矿热炉炉衬的发展趋势资料.doc
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1、矿热炉炉衬的发展趋势 矿热炉炉衬改造理论分析 白万立 王利民摘要1随着时间的推移,优质矿产资源日益减少,加上环境保护意识的增强,有效利用劣矿产资源,节能降耗降本增利成为铁合金生产商不断追求的目标,矿热炉生产技术的发展主要就是围绕这条主线展开的.矿热炉炉大型化,控制自动化,微调精确化,提高冶炼强度、提高热效率,提高生产率、集中冶炼 ,这正是未来矿热炉发展的主要方向。2目前, 俄罗斯研制成世界上最大的密闭式矩形高锰合金炉;并试制成功巨型容量的矩形矿热炉,以及开发出熔炼硅锰合金的2MVA等离子竖式炉。在大型炉子的设计中,全部利用计算机的最佳数学模型来计算确定大型矿热炉的最佳参数和最佳工作状态。国内以
2、碳质材料做工作层的矿热炉广泛采用保温法炉衬结构。由于矿热炉炉衬在高温条件下炉渣及成品液的机械冲刷和化学侵蚀。无论采用何种高品质的耐火材料,炉衬的损毁均在所难免,其各部分的损坏速度也不一致,炉墙下部,炉底中心部位、出铁口等损坏较快,因而降低了炉衬使用寿命。现代矿热炉的发展趋势是增加反应区的冶炼强度。许多炉衬结构的工作条件已经接近甚至超过了耐火材料的可承受的性能范围,单纯的材质改进已经无法适应冶炼工艺的发展要求。影响矿热炉炉衬的寿命的关键因素是炉壁冷却程度,炉壁冷却技术的提高逐渐成为制约矿热炉发展的关键因素在采用碳质炉衬的矿热炉中,其炉衬结构、耐火材料的选着、炉衬的冷却方式及维护使用,正是是矿热炉
3、工作者研究的课题。近年来,3河南方圆碳素集团有限公司对矿热炉炉衬技术的研究,不仅单纯的追求材质方面的改进而且结合电路炉衬结构采取强制冷却措施,以延长炉衬寿命。国外的主流热压炭砖-SLTD技术也逐渐在国内打开了市场。还有针对矿热炉炉壁冷却的各种技术也在不断试验研究之中。延长矿热炉炉衬使用寿命除了炉壁的冷却程度外,还需科学管理、规范操作、,选择优质的耐火材料,优良的施工质量。新技术、新材料的开发,为实现冶炼重金属矿热炉整体寿命的提高提供了可能。关键词 矿热炉、冷却技术、炉衬使用寿命SummaryOver time, high-quality mineral resources dwindling,
4、 coupled with awareness of environmental protection, efficient use of inferior mineral resources, energy saving and cost reduction and increased profits become ferroalloy manufacturers continue to pursue the goal, submerged arc furnace production technology mainly focus on the development of the mai
5、n line expanded.Submerged arc furnace large-scale, control automation, precision fine-tuning to improve the smelting intensity, improve thermal efficiency, increase productivity, focus smelting, which is the main direction of the future development of the submerged arc furnace. At present, Russia de
6、veloped into the worlds largest enclosed rectangular high manganese alloy furnace; and successful trial giant rectangular submerged arc furnace capacity, as well as the development of silico-manganese alloy smelting 2MVA plasma shaft furnace. In large furnace designs, all of the best mathematical mo
7、del using a computer to calculate and determine the optimum parameters of large submerged arc furnace and the best working condition.To do domestic work carbonaceous material layer submerged arc furnace method widely used in insulation lining structure. Since arc furnace slag lining in high temperat
8、ure conditions and finished fluid mechanical erosion and chemical attack. Regardless of the high quality refractory lining are inevitable damage, damage to the speed of its parts are inconsistent, the lower part of the furnace wall, bottom center of the taphole and other damage faster, thereby reduc
9、ing the lining life .Modern trends submerged arc furnace smelting is to increase the intensity of the reaction zone. Many structures lining the working conditions are close to or even exceed the performance of refractory affordable range of pure material improvements have been unable to adapt to the
10、 development needs of the smelting process. Affect the life of submerged arc furnace lining furnace wall is a key factor in the degree of cooling, furnace wall cooling technology to improve gradually become the key factor restricting the development of submerged arc furnace.In submerged arc furnace
11、using carbon lining, the lining of its structure, the selection of refractory, lining and maintenance of cooling method used, it is submerged arc furnace worker study.In recent years, Henan Fangyuan Carbon Group Limited submerged arc furnace lining technology research, not only the simple pursuit of
12、 material improvements in the structure and bonding circuit lining forced cooling measures taken to extend lining life. Foreign mainstream hot charcoal briquette - SLTD technology has gradually opened up in the domestic market. There submerged arc furnace wall cooling for a variety of experimental t
13、echniques are constantly being studied.Extend the submerged arc furnace wall lining life in addition to the degree of cooling, the need of scientific management, standardized operation, select high-quality refractory materials, excellent construction quality. New technologies, new materials developm
14、ent, for the realization of the submerged arc furnace smelting metal to improve the overall life possible.Keywords: submerged arc furnace, cooling technology, lining life第一章 矿热炉炉壁冷却技术的发展概况1.1矿热炉简介4矿热炉它主要用于还原冶炼矿石,碳质还原剂及溶剂等原料。主要生产硅铁,锰铁,铬铁、钨铁、硅锰合金等铁合金,是冶金工业中重要工业原料及电石等化工原料。其工作特点是采用碳质或镁质耐火材料作炉衬,使用自培电极。电极
15、插入炉料进行埋弧操作,利用电弧的能量及电流通过炉料的,因炉料的电阻而产生能量来熔炼金属,陆续加料,间歇式出铁渣,连续作业的一种工业电炉。矿热炉属于结构繁杂、品种繁多的一类冶金设备。根据不完全统计,目前世界上铁合金的品种已达到200多种,随着钢铁工业的不断发展,世界各国的铁合金总产量可达4000万吨,中国的铁合金产量可达300万吨以上。目前全世界各国的新建的矿热炉均向高效率、大型化发展,大型化矿热炉具有热效率高、单位产品投资低、产量高、劳动力省、合金元素挥发少、操作稳定、电耗低、运行成本低、以及有利于烟尘净化和余热利用。1.2矿热炉炉衬材质1.2.1传统碳砖主要缺陷传统工艺生产炭砖,是选用优质原
16、料,经混捏、高压挤压成型、高温焙烧而成,该生产工艺生产的炭砖具有几个不可避免的缺点:生产周期长。现代社会是一个追求效率的社会,是一个竟争的社会,要求早投入、早收益,焙烧炭砖的正常生产周期为每窑20-30天,严重制约了生产的高速发展。气孔率高。炭质材料在高温阶段产生大量的挥发份,挥发份在逸出过程中,使炭块形成大量的直径较大的贯通气孔,这些气孔的存在,使炭砖在高温冶炼过程中,受到高炉内污染物及碱金属的侵入,侵入物的膨胀引起炭砖胀裂、剥落,缩小了高炉的使用寿命。产品质量均质性差。因焙烧炉为大容积高温窑炉,炉内温度场温差较大,引起同一窑炉内产品烧成温度不一,产品质量不一致,导致产品质量差,容易使炉内形
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