定语从句讲解及在写作中的应用课件.ppt

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1、定语从句讲解及在写作中的应用,2,定语从句,一、定语从句概述,The story that you read is The Rescue.你读的故事叫营救。,The story是“先行词”，that you read是定语从句，that是关系代词。,（一）概念,3,定语从句,（二）使用关系代词还是关系副词当引导词在句中作主语或宾语时，要用关系代词；当引导词在句中作状语时，要用关系副词。如：,This is the palace where he works.(where状语时，等于in which),I often think of the days that I spent in Brown

2、s last summer.(that作spent的宾语=the days),He kept the laughing during the two hours(that)it took to fly to Beijing.(that作took的宾语，等于two hours),4,定语从句,（三）定语从句的分类,定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，如：,My brother who lives in New York has six children.（限制性定语从句）,我住在纽约的那个兄弟有六个孩子。（我的兄弟不只一个。住在纽约的那位只是其中之一。）,My brother,who

3、lives in New York,has six children.（非限制性定语从句）,我兄弟有六个孩子，他住在纽约。（我只有一个兄弟，且他住在纽约。）,5,定语从句,She has found the necklace(that)she lost two weeks ago.,1、限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开，如：,How do you apologize to your friend whose bike you lost?,6,定语从句,Helen,who was sitt

4、ing on my left,said that this meal was the best she had ever had.,2、非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然很清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that 引导。如：,Lijiang,where I was born,is very beautiful.,海伦坐在我的旁边说这时她吃过的最好的一顿饭。,7,定语从句,（四）关系代词引导的定语从句,1、关系代词概述,关系代词有who,whom,that,which,whose。当先行词指人时用who,whom,当先行

5、词指物时用which;whose是who和which的所有格形式，表示“的”，that既可指人，也可指物。这些关系代词在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作主语时关系代词不可省略，作宾语时可以省略。,8,定语从句,2、当先行词指人时使用who和whom，若在句中作主语用who；如果作宾语用whom，但在口语中，常用who代替whom，也可以省略。如：,The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.(关系代词who在从句中作主语),The girl we met yesterday is Li Leis sister.(关系代词

6、who,whom或that在从句中作宾语，已被省略),9,定语从句,3、当先行词指物时，用which或that.,They planted the trees which/that dont need much water.,The fish(which)we bought were not fresh.,Miss Smith is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.,4、whose引导定语从句，先行词可是人也可是物，whose在从句中作定语，其后必跟一个名词。如：,史密斯老师便是上周房子着火的那名老师。,10,定语从句,5、that先

7、行词既可指人又可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。如：,A plane is a machine that can fly.,Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.,（1）The athlete to whom you talked is a famous runner.,6、如果关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词的位置,11,定语从句,（2）含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。如：,Is this the watch which/that he is looking for?,The old man whom/who t

8、he nurses are looking after is very well now.,12,定语从句,（3）关系代词whose也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语。如：,The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.,Is there anything that I can do for you?,7、只用that作关系代词的场合,我父亲工作的那个公司的老板是一个非常和善的人。,（1）被修饰的先行词为不定代词，如all,much,everything,anything,nothing,none,t

9、he one,something等时，只能用that。如：,13,定语从句,（2）先行词被only,very,just,last,one of,all,no,little,few,any等词修饰时，只能用that。如：,The only thing that I want to do is to have a rest.,He was the first person that passed the exam.,（3）先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，只用that。如：,（4）先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时，只用that。,This is the best way that can solve

10、the problem.,14,定语从句,（5）先行词既有人也有物时，只用that。如：,The film star and her film that you have just talked about are really very famous.,He brought two cats yesterday.Now I can see the two that are playing in the garden.,（6）被修饰词为数词时，只用that。如：,（7）如果两个从句，其中一个关系代词用which引导，则另一个用that以避名重复；如：,He built up a factory

11、 which produced things that had never been seen before.,15,定语从句,（8）主句是there be结构，修饰其主语的定语从句用that。如：,There is a book on the desk that belongs to Frank.,This is the house of which the windows face south.,8、只用which作关系代词的场合。,（2）引导非限制性定语从句which可代先行词或者前句，译成“这一点，这件事”。如：,Tom came back,which made us happy.,（

12、1）当关系代词前有介词时，只用which。如：,16,定语从句,（3）先行词为that,时，引导词用which。如：,Whats that which was put in the car?,Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.,（4）一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个则用which。如：,9、通常要用who代表人作关系代词的场合。,17,定语从句,（1）当先行词是one，ones，anyone或those等，只用who。如：,An

13、yone who does that must be mad.,There is a young man who wants to see you.,（2）用在there be结构中，主语指人时，只用who。如：,Those who dare to break the law will be punished.,18,定语从句,（3）当先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语时，只用who。如：,The man that spoke at the meeting is our new headmaster who had just come from Shanghai.,（4）为了避免重复或引起歧义，当句

14、子中有两个定语从句，一个用that时，另一个用who。如：,I met a friend of mine in the park yesterday who had got three gold medals in the Asian Games.,那个在会上讲话的人是我们的新校长，他来自上海。,19,定语从句,（5）当先行词是I，you，he，they等时（常用于谚语之中）。如：,He who plays with fire gets burned.,He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.,不到长城非好汉。,玩火自焚。,20

15、,定语从句,（五）关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词有why,when,where,在定语从句中代替先行词，作状语，不可省略，有时也可用“介词+which”代替。,Well never forget the happy time when we worked on the farm.,I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.,1、when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如：,21,定语从句,This is the house where we lived last year.,2、where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。如：,

16、The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.,3、why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，如：,There are several reasons why we cant do that.,He couldnt give the teacher a good reason why he was late for school.,22,定语从句,*当先行词是way时，引导词通常用that/in which或不用任何引导词如：,This is the way（that/in which）he did it.,23,定语从

17、句,（八）定语从句的主谓一致,The recorder that has been given to me is home-made.,1、关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动的人称和数要与先行词保持一致；先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：,I,who am your classmate,will share the work with you.,24,定语从句,He is one of the students who have made great progress.,2、“one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，从句的动词通常要用复数；当one前有the(o

18、nly),the(very)等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。如：,Mr Wang is the only one of my friends who has been invited to have dinner with us.,25,定语从句,（九）as引导的定语从句,I wan to have such a dictionary as he has.,1、as用作关系代词或关系副词引导限定性定语从句，并在从句作主语、宾语和状语等，构成“the sameas”，“suchas”等结构。如：,I shall do it in the same way was as you did.(as作

19、状语),I like the same book as you do.,26,定语从句,The experiment is very important,as indeed it is.(as代表整个句子，作表语),2、as引导非限定性定语从句。as在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句说明整个句子，可以放在主句之前。如：,As is known to all,he is the best student in our class.（as代表整个句子，作主语）,As we all know,he studies very hard.（as代表整个句子，作宾语）,27,定语从句,常用这种类

20、似插入语的句式有as is said above(正如以上所说）,as already mentioned above（正如上文所提及的那样）,as is known to all（正如我们所知道的那样）,as it is（按现在的样子）,as is often the case（是常有的事）,as is reported in the newspaper（正如所报）等。,28,定语从句,注意：1、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。2、关系代词whom,which,that在限制性语从句中作动词宾语或介词宾语，而该介词又位于从句末尾，经常省略，但as一般不

21、能省略。3、关系代词which和as在定语从句的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as则可以；在句中时，as有“正如”、“就像”之意，而which则没有此意。,Practice of the Attributive clause,1.A plane is a machine _can fly.2.The car _my uncle bought last week was stolen.3.The man_is walking on the playground is my old friend.4.The woman _ you saw in the park is our English

22、teacher.,which/that,(which/that),who/that,(who/that),5.I saw a woman _bag was stolen.6.The reason _he was late was that he got up late.7.I still remember the day _I first came to Beijing.8.It is an important day _ I will never forget.9.The park _ they paid a visit to is beautiful.,whose,why,when,whi

23、ch,which,10.His father,_ works in Beijing,came back yesterday.11.Shanghai,_is in East China,is developing quickly.12.My mother,_ you met last year,keeps telling me not to take them because they are dangerous.13.He failed in the exam,_ made his parents angry.14._ we had expected,he failed in the exam

24、.,who,which,whom,which,As,总结：关系代词和关系副词的判定最终取决于它们在从句中的成分。,切记!,归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点,关系副词why指原因，在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若作从句中的主语或宾语，只能用关系代词that,which.,1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together.2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago.4.I wen

25、t to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he gave.,when/in which,which,where/in which,which,why/for which,that/which,几种易混的情况,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,定语从句改错练习1.ThebookthatIborroweditfromthelibraryiswellwritten.2.Thehousestoodattheplacewhichtheroadsmeet.

26、3.DidyouseetheyoungmanwhomwaschosentheLeaguesecretary?4.Weshallvisittheuniversitywheremyfatherteachesthere.5.Canyouthinkofanyonewhoshouseison apileofrocks?,where,who,whose,6.ThedaywhichIwastostartarrivedatlast.7.Ihaveknownthereasonwhichsheissoworried.8.Thisisthegirlwhopracticeplayingthepianoeveryday

27、.9.Thewatchwhichhermothergaveittoher worksverywell.10.IsshethegirlhergrandfatherwasaRedArmyman?,when,whose,practices,why,11.Which is known to all,the earth is round.12 It is such a hot day as I want to go swimming very much.13.Which is known to all,Lu Xun is dead.,that,AS,As,合并句子 把下面各题中的句子合并为一个含有定语从

28、句的主从复合句 1a.Seeing these changes,we cannot forget them.b.They gave us unselfish help when we were in trouble._,Seeing these changes,we cannot forget those who gave us unselfish help when we were in trouble.,2a.I feel greatly honored to host the contest.b.The contest is sponsored by the Students Union

29、._,I feel greatly honored to host the contest,which is sponsored by the Students Union.,3a.They sent the elderly some fruits,cleaned the rooms and had a good chat with them.b.The elderly always feel lonely._,They sent the elderly who always feel lonely some fruits,cleaned the rooms and had a good ch

30、at with them.,4a.The library is not far from here.b.The writer often does some reading there._,The library where the writer often does some reading is not far from here.,5a.Ive always longed for the days.b.I will be able to be independent then._,Ive always longed for the days when I will be able to

31、be independent.,翻译下列句子。1.请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。2.汤姆买的小说很有意思。3.你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗？4.那辆坏了轮胎(tyre)的自行车现在已经修好了。5.正在弹钢琴的那位妇女是张小姐。,Please pass me the book which is lying on the table.The novel which Tom bought is very interesting.Can you lend me the magazine which you talked about yesterday?The bike whose brake was

32、damaged has now been repaired.The woman that is playing the piano is Miss Zhang.,6.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。7.我们要参观的第一个地方是北京图书馆8.我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的那一天。9.他年轻时在校学习努力，这导致了他后来生活中的成功。10.人人皆知，地球是圆的。,This is the best film that I have seen.The first place that well visit is Beijing Library.Well never forget the day wh

33、en the Peoples Republic of China was founded.He studies hard at school when he was young,which leads to his success in his later life.As is known to all,the earth is round.,11.那位教授是威廉斯他的女儿教你英语。12.我们一直盼望的那些电影明星下周将来我市。13.她就是我要介绍给你的新学生14.这个博物馆是当时建造的最好的建筑物。15.我姐姐给我买的那本字典很有用。,The professor whose daughter

34、 teaches you English is Dr.Williams.The film stars who we are looking forward to will come to our city next week.She is the new student whom I want to introduce to you.The museum was the best building that was built at that time.The dictionary which my sister bought me is very useful.,改写句子“I see man

35、y running creatures.They are made of metal and glass.Their feet are round.They have four eyes.Two of the four eyes are red.Inside I see soft shapes.They can move.”,I see many running creatures which/that are made of metal and glass.Their feet are round and they have four eyes,two of which are red.In

36、side I see soft shapes that can move.,Our class is a big family;It consists of 12 girls and 50 boys.Most of them are mainly from the countryside.Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy.He is always ready to help others.He is such a good boy that we all like him.,Our class is a big family which consists of

37、12 girls and 50 boys,most of whom are mainly from the countryside.Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy,who is always ready to help others.He is a good boy whom we all like.,定语从句的运用,请按以下内容要点，用5个句子(尽可能多地使用定语从句）写一篇有关你的同学Jane的短文：1 我有一个朋友Jane，她的父亲是我以前的化学老师；2 Jane是一个容易相处的女孩，我们都喜欢她。3 Jane在此次口语竞赛中获得第一，这使得父母很高兴；

38、4 新年就要到了，到时Jane会和她妈妈一起去香港；5 众所周知，香港是一个购物天堂，Jane打算在那里买她需要的东西。,小试牛刀,I have a classmate called Jane,whose father is my former chemical teacher.Jane is a girl who is easy to get along with and we all like her.Jane takes the first place in the Speech Contest,which makes her parents happy.The New Year is coming,when Jane will go to Hongkong together with her mother.As we all know,Hongkong is a shopping paradize,where Jane intends to buy what she needs.,