介绍美国职业安全与健康管理局高处作业安全管理规程课件.ppt

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1、BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,OSHA 29 CFR 1926-Subpart M,Safety Standards for Fall,Protection in the Construction,Industry,Effective:February 6,1995,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,Total Construction Fatalities,1985-1993,Falls From,Elevation 33%,Caught,In/Between,18%,Struck By 22%,Shock 17%,Other 10

2、%,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,Falls From Elevation-,Breakdown,Roof 27%,Other,16%,Scaffold,17%,Steel,Erection,10%,Floor,Opening 7%,Aerial Lift,Basket 3%,Suspended Platform/,Vehicle 3%,Concrete,Erection 3%,Ladder,8%,Open Sided,Floor 4%,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,262,185,217,259,225,253,211,181,

3、161,0,50,100,150,200,250,300,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,Number of Construction,Fatalities Due to Falls 1985-1993,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,Analysis of Heights For Construction,Fatalities Caused by Falls 1985-1993,2%,8%,22%,20%,36%,12%,0%,5%,10%,15%,20%,25%,30%,35%,40%,6,6-10,1

4、1-20,21-30,30,Unk.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,Construction Activity,%of Total Fatalities 1985-1993,0%,10%,20%,30%,40%,50%,60%,70%,Painting,Paper Hanging and Decorations-63%,Plumbing,Heating and Air Conditioning-31%,Heavy Construction,except Highway&Street-15%,Highway and Street,except Elevated H

5、ighways-2%,Building Construction-Nonresidential-50%,Building Construction-Residential-29%,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,Construction Activity,(Contd),%of Total Fatalities 1985-1993,0%,20%,40%,60%,80%,Miscellaneous Special Trade Contractors 47%,Concrete Work 30%,Roofing,Siding and Sheet-Metal Work 7

6、3%,Carpentry and Floorwork 63%,Masonry,Stonework,Tile Setting and Plastering 62%,Electrical Work 24%,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.500(a)(1)Scope and,Application,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,Whos Affected by Subpart M?,EVERYONE,EXCEPT,:,?,Employees making an inspection.,?,Employees working o

7、n scaffolds.,(Subpart L),?,Employees working on stairways and,ladders.(Subpart X),?,Employees working on equipment used in,tunneling operations.(Subpart S),BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,Whos Affected by Subpart M?,EVERYONE,EXCEPT,:,?,Employees engaged in the construction,of electric transmission,di

8、stribution,lines,and equipment.(Subpart V),?,Employees working on cranes and,derricks.(Subpart N),?,Employees performing steel erection,work in buildings.(Subpart R),BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.500(b)Definitions,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.501(b)(1)Unprotected Sides,and Edges,BWC Div

9、ision of Safety&Hygiene,1926.501(b)(2)Leading Edges,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,Exception:,When the employer,can demonstrate that it,is infeasible or creates,a greater hazard to use,these systems,the,employer shall,develop and,implement a fall,protection plan.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,Defin

10、ition,Infeasible,-means that it is impossible to,perform the construction work using a,conventional fall protection system(i.e.,guardrail system,safety net system,or,personal fall arrest system)or that it is,technologically impossible to use any of,these systems to provide fall protection.,BWC Divis

11、ion of Safety&Hygiene,1926.501(b)(3)Hoist Areas,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.501(b)(4)Holes,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.501(b)(5)Formwork and,Reinforcing Steel,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.501(b)(6)Ramps,Runways,and,Other Walkways,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.501(b)(7)Ex

12、cavations,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.501(b)(8)Dangerous Equipment,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.501(b)(9)Overhand Bricklaying,and Related Work,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.501(b)(10)Roofing Work On,Low-Slope Roofs,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.501(b)(11)Steep Roofs,BWC Di

13、vision of Safety&Hygiene,1926.501(b)(12)Precast Concrete,Erection,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,Exception:,When the employer can,demonstrate that it is,infeasible or creates a,greater hazard to use,these systems,the,employer shall develop,and implement a fall,protection plan.,BWC Division of Safety

14、&Hygiene,1926.501(b)(13)Residential,Construction,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,Exception:,When the employer can,demonstrate that it is,infeasible or creates a,greater hazard to use,these systems,the,employer shall develop,and implement a fall,protection plan.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.501

15、(b)(14)Wall Openings,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.501(b)(15)Walking/Working,Surfaces Not Otherwise Addressed,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.501(c)(1)Protection From,Falling Objects,?,Erect toeboards,screens,or guardrail systems to,prevent objects from falling.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygi

16、ene,1926.501(c)(2)Protection From,Falling Objects,?,Canopy Structure,?,Barricade,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(b)Guardrail,Systems,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(b)(1),(2)&(14),?,Top edge height shall be 42”,+/-,3”from walking/working,level,and able to withstand 200,lbs.of force.,

17、?,Midrails shall be installed at a,height midway between top,edge and walking/working,level,and able to withstand 150,lbs.of force.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(b)(9)Guardrail Systems,?,Top rails and,midrails shall be,at least 1/4 inch,nominal,diameter.,?,Top rail shall be,flagged at not,

18、more than 6-foot,intervals with,high-visibility,material.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(b)(13),?,Guardrails at points,of access shall be,provided with gates,or offset to that a,person cannot walk,directly into the hole.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(c)Safety Net,Systems,BWC Divis

19、ion of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(c)(1)Safety Net Systems,?,Install as close as,practicable under the,walking/working,surface on which,employees are working,but in no case more,than 30 feet below such,level.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(c)(2)Safety Net Systems,Net Extension,5 feet 8 feet,5 f

20、eet,and 10 feet,10 feet,10 feet 13 feet,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(c)(3)Safety Net Systems,?,Install with,sufficient,clearance to,prevent,contact with,any surfaces,or structures,below.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(c)(4)Safety Net Systems,When the employer,can demonstrate,that

21、 a drop test is,unreasonable,the,employer shall,certify that the net,and installation can,meet an impact,force equivalent to,the impact forces of,a drop test.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,Definition,Competent Person,-means one who is,capable of identifying existing and,predictable hazards in the s

22、urroundings,or working conditions which are,unsanitary,hazardous,or dangerous to,employees,and who has authorization to,take prompt corrective measures to,eliminate them.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(c)(5)&(6)Safety Net,Systems,?,Inspect nets weekly for,wear,damage,and other,deterioration

23、,.,?,Remove any materials,scrap,equipment,and,tools,that have fallen into,net,.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.501(c)(7)Safety Net Systems,?,Maximum mesh,opening shall not,exceed 36 sq.,inches nor longer,than 6 inches on,any side.,?,Mesh crossings,shall be secured,to prevent,enlargement of,mesh

24、 opening.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.501(c)(8)&(9)Safety Net,Systems,?,Minimum breaking,strength for border,rope webbing is,5,000 lbs.,?,Connections shall,be as strong as net,components.,?,Connections shall,be spaced not more,than 6 inches apart.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(d)Pe

25、rsonal Fall,Arrest Systems,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(d)Personal Fall Arrest,Systems,Connector,means a device which is,used to couple(connect)parts of,the personal fall arrest system and,positioning device systems,together.It may be an independent,component of the system,such as,a carab

26、iner,or it may be an integral,component of part of the system,(such as a buckle or dee-ring sewn,into a body belt or body harness,or,a snap-hook spliced or sewn to a,lanyard or self-retracting lanyard.),BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(d)(8)Personal Fall Arrest,Systems,?,Horizontal lifelines

27、shall,be designed,installed,and used,under the,supervision of a,qualified person,as part,of a complete personal,fall arrest system,which,maintains a safety,factor of at least two.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,Definition-from 1926.32(l),Qualified Person,-means one who,by,possession of a recognized

28、degree,certificate,or professional standing,or,who by extensive knowledge,training,and experience,has successfully,demonstrated his ability to solve or,resolve problems relating to the subject,matter,the work,or the project.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(d)Personal Fall Arrest,Systems,Rope

29、 Grab,means a deceleration,device which travels on a lifeline,and automatically,by friction,engages the lifeline and locks so,as to arrest the fall of an,employee.,?,Lanyards and vertical lifelines,shall have a minimum breaking,strength of 5,000 lbs.,?,Each employee shall be attached,to a separate l

30、ifeline.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(d)(12)Personal Fall Arrest,Systems,Self-retracting lifeline/lanyard,means a deceleration device,containing a drum-wound line,which can be slowly extracted,from,or retracted onto,the drum,under slight tension during the,normal employee movement,and whi

31、ch,after onset of a fall,automatically locks the drum,and arrests the fall.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(d)(12)&(15)Anchorage,?,Limit free fall distance to 2 ft.,or less and able to sustain a,3,000 lb.min.tensile load.,?,Capable of supporting,at least 5,000 lbs.per,employee attached.,BWC

32、Division of Safety&Hygiene,*,t=(2h/g)or:,How Long Does It Take To Fall?,Height(feet)Time(seconds),4,0.5,16,1.0,36,1.5,64,2.0,100,2.5,144,3.0,256,4.0,576,6.0,.5,g,=Gravitational Constant of 32.2 ft/s,h,=Height of Fall in feet,t,=Time of Fall in seconds,2,*,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,Velocity,v=(2

33、gh),v=,Velocity,assuming,no initial velocity,g=,Gravitational,Constant of 32.2 ft/s,h=,Height of fall in feet,.5,2,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,Momentum Of Fall,M=mv,M=,Momentum in foot-,pounds/second,m=,Mass in pounds,v=,Velocity,assuming no,initial velocity,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,Skull F

34、racture,2Eg,m,50 x 2 x 32.2,12,16.3 ft/sec,E=,Kinetic Energy,g=,Gravitational,Constant,m=,Weight of an,average human,head,A skull would fracture at approximately 50 foot-,pounds/second.The velocity of a fracture is,expressed in the equation:,v=,=,=,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,3970,2780,2395,830,0

35、,500,1000,1500,2000,2500,3000,3500,4000,Shock Absorbing,Lanyard,Nylon Rope Lanyard,Webbing Lanyard,Steel Lanyard,Peak Fall Arresting Forces-,Forces,Generated by 220 lbs Steel Weight Free-Falling 6 ft,Force in,lbs.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,Determining Minimum Anchorage,Point Height,?,C=Clearanc

36、e,?,H=Anchor Point Height,?,L=Distance Between Anchorage,Point and D-Ring,?,S=Deceleration Distance,?,5=Harness D,-Ring Height,?,Free Fall=5+L,-,H=6 max.OSHA,?,Clearance=5+L,-H+S,=9.5 Minimum Clearance,where S=3.5 max.OSHA,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(d)(16)&(17)Harnesses,?,Limit maximum,

37、arresting force to 1,800,pounds.,?,Rigged so that an,employee cannot free,fall more than 6 feet.,?,Attachment point,located in center of,back near shoulder,level.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(e)Positioning Device,Systems,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(f)Warning Line,Systems,BWC D

38、ivision of Safety&Hygiene,Warning-Line System,?,Erected around all sides of roof,work area.,?,6 feet from edge-10 feet when,using mechanical equipment.,?,Two warning lines at points of,access,material handling,storage,and hoisting areas.,?,Rope,wire,or chain flagged at not,more than 6-foot intervals

39、 with high,visibility material,.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,Warning-Line System,?,The rope,wire or chain shall be,rigged or supported so that its,lowest point is no less than 34,inches and the highest point is no,more than 39 inches from the,walking/working surface.,?,Stanchions shall be capable

40、 of,resisting,without tipping over,a,force of at least 16 pounds applied,horizontally against the stanchion 30,inches from the walking/working,surface.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,Warning-Line System,?,The rope,wire or chain shall have a,minimum tensile strength of 500,pounds.,?,The line shall be

41、 attached so that,pulling on one section of the line will,not result in slack being taken up in,adjacent sections.,?,Employees are not permitted,between the roof edge and warning,line unless performing roofing work,in that area.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(g)Controlled Access,Zones,BWC D

42、ivision of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(g)(1)Controlled Access,Zones-Leading Edge,?,Extends parallel along,the unprotected or,leading edge.,?,Control line connected to,guardrail system or wall.,?,Line situated not less,than 6 feet nor more than,25 feet from edge.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,?,Consists

43、 of ropes,wires,and tape with a minimum,breaking strength of 200,lbs.and is marked with,high visibility materials at,not more than 6 foot,intervals.,?,Stanchions rigged so that,the lowest point is not,less than 39 inches nor,more than 45 inches.,1926.502(g)(1)Controlled Access,Zones-,Leading Edge(co

44、ntd),BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,?,Control line erected,not less than 6 feet,nor more than 60 feet,or half the length of,the member being,erected,whichever is,less,from the leading,edge.,1926.502(g)(1)Controlled Access,Zones-Precast Concrete,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,?,Lines erected not less

45、 than,10 ft.nor more than 15 ft.,from the working edge.,?,Lines extended to enclose,all employees performing,overhand bricklaying and,related work.,?,Lines erected at each end,to enclose zone.,?,Only employees engaged,in work permitted in zone.,1926.502(g)(1)Controlled Access,Zones-Overhand Bricklay

46、ing,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(h)Safety Monitoring,Systems,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,Safety-Monitoring System,?,Competent person to monitor,?,Warns employees nearing hazard,?,On same walking/working surface,?,Within visual Contact,?,Able to communicate orally with workers,?,No mech

47、anical equipment used or,stored in safety-monitoring system area,A shout may be the last thing a worker hears,as he or she hurtles to the ground.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(i)Covers,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(i)Covers,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(i)Covers,BWC Div

48、ision of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(i)Covers,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(i)Covers,?,Capable of supporting,twice the maximum axle,load.,?,Capable of supporting,twice employee,equipment,and material weight.,?,Secured to prevent,accidental displacement.,?,Color coded or marked with,the word“HO

49、LE”or,“COVER”.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(j)Protection From,Falling Objects,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(j)(1),(2)&(3)Toeboards,?,Erected a sufficient,distance to protect,employees below.,?,Able to withstand a force,of 50 lbs.outward and,downward.,?,Minimum height of 3 and,1/

50、2 inches with no more,than 1/4 inch gap at,walking/working surface.,BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene,1926.502(j)(5)&(6)Guardrail System,?,Erect paneling or,screening when,material exceeds,guardrail systems,top rail.,?,No materials or,equipment stored,within 4 feet of,working edge.,BWC Division of Safe