非谓语动词之难点分词分析课件.ppt

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1、1.Ladies,and,gentlemen,please,remain,_(seat)until,the,plane,has,come,to,_ complete stop.,2._(Tell),many,times,he,finally understood the complicated problem.,3.When I visited my old house in the countryside,memory came _(flood)back.,4.I could not do my homework with all that noise,_(go)on.,5.,It,is,n

2、ecessary,to,be,_(prepare),for,the,interview,and,_(have),the,answer,ready will of great help.,seated,a,Having been told,flooding,going,prepared,having,1,现在,分词多表示,主语,所具有的,特征或属性,；,过去,分词多表示,主语,所处的,状态,。现在分词,表示“,令人,的,”，过去分词表示“,感,到,”,如：,e.g.The news was exciting.,e.g.He appeared,(to be),satisfied with my,a

3、nswer.,表语,2,注意,注：,过去分词作表语时，应注,意与被动结构的区别。,系表结构,说明主语的,状态,或具有的性质、特,点,被动结构,强调谓语动作，指主语所承受的,动,作,The cup is broken,(,状态,),The cup was broken by his little sisiter,(,动作,),3,定语,单独作定语，应放在被修饰,的名词之前，,e.g.,Barking,dogs seldom bite.,e.g.Soon our,respected and beloved,leaders entered,the banquet hall.,在更多情况下，可以用分词

4、短语作定语，这时,分词短语应放在被修饰的名词之后，在意义上也相,当于一个定语从句，如,：,e.g.They built a highway,leading into the,mountains,.,e.g.They are problems,left over by history,.,4,注意,能够作后置定语的单个过去分词是非,常有限,的，它们是,concerned,(,有关的,),used,(,用过,的,),，,given,(,给予的,),，,involved,(,所涉及的,),等。,这些词也可作前置定语，但所表达的意思有所,不同。,a concerned look,关切的神情,the c

5、omrade concerned,有关的,同志,a used car,旧车,the textbooks used,用过的教科书,the given time,特定的时间,the time given,给予的时间,the involved problems,复杂的问题,the problem involved,所涉及的问题,5,b.,表示经常性的动作,或现在,(,或当时,),的状态,(,变,为从句时,用一般时态,),如：,e.g.They lived in a room,facing,(=that faced),the south,.,e.g.The house,standing,(=that

6、stands),at the corner of the,street,was built in 1955.,作定语的现在分词所表示的动作发生的时间有,两种情况,：,a.,表示正在,进行,的动作,(,变为从句时要用进行时,态,),如,：,e.g.Tell the children,playing there,(who are playing there),not to make so much noise.,6,注意,注：,如果所表示的动作现刻正在发生，,或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，可,以用,现在分词的被动形式,来表示,e.g.We must keep a secret of the th

7、ings,being,discussed here,.,注,：,如果所表示的是一个未来的动作，可以用,一个,不定式的被动形式,来表示,e.g.Please tell me the subjects,to be discussed at,the next meeting,.,系动词的现在分词形式不可用作后置定语，,此时要用从句来表示,，如：,Those,being busy,dont have to go.(,应改为,Those,who are busy,dont have to go.),7,状语,1,、分词作状语说明谓语动词表示,的动作发生的时间、原因、条件、,结果、伴随情况、行为方式或对谓

8、,语加以补充说明等。,2,、,作状语的分词,(,短语,),通常放在句首或句尾，,有时也可插在句子的主谓语之间。,3,、,分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语,必须,与句子,的主语保持一致。,4,、,有时为了明确时间、条件或结果，分词前可,加,when,while,if,thus,等连词。,8,(,一,),现在分词作状语,现在分词,作伴随状语,，表示,陪衬性的动作或伴,随情况,例如：,The children ran out of the room,laughing and,talking merrily,.,现在分词作,方式,状语，表示行为方式或手,段（这类状语可以放在句首，也可以放在句,末，有时还可以

9、放在句中。如：,Working this way,they greatly reduced the,cost.,9,注意,如果分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的,动作之前发生，则要用完成形式,Not having received,an answer,he decided,to write another letter.,现在分词作,原因,状语，表示原因或理由,Not knowing her address,we couldnt get in,touch with her.,10,现在分词作时间状语（相当于,when,引导的,从句），如：,Turning around,she saw a polic

10、e car,driving up.,注：,这里分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作，这,动作一发生，谓语动词所表示的动作立即发生。,这类分词一般放在句首。如果两个动作是完全同,时发生的，多用,when,或,while+,分词这种结构,Be careful,when,crossing the street.,注,：如果要强调谓语动词的动作发生时，分词,的动作已经,完成,，这个分词要用,完成形式,(,having,done,),Having arrived,at a decision,they immediately,set to work.,11,The,bus,was,held,up,by,snows

11、torm,thus,causing the delay,.(,结果,),Turning,to,the,left,you,will,find,the,path,leading,to the site.(,条件,),Weighing,almost,one,hundred,kg,the,stone,was moved by him alone.(,让步,),现在分词作状语还可以,表示结果、条件和,让步,12,(,二,),过去分词作状语,?,过去分词短语有时可以,表示时间,（相当于时间状,语从句）和,条件,（相当于条件状语从句）,United,we stand;,divided,we fall.(=W

12、hen/If,we are united),Heated,water changes into steam.(=When/If,water is heated),13,过去分词短语作状语时，前面有时可以加,上,when,if,while,though,as if,等连词，这种结构可以,看作是一种省略的状语从句（省略部分多为,“主语,+be,的多种形式”）。需要注意的是，,省略的主语必须和主句,的主语相同,If/When,(it is),heated,water changes into steam.,Even if,(I am),invited,I wont go.,We will not a

13、ttack,unless,(we are),attacked,.,The girl is very shy,and never speaks,until,(she,is),spoken to,.,14,宾补,1.,要求分词或分词短语作补足语的多是一些“感觉”,和“使役”动词。包括,：,feel,see,hear,notice,watch,smell,let,get,have,make,want,find,keep,imagine,2.,现在分词,作宾补说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成,逻辑上的,主谓关系,；,过去分词,作宾补，表示宾语是,动作的承受者，形成逻辑上的,动宾关系,。,15,现在分词做宾

14、语补足语,，如：,Im sorry to have kept you,waiting for so long,.,注意：,现在分词做宾语补足语表示动作与谓,语同时发生或正在进行，强调动作过程,过去分词做宾语补足语,When you speak English,be sure to make yourself,understood,.,注意：,过去分词做宾语补足语表示动作完成,结果，并有被动意义,。,16,?,现在分词、不定式的被动与过去分词作定语的区别,过去分词表示动作已经完成，不强调时间概,念；,现在分词的被动式强调某一个正在进行的被,动动作,不定式被动强调某一个动作将来进行,The bui

15、lding,repaired,is our library,（完成）,The building,being repaired,is our library,（进行）,The building,to be repaired,is our library(,将来,),17,?,延续性动词和终止性动词的现在分词作状语在时间含义上的区别,延续性动词的分词相当于一个过去进行时态,的从句；而终止性动词的分词结构相当于一,个一般过去时的从句。,Walking in the street the other day(,=While I,was walking in the street the other d

16、ay,),I,came across an old friend of mine.,Arriving at the airport(,=When I arrived at,the airport,),I found my flight had taken off.,18,?,done,与,being done,的混用,_(Drive)by a greater demand for vegetables,farmers,have built,more green houses.,非谓语动词用法误区警示,透析,Driven,此题考生容易错填,Being driven.,“,Being driven

17、,”,是一个现在分词的,被动式结构，在句中作状语时表示一个正在进行或与主句谓语同时,进行的动作，与题目中的“,.,have built,.”,矛盾，故不可以选。动,词,drive,（驱使）的逻辑主语为,farmers,它们之间是动宾关系，故该,处应使用过去分词结构，它可以表示被动或完成的含义。,19,_(Expose)to sunlight for too much time will,do harm to your skin.,返回目录,Being exposed,【解题探究】,为了能更好地应对相关考题，现对,done,结,构与,being done,（,1,）作主语时，应该使用,being

18、 done,结构,(,此时实为动名,词被动结构,),，而,done,（,2,）作后置定语时，既可以使用,done,结构，又可以使用,being done,结构，但这二者有很大差别。,done,结构作后置,定语时，表示被动或完成的含义，而,being done,结构作后,置定语时，则表示“正在被,”,的含义。另外,to be done,结,构作后置定语时表示“将被,”,20,（,3,）作状语时，,being done,结构几乎是不用的，而,doing,结构和,having(been)done,结构则是常用的，表示原因。,done,结构作状语时，常表示被动或完成的含义。请参见下,_,that he

19、 was in great danger,Eric walked,deeper into the forest.,返回目录,Not,realizing,21,reaching,【解题探究】,在英语中，带动词不定式符号,to,的动词不,定式结构与现在分词结构都可以表示结果，但用法不同。,动词不定式结构作结果状语时常常表示出乎意料的或不愿,看到的结果，而现在分词短语结构作结果状语时常常表示,按照自然规律发展所产生的自然的或必然的结果。,?,意义相近的结构易错点,Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the,year,_a re

20、cord of$57.65 a barrel on April 4.,22,1.I cannot understand _ such a,well-paid,job.,A.him to give up,B.him to have given up,C.his giving up,D.his being given up,2.,Janes,summer vacation in England,led to,_,an Englishman.,A.her marry,B.her to marry,C.her being married,D.her marrying,3.She was sad,bec

21、ause of,_ any chance,left,.,A.there being not,B.there not being,C.not there being,D.there was not,23,4.If you think a letter is too slow,why not,_ a,telegram?,A.try to have sent B.trying to send,C.to try to send,D.try sending,5.There is no chance _ him today.,A.in seeing,B.to seeing,C.of seeing,D.ab

22、out seeing,6.,“,What,has made you so upset?”“_ my,new bike.”,A.Lost B.Because of losing,C.Since I lost,D.Losing,7.I still remember _ to Beijing when I was six.,A.to take B.taking,C.having taking D.having been taken,24,8.Some foreigner used to _ on the left in their,own countries,but now they have go

23、t used to _,on the right in our country.,A.driving,drive,B.drive,drive,C.drive,driving,D.driving,driving,9.,He,remained,_,there,for,he,grew,_,in,many things there.,A.staying,interesting,B.staying,interested,C.to stay,interest,D.stayed,interested,10.It happened _ when I left the station,so I,had to w

24、ait until the rain stopped.,A.to be raining,B.to have rained,C.to rain,D.raining,25,11._ more attention,the trees,could have grown,better.,A.Given B.To give,C.Giving D.Having given,12,._ these pictures,I couldnt help,thinking,of,those days when I was in Beijing and _ from the,top of a,thirty-storeyed,building,Beijing looks,more magnificent.,A.Seeing;seen B.Seen;seeing,C.Seeing;seeing D.Seen;seen,13._ his head high,the manager walked into,the room to attend the meeting _ then.,A.Holding;being held,B.Held;holding,C.Having held;held,D.Held;to be held,26,