八种常见动词时态讲解课件.ppt

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1、初中英语动词时态复习,一、一般现在时,二、一般过去时,三、一般将来时,四、过去将来时,一般现在时,一般现在时,五、现在进行时,六、过去进行时,七、现在完成时,八、过去完成时,一、一般现在时,1.,一般现在时的结构：,主语,+,动词原形,+,其它,I,do,my homework every day.,主语,+am/is/are+,其它,I,am,a student.,注意：当主语是第三人称单数时，动词要用第三人称,单数形式。,否定构成,：,dont+,动原,doesnt+,动原,一般疑问构成及简答,：,Do+,主语,+,动原,+,其它？,Yes,I do.,Does+,主语,+,动原,+,其它

2、？,No,he doesnt.,特殊疑问举例,：,What do you often do on Sundays?,Where does he live?,动词原形变为第三人称单数形式的规则：,规则,一般在词尾加,-s,动词原形,play,leave,swim,pass,fix,teach,wish,do,study,carry,fly,第三人称单数形式,play,s,leave,s,swim,s,pass,es,fix,es,teach,es,wish,es,do,es,stud,ies,carr,ies,fl,ies,以字母,s,x,ch,sh,o,结尾,的词加,-es,以辅音字母加,y,

3、结尾的,词，先变,y,为,i,再加,-es,注意：动词,have,的第三人称单数形式是,has.,写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式。,1.cook_ 2.watch_ 3.build_,4.have_ 5.wash_ 6.enjoy_,7.go _ 8 receive _ 9 cry_,10.close _ 11.drive_ 12.choose_,13.play _ 14.reach _,2.,一般现在时的用法,：,1,）,表示经常性的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频,率的副词连用。,常用的频率副词有：,always,、,often,、,usually,、,seldom,、,never,。频率副词在

4、句,中通常位于行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之,后。,例如,:He often goes swimming in summer.,他夏天经常游泳。,I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.,每天早上我七点离开家去学校。,2,）表示现在的状态。,例如：,The boy is twelve.,这男孩十二岁。,3,）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。,例如：,My sister is always ready to help others.,我妹妹总是乐于助人。,Ann writes good English but does not sp

5、eak well.,安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。,4),表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。,例如：,The earth moves around the sun.,地球绕太阳转动。,5,）表示按计划或安排好的将要发生的动作，可用,一般现在时表将来。,但只限于,start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,等。,例如：,The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.,火车明天上午六点开。,6,）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间状语,从句或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在,时来表示将来。,例如：,Ill tell him

6、 the news when,he comes back,.,他,回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。,If,you take the job,they will talk with you in greater,details.,如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。,I do my homework every day.,1.,改为一般疑问句并回答。,Do you do your homework every day?,Yes,I do./No,I dont.,2.,改为否定句。,I dont do my homework every day.,Jim does his homework eve

7、ry day.,1.,改为一般疑问句并回答。,Does Jim do his homework every day?,Yes,he does./No,he doesnt.,2.,改为否定句。,Jim doesnt do his homework every day.,二、一般过去时,1.,一般过去时的结构：,主语,+,动词过去式,+,其它,I,did,my homework yesterday.,(did,就是,do,的过去式）,否定构成：,didnt+,动原,一般疑问构成及简答举例：,Did+,主语,+,动原,+,其它？,特殊疑问句举例：,What did he do yesterday?,

8、When did he get up this morning,?,动词原形变为动词过去式的规则：,构成规则,一般在动词原形末尾加,-ed,动词原形,look,play,work,动词过去式,look,ed,play,ed,work,ed,结尾是,e,的动词在末尾,加,-d,like,live,like,d,live,d,末尾只有一个辅音字母,的重读闭音节，先双写,这个辅音字母，再加,-,ed,结尾是“辅音字母,y,”,的动词，先变“,y,”,为,“,i,”,再加,-ed,plan,stop,drop,study,worry,cry,plan,ned,stop,ped,drop,ped,stu

9、d,ied,worr,ied,cr,ied,2.,一般过去时的用法,：,1,）表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,。,常和表示过去的时间状语,yesterday,last week,an hour ago,just now,in 1982,等连用。在一般过,去时中，要表达“多少时间之后”，一般用,after,。,例如：,Where did you go just now?,刚才你上哪儿去了？,After a few years,she started to play the piano.,几年后，她开始弹钢琴。,2,）表示在过去经常或反复发生的动作。,常与,often,always,等表

10、示频度的副词连用。,例如：,When I was a child,I often played football in the,street.,我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。,3,）一般过去时也可与,today,this week,this,month,this year,等表现在的时间状语连用，但这,些时间状语须指过去的时间，决不包含,“,现在,”“,此时此刻,”,的意思。,例如：,Did you see him today?,今天你看见他了吗？,三、一般将来时,用法：将来会出现或发生的动作,常用时间状语：,this evening,tomorrow,next month,in a f

11、ew minutes,at the end of this term,动词构成,:I,will/shall+,动原,2,am/is/are going to+,动词原型,3,am/is/are(about)+,动词不定式,4,am/is/are+coming,等现在分词,否定构成：,will/shall not am/is/are not,特殊疑问句举例,:What will you do tomorrow?,When are we going to have a class meeting?,1),shall,用于第一人称，常被,will,所代替。,will,在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见

12、时常,用于第二人称。,Which paragraph shall I read first.,Will you be at home at seven this evening?,2),be going to+,不定式，表示将来。,a.,主语的意图，即将做某事。,What are you going to do tomorrow?,b.,计划，安排要发生的事,。,The play is going to be produced next month,。,c.,有迹象要发生的事,Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a,storm.,3),be

13、+,不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。,We are to discuss the report next Saturday,4),be about to+,不定式，意为马上做某事。,He is about to leave for Beijing.,注意：,be about to,不能与,tomorrow,next week,等,表示明确将来时的时间状语连用,备注,：在,if,条件或,as soon as,等时间状语从,句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。,Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her.,如果你,去问高老师，她会告诉你答

14、案。,I will do my homework tonight.,1.,改为一般疑问句并回答。,Will you do your homework tonight?,Yes,I will./No,I wont.,2.,改为否定句。,I wont do my homework tonight.,练习,()1.Look at the clouds._.,A.Its going to rain B.Itll be raining,C.It will be rained D.If it rains,()2There_ two English films next week.,A.is going t

15、o be B.are going to have,C.will have D.are going to be,()3 There is going to_ a volleyball match on our,school playground.The match is going to_ at six this,evening.,A.have;be B.be;have,C.be;be D.have;have,四、过去将来时,1.,过去将来时的结构：,结构一：,主语,+would+,动词原形,+,其它,I,would do,my homework.,结构二：,主语,+was going to+,

16、动词原形,+,其它,主语,+were going to+,动词原形,+,其它,I,was going to buy,a car.,2.,过去将来时的用法,：,1,）表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。,常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。,例如：,He said that he would finish his work before 9,o,clock.,他说他会在九点之前完成工作。,2,）“,was/were going to+,动词原形,”,所表示的过去将来,时,表示过去曾经打算做某事。,例如：,She said she was going to buy a car.,她说她打算

17、买一辆小汽车。,I would do my homework.,1.,改为一般疑问句并回答。,Would you do your homework?,Yes,I would./No,I wouldnt.,2.,改为否定句。,I wouldnt do my homework.,I was going to buy a car.,1.,改为一般疑问句并回答。,Were you going to buy a car,？,Yes,I was./No,I wasnt.,2.,改为否定句。,I wasnt going to buy a car.,五、现在进行时,1.,现在进行时的结构：,主语,+am/is

18、/are+,动词现在分词,+,其它,I,am,doing,my homework now.,(doing,就是,do,的现在分词）,动词原形变为动词现在分词的规则：,规则,一般在动词原形末尾加,-,ing,以不发音字母,e,结尾的动,词，先去掉,e,，再加,-,ing,以重读闭音节结尾的动词，,如果末尾只有一个辅,音字母，应先双写这,个辅音字母，再加,-ing,以,ie,结尾的短单词，把,ie,改为,y,再加,-ing,以,er,结尾的动词，如是重,读音节结尾，先双写,r,，,再加,-ing,。,如不是重读,音节结尾，就直接加,-,ing,原形,listen,spend,stay,have,p

19、repare,close,sit,begin,run,put,l,ie,d,ie,t,ie,prefer,water,-ing,形式,listen,ing,spend,ing,stay,ing,hav,ing,prepar,ing,clos,ing,sit,ting,begin,ning,run,ning,put,ting,l,ying,d,ying,t,ying,prefer,ring,watering,2.,现在进行时的用法,：,1,）表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动,作。常与,now,at present,at this moment,等时间状语,连用。,例如：,We are

20、 waiting for you,now,.,我们正在等你。,2,）表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），一直在进行,的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。,例如：,Mr.Green is writing another novel.,格林先生在写另一部小说。（说话时未必在写，只,处于写作的状态。）,3,）表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，常与,always,forever,等词连用，往往带有说话人的主观,色彩。,例如：,You are always changing your mind.,你老是改变主意。,4,）表示渐变，这样的动词有：,get,grow,become,turn,run,go,beg

21、in,等。,例如：,The leaves are turning red.,叶子在变红。,Its getting warmer and warmer.,天越来越热了。,5,）,come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return,等动,词可用于现在进行时，表示将要发生的动作。,例如：,Im leaving tomorrow.,明天我要走了。,The train is arriving soon.,火车要到了。,I am doing my homework now.,1.,改为一般疑问句并回答。,Are you doing your homework now?,Yes,

22、I am./No,Im not.,2.,改为否定句。,I am not doing my homework now.,六、过去进行时,1.,过去进行时的结构：,主语,+was/were+,动词现在分词,+,其它,I,was doing,my homework at that time.,(doing,就是,do,的现在分词）,They,were,doing,their homework at that time.,2.,过去进行时的用法,：,1),表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与,表示过去的时间壮语连用。,例如：,At this moment yesterday,I was pac

23、king for camp.,昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。,2)come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return,等动词可用,于过去进行时，表示过去将要发生的动作。,例如：,She told me that she,was going,to Hainan for her,holiday.,她告诉我她将去海南度假。,3),在含有时间壮语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的,动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。,例如,:,It,was raining,when they left the station.,他们离开车站时，正下着雨。,When I got to

24、 the top of the mountain,the sun,was,shining,.,我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。,I was doing my homework at that time.,1.,改为一般疑问句并回答。,Were you doing your homework at that time?,Yes,I was./No,I wasnt.,2.,改为否定句。,I wasnt doing my homework at that time.,七、现在完成时,1.,现在完成时的结构：,主语,+have/has+,动词过去分词,+,其它,I,have done,my homework

25、already.(done,就是,do,的,过去分词）,Jim,has done,his homework already.,否定构成：,have/has not+,过去分词,一般疑问构成：,Have/Has+,主语,+,过去分词,?,特殊疑问句举例：,What have you done recently?,How long has he lived in Beijing?,2.,现在完成时的用法,：,1),表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响,或结果。,常与,already,yet,ever,never,just,，,before,等,词连用。,例如：,Have you had s

26、upper yet?,你吃晚饭了吗？,You have already grown much taller.,你已经长高了许多。,2),表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并,可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语,（,如：,for,一段时间，,since+,过去时间点或从句,）,连用。,例如：,It has been five years,since he joined the army.,他参军五年了。,They have learned English,for eight years.,他们已学了八年的英语了。,3.,现在完成时需注意的问题：,非延续性动词,(,如,begin,

27、borrow,lend,buy,close,come,die,finish,join,kill,leave,stop,，,receive,等,）,不能与,表示一段时间的状语连用。,例如：,He,has joined,the army for five years.,（错误）,He,has been in,the army for five years.(,正确,),注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间,的状语连用。,即动作不发生的状态是可以延续的。,I have received his letter for a month.,（错误）,I havent received his l

28、etter for a month.(,正确,),I have done my homework already.,1.,改为一般疑问句并回答。,Have you done your homework yet?,Yes,I have./No,I havent.,2.,改为否定句。,I havent done my homework yet.,Jim has done his homework already.,1.,改为一般疑问句并回答。,Has Jim done his homework yet?,Yes,he has./No,he hasnt.,2.,改为否定句。,Jim hasnt do

29、ne his homework yet.,1.I have bought this computer for three years.,（改错）,I have had this computer for three years.,()2._ you _ the novel that I lent you last week?,B,A.Did;finish B.Have;finished,C.Are;finished D.Do;finish,()3.He _ in our school for 20 years and he _ here,A,in 1977.,A.has taught;came

30、 B.has taught;has come,C.taught;came D.has teached;has came,八、过去完成时,1.,过去完成时的结构：,主语,+had+,动词过去分词,+,其它,I,had done,my homework before you came here.,(done,就是,do,的过去分词）,2.,过去完成时的用法：,1),表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的动作或,存在的状态,(,即发生的时间是过去的过去,),。,常与,“,by/before+,过去的时间,”,构成的短语,或,“,before,、,when,引导的表示过去的时间状语从句,”,连用。,例如

31、：,We had learned more than 2000 words,by the end of,last term.,到上学期末为止，我们已经学习了两千,多个单词。,The train had already left,before we arrived.,在我们到达之前，火车已经离开了。,2),表示在过去某一时间点之前已经持续了一段时间的,动作或状态。常与,for/since,引导的表示过去的时间,状语连用,。,例如：,I had lived in America,for,two years before I came here.,我来这儿之前在美国住过两年。,I had done my homework before you came here.,1.,改为一般疑问句并回答。,Had you done your homework before I came here?,Yes,I had./No,I hadnt.,2.,改为否定句。,I hadnt done my homework before you came here.,