第19章-立克次体课件.ppt
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1、第19章 立克次体,第19章 立克次体第19章 立克次体,立克次体(Rickettsia):是一类严格细胞内寄生以节肢动物为传播媒介、革兰阴性原核细胞型微生物。为纪念从事斑疹伤寒研究工作受感染而牺牲的美国医生Howard Taylor Ricketts而命名。,Howard Taylor Ricketts,1871-1910.Ricketts identified the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever.,特点:1.多数专性活细胞内寄生;2.G-,有细胞壁,多形性,以球形和杆形为主,大小介于细菌和病毒之间;3.含有DNA和RNA
2、两种类型的核酸;4.以二分裂方式繁殖;5.以节肢动物为媒介或为寄生/储存宿主;6.多为人畜共患病的病原体,引起发热出疹性疾病;7.对抗生素敏感。,Scientific classification,Family:Rickettsiaceae Genus:RickettsiaSpecies Rickettsia felisRickettsia prowazekiiRickettsia rickettsiiRickettsia typhiRickettsia conoriiRickettsia africaeRickettsia akariGenus:Orientia Species Orient
3、ia tsutsugamushi,Domain:BacteriaPhylum:ProteobacteriaClass:AlphaproteobacteriaOrder:Rickettsiales,Family:AnaplasmataceaeGenus:EhrlichiaGenus:AnaplasmaGenus:Neorickettsia,常见立克次体的分类、所致疾病、流行环节和地理分布,人虱,蜱,吸虫,立克次体主要生物学性状,多呈球杆状,Giemas染色呈紫色,不同立克次体在细胞内位置不同培养方法与病毒相似(动物、鸡胚、细胞培养)抗原构造外斐氏反应(斑疹伤寒、斑点热、恙虫病)抵抗力与细菌类似,
4、对抗生素敏感(禁用磺胺),(二)致病性与免疫性,1流行环节 以节肢动物作为传播媒介或储存宿主,啮齿类动物等亦常成为寄生宿主和储存宿主。2所致疾病 引起人畜共患性疾病。3致病机理 立克次体主要致病物质是脂多糖。早期病变主要由内毒素引起,晚期病变主要是免疫病理所致。4免疫力 细胞免疫较体液免疫更为重要。病后可获得持久免疫力。,Virulence of Rickettsiae,Adherence to the Host Cell Rickettsiae are inoculated into the dermis of the skin by a tick bite or through damag
5、ed skin from the feces of lice or fleas.The bacteria spread through the bloodstream and infect the endothelium.The adhesins are presumed to be outer membrane proteins.The outer membrane protein OmpA has been implicated in adherence of R.rickettsii because antibodies to OmpA habe been shown to block
6、adherence.The host cell receptor for any Rickettsia has yet to be identified.Although the main target cells of Rickettsia in vivo are endothelial cells,rickettsiae can infect virtually every cell line in vitro.Thus,either the receptor for Rickettsia is ubiquitous among cells,or rickettsiae can bind
7、to different receptors.,Virulence of Rickettsiae,Invasion of Host Cells The rickettsiae are believed to induce host cell phagocytosis because they can enter cells that normally do not phagocytose particles.Once phagocytosed by the host cell,rickettsiae are observed to quickly escape from the phagoso
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