AZ91D 镁合金表面激光改性的组织和性能研究摘要.doc
《AZ91D 镁合金表面激光改性的组织和性能研究摘要.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《AZ91D 镁合金表面激光改性的组织和性能研究摘要.doc(74页珍藏版)》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、AZ91D镁合金表面激光改性的组织和性能研究摘 要为了达到提高镁合金表面的硬度和耐腐蚀性的目的,本文在AZ91D镁合金表面上,使用最大激光功率为5kW的CO2横流激光器进行了激光熔凝和激光熔覆处理;在试验过程中,分别对激光熔凝处理、激光熔覆纳米Al2O3/WC/Co复合涂层和该复合涂层中添加Al粉三种表面改性工艺进行了研究,并且比较了原始镁合金和表面改性层分别在微观组织、物相组成、显微硬度以及电化学腐蚀等方面的性能。首先,对AZ91D镁合金进行了激光熔凝处理,激光熔凝层呈月牙状,晶粒较基体明显减小而且只由-Mg和-Mg17Al12两相组成,熔凝层没有裂纹、气孔等缺陷,与基体形成良好的结合。在细
2、晶强化和沉淀强化等的综合作用下,激光熔凝层的显微硬度以及耐腐蚀性都得到明显的提高。考虑到作为硬质陶瓷颗粒的Al2O3拥有一系列优良的性质,例如高硬度、高稳定性和低密度,并且在激光熔覆层中的Al2O3是强化相;WC颗粒具有高的硬度和耐腐蚀性,在激光作用下分解为W和C,W碳化物随机均匀析出,起到很好的弥散强化和固溶强化作用;Co能够增强涂层的耐蚀性,本文在AZ91D镁合金表面激光熔覆了纳米Al2O3/WC/Co复合涂层,但只能添加少量的Co,因为Co会包裹在WC颗粒的表层,阻碍WC颗粒的分解。激光熔覆层形成了细小的树枝晶,靠近基体处为柱状晶,从熔覆层底部到表面,晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,没有明显的裂纹和气
3、孔等缺陷。熔覆层的物相主要由Mg、Mg17Al12、Al2O3、W2C、WC和Co组成,生成了新物质W2C。与原始AZ91D镁合金相比,激光熔覆层的显微硬度以及耐腐蚀性都得到了很大程度的提高,这是由于晶粒细化,固溶强化以及弥散强化等的综合作用,显微硬度提高了约10倍多,自腐蚀电位比基体提高了约255mV,自腐蚀电流密度下降了约5150A/cm2。本文还对比了压铸镁合金AZ91D和铸造镁合金AZ91D两种基体材料在激光熔覆纳米Al2O3/WC/Co复合涂层后,熔覆层在显微组织、显微硬度以及耐腐蚀性方面的不同,并从激光功率和扫描速度两个影响因素考虑,得出了两种材料适宜的激光工艺参数。最后,考虑到M
4、g与Al的良好冶金结合性能,在上述涂层中添加了Al粉,即在AZ91D镁合金表面激光熔覆了纳米Al2O3/WC/Co-Al复合涂层,得到了与基体结合良好的没有明显裂纹和气孔的熔覆层,物相由Mg、Mg17Al12、Al2O3、W2C、WC、Co和Al3Mg2组成,生成了新物质W2C和镁铝金属间化合物Al3Mg2。激光熔覆层的显微硬度和耐腐蚀性较原始镁合金有了显著改善,这是由于晶粒细化,Al和Al3Mg2的硬度和耐腐蚀性较高。关键词:AZ91D镁合金,激光表面改性,熔凝层,熔覆层,Al2O3/WC/Co复合涂层,Al2O3/WC/Co-Al复合涂层RESEARCH ON THE STRUCTURE
5、AND PERFORMANCE OF LASER MODIFIED SURFACE OF AZ91D MAGNESIUM ALLOYABSTRACTIn order to achieve the purpose to enhance the surface hardness and anti-corrosion ability of Magnesium alloy, this thesis uses CO2 laser with a maximum laser power of 5kw to conduct the laser melting and cladding process on t
6、he surface of Magnesium alloy. In the process of experience, the author respectively analyzes three surface modified crafts, that are the laser melting process, laser cladding nano-Al2O3/WC/Co composite coating and the Al powder added in the coating, and compares the original Magnesium alloy and the
7、 surface modified layer on the microstructure, phase composition, microhardness, electrochemical corrosion and other performances. First, the laser melting is conducted on AZ91D magnesium alloy. The melted layer likes a waned moon, and the grains of melted layer are smaller than those of the matrix,
8、 only consisted of -Mg and Mg17Al12. There is no crack, pore and other deficiencies in the melted layer, which could combine with the matrix well. Under the comprehensive function of fine-grained intensification and precipitation intensification, both the microhardness and anti-corrosion ability of
9、the melted layer are obviously improved.Second, in consideration of that the Al2O3, as a hard ceramic particle, has possessed a series of excellent features such as high hardness, high stability and low density, and Al2O3 is the reinforcement in laser cladding layer; WC grain has the characteristics
10、 of high hardness and good anti-corrosion ability, which is decomposed into W and C through laser action. The W carbides, precipitated uniformly random, play an excellent role in dispersion strengthening and solid solution strengthening; Co can intensify the anti-corrosion ability, In this thesis, t
11、he nano-Al2O3/WC/Co compound layer is added on the surface of AZ91D magnesium alloy through laser, but only a little Co could be added since it will surround the surface of WC grains and obstacle the decomposition of WC grains. The laser cladding layer forms tiny dendrite and columnar particles near
12、 the matrix .The grain size gradually becomes smaller and smaller from the bottom to the surface of the cladding layer without obvious cracks or pores or other deficiencies. The cladding layer is consisted of Mg, Mg17Al12, Al2O3, W2C, WC and Co, generating the new material W2C. Compared with the ori
13、ginal magnesium alloy AZ91D, both the microhardness and anti-corrosion ability of the laser cladding layer have been greatly improved, due to the fine-grained, solid solution and dispersion strengthening. The micro hardness has improved by more than ten times, the corrosion potential increases about
14、 255mV, and the current density decreased by about 5150A/cm2 than the matrix.This thesis also compares of two matrix materials die-casting magnesium alloy AZ91D with casting magnesium alloy AZ91D after the laser melting on the mictrostructure, mictrohardness and anti-corrosion ability, also gets the
15、 suitable laser power and scanning speed of the two materials from two influential factors of laser power and scanning speed. Finally, in consideration of the excellent metallurgy combined performance of Magnesium and Aluminum, Aluminum powder is added into the above-mentioned layer, that is to say
16、laser cladding of nano-Al2O3/WC/Co-Al compound layer is added on the surface of AZ91D magnesium alloy, thus form melted layer without crack or pore based on excellent combination with the matrix. The phase of the cladding layer is consisted of Mg, Mg17Al12, Al2O3, W2C, WC, Co, and Al3Mg2, generating
17、 the new material W2C and magnesium aluminum intermetallic compound Al3Mg2. Compared to the original magnesium alloy, the microhardness and anti-corrosion ability of the laser melted layer have been dramatically improved, due to the intensification of grains and the enhancement of the hardness and a
18、nti-corrosion ability of Al and Al3Mg2.KEY WORDS: AZ91D magnesium alloy, Laser surface modification, Melted layer, Cladding layer, Al2O3/WC/Co composite coating, Al2O3/WC/Co-Al composite coating目录第一章 绪论11.1研究背景及意义11.2国内外研究镁合金表面改性的进展31.2.1机械表面处理31.2.2化学及电化学表面处理41.2.3载能束表面处理51.3激光束表面改性处理71.3.1激光束表面改性处
19、理的特点71.3.2激光与材料的相互作用原理91.3.3激光表面改性技术在镁合金上的应用111.4本论文的研究内容及技术路线13第二章 AZ91D镁合金表面激光熔凝的试验研究152.1引言152.2试验方法152.2.1预处理152.2.2 激光熔凝的方法162.3熔凝层的宏观形貌分析172.3.1激光功率对熔凝层宏观尺寸的影响192.3.2扫描速度对熔凝层宏观尺寸的影响202.4熔凝层的微观组织分析及熔池对流模型222.5 熔凝层的XRD分析232.6熔凝层的显微硬度分析242.7熔凝层的电化学腐蚀分析252.8本章结论28第三章 AZ91D镁合金表面激光熔覆纳米Al2O3/WC/Co复合涂
20、层293.1引言293.2 试验方法293.3 试验结果与讨论313.3.1激光熔覆层的宏观形貌和显微组织313.3.2激光熔覆层的微观组织和成分分析323.3.3 激光熔覆层的XRD分析333.3.4 激光熔覆层的显微硬度分析343.3.5 激光熔覆层的电化学腐蚀分析353.4 本章结论36第四章 压铸镁合金和铸造镁合金表面激光熔覆纳米Al2O3/WC/Co复合涂层的比较394.1 引言394.2 试验材料及方法394.3 试验结果与分析404.3.1激光功率和扫描速度对熔覆层组织的影响404.3.2 激光熔覆层的XRD分析434.3.3 激光熔覆层的界面组织444.3.4 激光熔覆层的显微
21、硬度464.3.5 激光熔覆层的电化学腐蚀分析484.4 本章结论50第五章 AZ91D镁合金表面激光熔覆纳米Al2O3/WC/Co复合涂层中加Al粉的试验515.1引言515.2试验方法515.3试验结果与分析525.3.1激光熔覆层的宏观形貌和显微组织525.3.2激光熔覆层的微观组织和成分分析535.3.3 激光熔覆层的XRD分析555.3.4激光熔覆层的显微硬度分析565.3.5激光熔覆层的电化学腐蚀分析575.4本章结论58第六章 结论61参考文献63致谢67攻读学位期间发表的学术论文69第一章 绪论1.1研究背景及意义镁是一种具有优异性能的资源,密度低,温度293K 时的密度为 1
22、.738gcm-3,接近 923K 时密度约为 1.65gcm-3,熔化后的密度约为 1.58gcm-3;对环境无污染,而且可回收利用。镁的储量丰富,约占地壳质量的1.93%,并且镁合金具有更多的优点,镁合金的重量轻,是一种轻质金属结构材料,密度低,约为 1.751.85g/cm3,相当于铝的 2/3,钢的 1/4,这一特性对于减轻现代手提类产品的重量及减少车辆的能耗有着重要意义;镁合金被誉为“21世纪的绿色工程材料”1,2,这是由于其具有很多优异的性能:对环境无任何不良影响;散热性和导电性强;高的比刚度和比强度;优异的机械加工和铸造性能;抗减振性能和电磁干扰。本世纪以来,世界各国越来越重视对
23、环境和能源的保护,对镁矿产的开发和研究也呈现出崭新的局面,镁合金资源也迅速发展成为新型的工程材料而得到广泛的应用。我国的镁资源丰富,可谓是镁业大国,而且我国在发展镁合金工业方面具有良好的基础:一方面我国生产的原镁总量可称得上是首屈一指,另一方面我国的镁储存量,出口量以及工业生产总量在镁工业领域具有明显的优势。但是,我国的镁产品以镁原材料为主,出口的镁大部分也是廉价的原材料,因此目前亟待解决的重要问题就是如何提高镁产品的加工生产技术以及改善镁产品的质量,使我国的镁业能发展得越来越好。按照现在全球总体的情况来看,和其他材料相比,镁合金的研究和应用严重滞后,究其原因是:一方面,镁是密排六方的晶体结构
24、,加工成形比较困难,因此大部分的产品是铸造生产出来的;另一方面,在一般情况下,需要进一步提高镁合金的硬度和塑韧性3,改善其力学性能低的缺点;其次,因为镁的平衡电位只有-2.73V,极其不稳定,所以镁合金具有一个致命的缺点就是耐腐蚀性很差,与铝、钛生成的自愈钝化膜不同,镁表面生成的氧化膜疏松多孔,不能对基体起到有效的保护作用,在潮湿的空气、含硫气氛和海洋大气中,镁均会遭受严重的化学腐蚀,这些都严重阻碍了镁及镁合金作为工程结构材料的广泛应用。所以当今材料学发展的一个重要课题就是如何改善镁合金材料表面的综合性能,使其能暴露在外界环境中而长期使用。虽然目前可以在镁合金基体材料中添加一些增强体4,比如硬
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- AZ91D 镁合金表面激光改性的组织和性能研究摘要 镁合金 表面 激光 改性 组织 性能 研究 摘要

链接地址:https://www.31ppt.com/p-3928384.html