英语教育毕业论文浅谈认知语境在语用推理中的作用.doc
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1、漳州师范学院毕业论文 A Brief Analysis on the Cognitive Context of Pragmatic Inference in the Verbal Communication浅谈认知语境在语用推理中的作用姓 名: 学 号: 070201324 系 别: 外语系 专 业: 英语教育 年 级: 2007级 指导教师: 2010 年 12 月 30日AbstractCommunication is one of the most widespread social phenomena of human beings. The communication conduct
2、ed through language is called verbal communication. Verbal communication is a highly context-dependent dynamic interactive process. The traditional study of context emphasizes the functions of the external world in communication from the static perspective but neglects the mental activity of human b
3、eings and the dynamic nature of communication, so it is static and can not explain the dynamic process. Therefore, this thesis tries to analyze verbal communication from the angle of cognitive context in the dynamic and ever-developing communication process. Especially, it analyzes cognitive context
4、 in the ostensive-inferential communicative model within the framework of Relevance Theory. Based on the Relevance Theory, this thesis makes a comprehensive illustration of the definition of traditional context and cognitive context. Then, with a combination of some typical daily utterances and conv
5、ersations, the thesis makes a trial explanation of the verbal communication. The thesis mainly discusses the roles of the speakers and the hearers cognitive context in successful verbal communication.Key Words: cognitive context; verbal communication; pragmatic inference 摘 要交际是人类最普遍的社会现象之一,通过语言进行的交际
6、称为语言交际。交际是基于语境的动态过程,而传统语境观将其视为静态,忽视了人在交际时内心世界的作用及交际的动态特征,因而无法对这一动态过程予以诠释。所以本文立足于关联理论框架,尝试从认知语境的角度研究语言交际,并将认知知语境置于明示推理这一动态的,不断发展的交际模式中进行解析。本文阐述了语境和认知语境的概念,结合一些典型的日常交际例子,尝试对语言交际提出自己的见解,从说话者和听话者双方的角度探讨认知语境在语言交际中的作用。关键词:认知语境;语言交际;语用推理ContentsAbstractI1.Introduction12.Context and cognitive context12.1 Tr
7、aditional views on context12.2 Cognitive context22.2.1 Definition of cognitive context22.2.2 Characteristics of cognitive context32.2.3 Relevance Theory and cognitive context43. Cognitive context of language inference in verbal communication43.1 Verbal communication43.2 Roles of the speakers cogniti
8、ve context53.2.1 Guiding the appropriateness of presentation63.2.2 Enhancement of ostension73.2.3 Enlargement of contextual effects83.3 Roles of the hearers cognitive context83.3.1 Strengthening the effectiveness of interpretation93.3.2 Enhancement of inference104. Conclusions11References12Acknowled
9、gement131. Introduction Communication is one of the most common social phenomena, and it is a function that one learns to do as one travels through life. If we communicate with others by language, that is called verbal communication. So, to investigate the verbal communication is inevitable, urgent
10、and meaningful. Actually, much research work has been done on the verbal communication by both domestic and abroad scholars. Scholars tried their best to analyze the factors that play key roles in a successful verbal communication, such as Relevance Theory, culture differences etc.In linguistic stud
11、y, cognitive context plays an important role and has become a hot topic in recent decades. More scholars, such as the abroad scholars: Sperber and Wilson, the domestic scholar Xiong Xueliang, found cognitive context is a crucial factor in the verbal communication, which is further development of tra
12、ditional context. Since verbal communication is a highly context-dependent dynamic interactive process, this thesis aims to analyze communication from the aspect of cognitive context. And the organization of this thesis is developed as follows:Chapter One is a brief introduction to this paper. Anoth
13、er aim of this chapter is to make a better understanding of this paper and show the significances of this thesis.Chapter Two focuses on traditional context and cognitive context. The most crucial part of this chapter is the definition and features of the cognitive context. It also explores the cogni
14、tive context in terms of Relevance Theory.Chapter Three is cardinal in the whole writing. In this chapter, a detailed discussion on the roles of cognitive context in successful verbal communication is presented. For a better understanding of it, many typical examples in daily verbal communication ar
15、e analyzed.Chapter Four comes to the conclusion, in which the whole paper is summarized. Although this exploration is not very comprehensive or profound because of the authors limited opinions and own experiences, the significance of this study is both theoretical and practical. It gives us a better
16、 understanding of cognitive context and helps to achieve successful verbal communication through a new but crucial aspect. 2. Context and cognitive context 2.1 Traditional views on context The previous researches on context start from Malinowski, in 1923. He is known as a famous anthropologist. He b
17、elieved that utterances and situation are bound up inextricably with each other and the context of situation is indispensable for the understanding of the words ( Liu Runqing、Feng Zongxin,2004:300). He classified context into two categories: context of situation and context of culture.Then one of hi
18、s students, J.R Firth took over Malinowskis context of situation and developed it. Firth classified context into situational context and linguistic context(Peng Jianwu,2005:65)While M.A.K Halliday , one of Firths students also further developed the theory of context of situation into what is known a
19、s register theory, a more generalized interpretation intended as a basis for deriving the features of the text from the features of the situation.The Chinese linguists also do a lot of research work on context. He Zhaoxiong and Mei Deming(1999:113-114) stated that notion of context is essential to t
20、he pragmatic study of language. It is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer. Xiong Xueliang(2004:113-114) thinks that: “Traditional context is an all-inclusive concept, including the linguistic knowledge, co-text, the time, the place, topic and the
21、 manner of speaking on participants, how much participants know each other and the background knowledge, such as custom, politics etc and the knowledge of the world.” Since context concerns about various perspectives, including logic, semantics, sociolinguistics, philosophy, psychology and pragmatic
22、s, it is quite difficult for scholars to define context, so up to now, there is not a most appropriate and specific definition of context. 2.2 Cognitive context 2.2.1 Definition of cognitive contextTraditional context is almost an all-including concept, involving both linguistic knowledge and non-li
23、nguistic knowledge. Its difficult for us to take all these factors into consideration when studying verbal communication. And from the cognitive perspective, traditional context has two unavoidable defects: Firstly, it cannot objectively reflect the communicators mental states in the communication.
24、Secondly, verbal communication is a dynamic process while traditional context is a static concept. So the study of dynamic context or cognitive context overcomes the weak points of static context and becomes more comprehensive.Sperber and Wilson both suggest their view of context from the perspectiv
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