非谓语动词动词-ing之用法精讲课堂课件.ppt

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1、非,谓,语,动,词,1,谓语动词,动名词,gerund,不定式,infinitive,分词,participle,2,1,性质：它具有动词的特点，但在,句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作,用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、,宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓,语以外一切成分。,3,4,主语,定语,宾语,表语,状语,宾语补,足语,不定式,?,?,?,?,?,?,过去,分词,?,?,?,?,v-ing,形式,?,?,?,?,?,?,5,?,3,语态：必须搞清逻辑主语,与非谓语动词的关系，从而,来确定非谓语动词态的语态。,6,现在分词与动名词,7,Swimming,is her favorite spor

2、t.,Learning,is important to modern life.,They went out of the classroom,talking and laughing,.,8,I remembered,sending him an e-mail last,week,.,（前）,He suggested,taking my daughter to the,zoo the next Sunday,.,（后）,9,Having lived in this city for three years,she,knows it very well.,I really regretted,

3、missing such an exciting lecture,.,=,I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture,We remembered,seeing the film,.,(=We remembered having seen the film.),10,The question,being discussed,is very important.,I cant stand,being kept waiting,.,Having been shown the lab,we were taken to,see th

4、e school library.,11,His,not,coming,made everyone,present very disappointed.,12,Seeing,is believing.,=,To see,is to believe.,It is no use,crying over spilt milk,.,Its a waste of time,arguing about it,.,13,talking to him,.,telephoning him,.He is,not willing to come.,making an effort,.,saying when it

5、will stop,raining,.,There is no,joking about such matters,.,14,Her job is,keeping the lecture hall as,clean as possible,The problem is quite,puzzling,.,1.Her,work,is _(look)after the children.,2.My,aim,is _(go)to Tsinghua,University.,3.One of my bad,habit,is _(bite)nails,（指甲）,.,15,1,能用动词,-ing,形式作宾语的

6、及物动词可分两类，,只能用动词,-ing,形式作宾语，,可用动词,-ing,形式作宾语,也可用不定式作宾语,。,只能用,-ing,形式作宾语的动词,suggest,doing it in a different way,.,16,必,背,admit,承认,appreciate,感激,avoid,避免,put off,推迟,keep,保持,consider,考虑,delay,耽搁,dislike,嫌恶,resist,抵制,mention,提及,enjoy,喜欢,escape,避免,excuse,原谅,practice,练习,mind,介意,fancy,想不到,feel like,意欲,finis

7、h,完成,risk,冒险,include,包括,forgive,原谅,give up,放弃,suggest,建议,miss,逃过,imagine,设想,cannot help,情不自禁,17,。,18,1.He was in low spirits and even consider,_(go)away.,2.Practise,_(put)your hand to the ground.,3.I can,t help _(have)the trip to Britain.,4.Don,t tell me you always escape _(fine),because you have a

8、fast sports car.,5.Leave off _(bite)your nails!,6.He didn,t feel like _(work),so he,suggested _(spend)the day in the garden.,7.You certainly mustn,t miss _(see)the,wonderful film.,19,8.The doctor advised _(stay)longer in hospital.,9.We appreciate your _(want)_(help)us,in our difficulties.,10.Michael

9、 has delayed _(write)to her till today.,11.The law forbids _(sell)liquor to children.,12.They all suggested _(give)more chances.,13.Can you imagine _(leave)standing,outside for a whole night.,14.They built the banks to prevent the area from,_(flood).,20,这类动词虽然既能用,-ing,形式作宾语，也能用不定式,作宾语，但用法并不相同，主要有以下几

10、种情况：,有些动词，如,attempt,continue,hate,intend,like,love,prefer,等，后面接动词,-ing,形式或不定式区,别不是很大。,They prefer spending/to spend their summer,vacation in Dalian.,I intend to buy/buying an English-Chinese,dictionary.,提,示,应尽量避免接连出现两个动词,-ing,形式,I am starting to learn Russian.,避免说：,I am starting learning Russian.,21

11、,come to do,表示一个渐渐发展的过程,I hope we shall be friends and,come to,understand one another.,come doing,表示陪衬性的动作,It was already two oclock when she came,hurrying in.,22,做完一件事后，接下去做另外一件事,Having finished the exercises,we went,on to learn the,new words in the next unit.,继续做同一件事。,Though it was raining heavily

12、,they went on,working,。,想要做某事,I didnt mean,to hurt you.,。,意味着要有一个结果,Missing the train means,waiting,for,another,hour,.,。,23,对即将要做的事表示遗憾,I regret,to say I must leave tomorrow.,对所做的事感到后悔,I regret,not having told her earlier,.,指,将来的事，表示“不要忘记”,Remember,to lock the door,when you leave,.,讲的是过去的事，表示“记起来”,I

13、,remember,posting that letter,.,24,forget to do,忘记要做某事,She nearly forgot,to give the porter a tip for his service.,forget doing,忘记以前曾做过的事,Ill never forget,meeting my school headmaster for the,first time.,stop to do,停止原来做的事，开始做另一件事,While working,he stopped,to talk with Tom at times,.,stop doing,停止正在做

14、的事,When the teacher came into the classroom,the pupils,stopped,talking.,25,try to do,设法做某事,I must try,to get everything ready,before he,arrives.,try doing,试验做某事,Would you please try,doing that again,?,26,doing,to be done,Your composition needs,correcting/to be corrected,.,His coat wants,cleaning/to

15、be cleaned,.,The old woman requires,looking after carefully/to be,looked after carefully,.,动词,-ing,形式作介词宾语大都和一些固定搭,配有关,。,27,We heard the children,shouting upstairs,.,I felt my heart,beating violently,.,28,ing,正在进行,不定式,发生,结束,He saw a girl,getting on the bus,.,He saw a girl,get on the bus,and drive of

16、f.,29,They should not leave us,wondering what they will do next,.,I wont have you,running about in the room,.,We kept the fire,burning all night long,.,一系列,I,saw,him,enter,the room,sit,down and,light,a cigarette.,30,31,。,a reading,room,=a room which is used for reading,阅览室,running,shoes=shoes for ru

17、nning,跑鞋,a working,method,=a method of working,工作方法,a,drawing,board,画板,a,sewing,machine,缝纫机,a,swimming,pool,游泳池,a,waiting,room,候车室,a,dining,car,餐车,a,driving,permit,驾驶许可证,a,singing,competition,歌咏比赛,a,walking,stick,手杖,32,表示所修饰的人或物的,动作,或,状态,，在意思,上接近一个定语从句，可以表示,正在进行,的动作，,也可表示,经常性,动作或,当时,的状态。,developing,

18、countries,=countries that are developing,发展中国家,an,ordinary-looking,house,=a house that looks ordinary,看起来很普通的房子,a,puzzling,problem,=a problem that puzzles somebody,困扰人的问题,33,a,dog,狂吠的狗,a,play,令人失望的戏剧,an,adventure,惊人的冒险,a,baby,熟睡的婴儿,water,正在沸腾的水,sight,逐渐衰退的视力,the,sun,落日,the,week,下一周,34,The bottle,con

19、taining vinegar,should be sent to,the laboratory.,They lived in a house,facing south,.,作定语的动词,-ing,形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动,作同时发生，如,两者不能同时发生,的话，则需,使用定语,从句,。,【误】,The professor,coming here yesterday,will,give us a lecture.,【正】,The professor,who came here yesterday,will give us a lecture.,35,动词,-ing,形式的完成式一般只用来

20、,作状语，不作定语。,【误】,The temple,having been,destroyed by the earthquake,will be,rebuilt soon.,【正】,The temple,which has been,destroyed by the earthquake,will be,rebuilt soon.,36,句首,句末,1,表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。,Having made full preparations,we are ready,for the examination.,(=After we have made full preparations.

21、),2,表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。,Being ill,he didnt go to school yesterday.,(=Since he was ill.),37,His father died,leaving him a lot of money,.,=and left him a lot of money.,Working hard at your lessons,you will succeed.,=If you work hard at your lessons.,Knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.,=Alt

22、hough they knew all this.,38,He lay on the grass,staring at the sky for a long,time,.,=.and stared at the sky for a long time,a.,分词表示的必须是,主语,的一个动作；,b.,分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作,（或状态）是,同时,发生的；,c.,分词表示的是比较,次要,的动作，对谓,语表示的动作或状态加以说明；,d.,大部分放在,谓语,之后；,e.,分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗,号隔开。,39,2,、,通常,3,、,必须,4,、,when,while,if,thus,

23、40,Reading aloud,is very helpful,.,物主代词,名词所有格,His father,s falling ill worried him greatly.,(his father,是,falling ill,的逻辑主语,),43,What worries me most is,her staying too late every night,.,(staying too late every night,的逻辑主语是,her),它修饰的,名词。,an,interesting,book,=a book that interests its readers,a,runn

24、ing,stream,=a stream that is running,44,被动式,The meeting,being held in,Beijing now,is of great importance.,(the meeting,和,举行,之间的关系是被动的，,所以用,being held),45,比,较,He insisted on,doing it himself,.,He insisted on,my doing it,.,Would you mind,opening the window,?,Would you mind,my opening the window,?,46,它

25、前面的宾语,We often hear,her singing this song,.,We often hear,this song(being)sung,.,47,句,子,主语,Entering the classroom,I found nobody in it.,如动词,-ing,形式表示的动作不是句中主语发出或,承受的，那就是误用。这种无依着的,-ing,形式，,语法上称之为“垂悬分词”。,【误】,Looking out through the window,the,garden was beautiful.,【正】,Looking out through the window,we

26、 saw,a beautiful garden.,48,【误】,Reading the evening newspaper,a dog started,barking.,【正】,I,was reading the evening newspaper,when a,dog started barking.,逻辑主语,The last bus,having gone,we had to walk home.,Weather,permitting,the football match will be,played on Friday.,49,50,51,一般说来，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣,.,Gen

27、erally speaking,boys are more interested in,science than girls.,从他的口音看，他一定来自加拿大,.,Judging from his accent,he must come from,Canada.,52,Considering how poor he was,we decided to,let him attend the concert for free.,Supposing it rains,what will you do?,53,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,2,、,通常,3,、,必须

28、,4,、,when,while,if,thus,66,Having worked,among the peasants for many,years,he knew them very well.,Not having received,an answer,he decided to,write another letter.,Having lived,in Berlin many years,he knew the,city well.,67,肯定式,否定式,一般式,doing,not,doing,完成式,having done,not,having done,68,69,肯定形式,否定形式,一般式,being done,not,being done,完成式,having been done,not,having been done,70,