提高空港出入境旅客通关效率研究 ——以高崎国际机场口岸为例.doc
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1、提高空港出入境旅客通关效率研究 以高崎国际机场口岸为例 提高空港旅客通关效率研究-以高崎国际机场口岸为例 独 创 性 声 明本人郑重声明:所呈交的论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。尽我所知,除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外,论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写的研究成果,也不包含为获得中国人民大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书所使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献已在论文中作了明确地说明并表示了谢意。签名:林锦州 日期: 2009.5.18关于论文使用授权的说明本人完全了解中国人民大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,即:学校有权保留送交论文的复印件,允许论文被查
2、阅和借阅;学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容,可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存论文。签名:林锦州 导师签名: 杨 健日期:2009.5.184 提高空港旅客通关效率研究-以高崎国际机场口岸为例 摘 要 二十一世纪前二十年是我国发展的重要战略机遇期,经济全球化带来对外经贸往来的日益密切,出入境旅客呈大进大出、快进快出的趋势。2008年北京举办奥运会,出入境活动进一步活跃,达到新的高峰。随着建设服务型政府进程的深入进行,空港出入境旅客对提高通关效率的呼声越来越高。面对形势,如何制定正确政策以提高空港口岸旅客通关效率,已经成为政府面临的一项重大课题。基于此,作者以高崎国际机场口岸为样本,依据科学管
3、理理论、排队论和图论等理论,对政府的口岸政策进行深入分析,进而探讨提高空港旅客通关效率政府相关机制的构建问题。论文的主要内容从六个方面展开。 一、导论。 首先讨论了提高空港口岸旅客通关效率的选题背景;接着介绍了研究的主要问题和研究意义;其次对口岸、大通关、通关效率和旅客通关进行概念界定;然后介绍了本文的研究方法和论文架构;昀后指出了本文的创新之处。 二、学界对提高通关效率的研究。当代学界对提高通关效率的研究主要集中几个方面:一是对提高通关效率措施的研究;二是对通关流程优化的研究;三是对通关信息化建设的研究。 目前学界对提高通关效率的研究取得了一定的成果,但是还存在一些不足。笔者认为需要进一步拓
4、展研究空间,主要有四点:一、加大对口岸相关单位的研究。二、加强对旅客通关的研究。三、在研究中引入运筹学的数学工具,如排队论和图论,对旅客的通关流程进行定量的分析。四、加大对政府相关机制构建的研究。 三、提高旅客通关效率经验借鉴和理论基础。 首先介绍了中国历代通关的变迁。中国古代对通关的研究,主要有几个方面:一是通关的凭信的研究;二是通关的背景研究;三是通关的制度研究。 接着介绍了几种国外的通关模式。国外通关的研究主要几个成果:一是通关的现代化;二是简化通关流程;三是实行第三方托管;四是建立风险管理机制;五是实行“一站式”无缝通关。 昀后介绍了本文研究依据的有关理论。本文研究依据的主要理论有科学
5、管理理论、排队论、网络与图论。 5 提高空港旅客通关效率研究-以高崎国际机场口岸为例 四、口岸通关流程再造。 首先对空港口岸现有的相关单位进行系统的介绍,主要包括边防检查、海关、检验检疫、口岸签证、安检和值机。其次介绍了国内和国外空港口岸的出入境检查检验流程。然后介绍了高崎国际机场口岸出入境检查检验流程。昀后运用关键路线法探讨高崎国际机场口岸通关流程再造问题。 五、提高空港口岸旅客通关效率研究。 首先系统地研究了高崎国际机场口岸航班旅客规律,包括每日规律、每周规律和年度季节规律。其次,分别对口岸相关单位如何提高通关效率进行分析,包括边防检查、海关、检验检疫、口岸签证和安检;重点运用排队论等工具
6、对提高边防检查通关效率进行深入分析,分别就排队类型、单队与多队的比较、与的变化进行研究,昀后得出结论:应对通道类别进行细分,调派速度快的检查员设立快速通道。 六、提高空港口岸旅客通关效率对策分析。 首先引入科学管理理论,探讨如何在提高口岸通关效率中运用科学管理理论,建立内部人员培训机制;其次分析了高崎国际机场口岸EDI平台建设存在的问题,并提出改进建议,指出应充分利用EDI平台加强数据共享;再次探讨了口岸相关单位协调机制的构建问题;昀后探索了口岸大通关情境下,提高口岸通关效率相关机制的构建问题。主要包括建立和完善提高旅客通关效率的领导机制、政策支持机制、现场指挥机制、信息沟通机制和激励机制等。
7、 七、结论与展望 笔者对论文的主要研究成果进行了归纳,并对进一步研究的方向进行了展望。进一步研究的方向主要包括:一、排队论对于相关部门的决策有较大的参考价值。二、网络与图论中的关键路线法对空港旅客通关流程的再造有重要的指导意义。三、空港EDI平台和电子口岸建设的趋势和规范有待于进一步研究。四、口岸相关单位关系的研究比较薄弱。如何建立一个跨行业的领导机构,赋予它何种权力,如何进行有效管理,才能提高口岸工作效率,值得我们进一步研究。 关键词:出入境;通关效率;排队论;图论6 提高空港旅客通关效率研究-以高崎国际机场口岸为例 AbstractThe first twenty years of the
8、 21th century are important period of strategic opportunity in the development of our country, economic globalization brought about the increasingly close of the external economic and trade exchanges, inbound and outbound passengers were in a large and quick trend. In 2008 Beijing held Olympic Games
9、, the immigration activities were further active, reaching a new height. With the process of building a service-oriented government carrying out in-depth, the voice of improving clearance efficiency for air travel passengers is increasingFaced with the situation, how to formulate the right policies
10、to improve the efficiency of airport passenger clearance, has become a major problem faced by the Government. Based on this, the author takes Gaoqi International Airport as a example, based on scientific management theory, queuing theory and graph theory and any other theories,conducts the port poli
11、cy of the Government in-depth analysis, discusses the problem of the ways on how to build the mechanism on improving the efficiency of airport passenger clearance for the government. The main contents of papers are formed with the following six aspects1. IntroductionFirst the author discusses the ba
12、ckground on improving the efficiency of air passenger clearance; then introduces the main problem of the study and the research significance; thirdly carries out to define the concept of Port,Great Clearance, Clearance efficiency and Passenger clearance; then introduces the research methodology of t
13、his article and paper structure; finnally points out the innovations in this paper2. The research on improving the efficiency of clearance of the academicContemporary academic research on improving the efficiency of clearance mainly focuses on several areas: First, the measures of improving the effi
14、ciency of clearance; Secondly, theresearch on clearance process optimization; thirdly,the research of the building for clearance on information technology At present, the academic study of improving the efficiency of clearance achieves some results, but there are still a number of shortcomings. I be
15、lieve that there are four points on the 7 提高空港旅客通关效率研究-以高崎国际机场口岸为例 research space for the need of further expansion: First, we should increase the research of the port-related units. Secondly, strengthen the study of passenger clearance. Thirdly, introduce mathematical tools of operations research s
16、uch as queuing theory and graph theory in research, take quantitative analysis on the process of the passengers clearance. Fourthly, increase the studies of the building on the related mechanism for the government3. The experience and theoretical basis on improving the efficiency of passenger cleara
17、nceFirst of all, the author introduces Chinese history of changing clearance. There are several aspects on the clearance of the ancient Chinese study: First, the research on clearance certificate; Secondly, the study on clearance background; Thirdly, the study of the clearance systemThen the author
18、introduces several models of foreign clearance. The major several results of the clearance study abroad: First, the modernization of clearance; secondly is to simplify the clearance process; The third is the implementation of third-party custodian; Fourthly, the establishment of risk management mech
19、anisms; Fifthly, the implementation of one-stop seamless clearance Finally, the author introduces the theory on which this paper is based. In this paper, the main theories are based on scientific management theory, queuing theory, network and graph theory4. Process Reengineering through boundary con
20、trol pointsFirst of all the author introduces the airport-related units of existing systems, the frontier inspection, customs, inspection and quarantine, port visa office, security and check-in counterSecondly,he introduces inspection process of domestic and foreign air ports on exit and entryAnd th
21、en he introduces the clearance process of the Gaoqi International Airport. Finally, he discusses the clearance process reengineering issues of Gaoqi International Airport using critical path method5. Study of improving the efficiency of airport passenger clearanceFirst of all, the author makes a sys
22、tematic study of the Gaoqi International Airport passengers laws, including laws daily, weekly and annual seasonly. Secondly, he makes analysis of the relevant units on how to improve clearance efficiency respectively, including the frontier 8 提高空港旅客通关效率研究-以高崎国际机场口岸为例 inspection, customs, inspection
23、 and quarantine, port visa office and security; conducts a research in-depth analysis focusing on the use of tools such as queuing theory to improve the efficiency of the frontier inspection clearance, respectively, on the queue type, comparison of single-team and multiple-teams, study of the change
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