P solutions with alternativearchitectures is intended for users, developers, and systemadmini
6、strators (IT).* Internal Accession Date OnlyApproved for External Publication?12Rutgers University, NJ, 08901University of California at Santa Barbara, CA, 93106? Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company 2002Peer-to-Peer ComputingDEJAN S. MILOJICIC1, VANA KALOGERAKI1, RAJAN LUKOSE1, KIRAN NAGARAJA2,JIM PRU
7、YNE1, BRUNO RICHARD1, SAMI ROLLINS3, and ZHICHEN XU1dejan, vana, lukose, pruyne, zhichen, bruno_richard,knagarajcs.rutgers.edu, srollinscs.ucsb.edu1HP Labs, 2Rutgers University, 3University of California at Santa BarbaraAbstractThe term “peer-to-peer” (P2P) refers to a class of systems and applicati
8、ons that employ distributed resources toperform a function in a decentralized manner. With the pervasive deployment of computers, P2P is increasinglyreceiving attention in research, product development, and investment circles. Some of the benefits of a P2P ap-proach include: improving scalability by
9、 avoiding dependency on centralized points; eliminating the need forcostly infrastructure by enabling direct communication among clients; and enabling resource aggregation.This survey reviews the field of P2P systems and applications by summarizing the key concepts and giving anoverview of the most
10、important systems. Design and implementation issues of P2P systems are analyzed in gen-eral, and then revisited for eight case studies. This survey will help people in the research community and industryunderstand the potential benefits of P2P. For people unfamiliar with the field it provides a gene
11、ral overview, aswell as detailed case studies. Comparison of P2P solutions with alternative architectures is intended for users, de-velopers, and system administrators (IT).Categories and Subject Descriptors: C.2.4 Computer-Communication Networks: Distributed Systems - network oper-ating systems; D.
12、1.3 Programming Techniques: Concurrent Programming - distributed programming; D.4.7 OperatingSystems: Organization and Design - distributed systems; E.1 Data: Data Structures - distributed data structures; F.1.2Theory of Computation: Modes of Computation - parallelism and concurrency; H.3.4 Informat
13、ion Systems: Systemsand Software - Distributed systems.General Terms: design, experimentationAdditional Key Words and Phrases: peer-to-peer, decentralization, self-organization, anonymity, cost of ownership.1 INTRODUCTIONPeer-to-Peer (P2P) computing is a very controversialtopic. Many experts believe
14、 that there is not much newin P2P. There is a lot of confusion: what really consti-tutes P2P? For example, is distributed computing reallyP2P or not? We believe that P2P does warrant a thor-ough analysis. The goals of the paper are threefold: 1)to understand what P2P is and it is not, as well as wha
15、tis new, 2) to offer a thorough analysis of and examplesof P2P computing, and 3) to analyze the potential ofP2P computing.The term “peer-to-peer” refers to a class of systems andapplications that employ distributed resources to per-form a function in a decentralized manner. The resourc-es encompass
16、computing power, data (storage andcontent), network bandwidth, and presence (comput-ers, human, and other resources). The critical functioncan be distributed computing, data/content sharing,communication and collaboration, or platform services.Decentralization may apply to algorithms, data, andmeta-
17、data, or to all of them. This does not preclude re-taining centralization in some parts of the systems andapplications. Typical P2P systems reside on the edge ofthe Internet or in ad-hoc networks. P2P enables: valuable externalities, by aggregating resourcesthrough low-cost interoperability, the who
18、le is madegreater than the sum of its parts lower cost of ownership and cost sharing, by usingexisting infrastructure and by eliminating or distribut-ing the maintenance costs anonymity/privacy, by incorporating these require-ments in the design and algorithms of P2P systems andapplications, and by
19、allowing peers a greater degree ofautonomous control over their data and resourcesHowever, P2P also raises some security concerns for us-ers and accountability concerns for IT. In general it is stilla technology in development where it is hard to distin-guish useful from hype and new from old. In th
20、e rest ofthe paper we evaluate these observations in general aswell as for specific P2P systems and applications.July 10, 2002 1:01 pm1. INTRODUCTIONPaper Organization and Intended Audience2. OVERVIEW2.1. Goals2.2. Terminology2.3. P2P Taxonomies3. COMPONENTS AND ALGORITHMS3.1. Infrastructure Compone
21、nts3.2. Algorithms4. CHARACTERISTICS4.1. Decentralization4.2. Scalability4.3. Anonymity4.4. Self-Organization4.5. Cost of Ownership4.6. Ad-Hoc Connectivity4.7. Performance4.8. Security4.9. Transparency and Usability4.10.Fault Resilience4.11.Interoperability4.12.Summary5. CATEGORIES OF P2P SYSTEMS5.1
22、. Historical5.2. Distributed Computing5.3. File Sharing5.4. Collaboration5.5. Platforms6. CASE STUDIES6.1. Avaki6.2. SETIhome6.3. Groove6.4. Magi6.5. FreeNet6.6. Gnutella6.7. JXTA6.8. .NET My Services6.9. Summary7. LESSONS LEARNED7.1. Strengths and Weaknesses7.2. Non-Technical Challenges7.3. Implica
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