澳大利亚电力市场资料.doc
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1、大洋州电力工业概况澳大利亚电力现状及预测2006-5-15 14:48:06 国际电力网网友评论 澳大利亚国内煤炭资源丰富,燃煤发电约占总发电量的 70% ,预计澳大利亚和新西兰燃煤发电将有所下降,到 2025 年达到 63% ,而天然气发电的比例预计将从 2001 年的 10% 达到 2025 年的 19% 。天然气发电将代替燃油和燃煤发电。 在扩大天然气发电的同时,澳大利亚也推出了发展可再生能源发电的若干举措。1997年政府设立了可再生能源基金为小型可再生能源工程提供资金。政府于 2000 年通过的可再生能源法要求电力生产商到 2020 年将可再生能源发电所占的比例增加 2% 。目前澳大利
2、亚在建中的可再生能源发电容量达到 3900 MW 。澳大利亚全国有五大区域电网:包括南澳州、维多利亚州、斯诺威地区、新南威尔士州、昆士兰州,目前已经联网。输电线路电压等级有500kV、330 kV、275 kV、220 kV、132 kV、110 kV。澳大利亚在已有电网基础设施的地区积极开展区域电力市场竞争。国家电力市场宣布维多利亚州、新南维尔士州和昆士兰州已取得了完全可竞争的电力市场,并计划将竞争扩展到塔斯马尼亚岛和南澳大利亚。 澳大利亚于1996年5月9日成立了全国电力市场规则管理委员会(NECA) 和全国电力市场管理机构(NEMMCO),以管理全国电力市场的运作。全国电力市场准则管理机
3、构NEW 负责电力市场规则的管理,包括规则的制定和修改。而全国电力市场管理机构(NEMMCO)则作为电力市场运作者,负责根据电力市场规则的各项规定组织电力市场的运营。澳大利亚的广阔地域辽阔和各地区之间的距离上人口最多的国家海岸不符合经济原则,充分从东海岸到电力互联互通。 ctricity market of eastern and southern Australia the National Electricity Market (NEM) is separate to that of the remote areas of Western Australia and the Norther
4、n Territory.东部和南部澳大利亚电力市场 - 国家电力市场(NEM)的 - 是独立的西澳和北领地偏远地区的。 Western Australia has a stand-alone market arrangement known as the Wholesale Electricity Market (WEM) operating in the South-West Interconnected System (SWIS).西澳大利亚州有一个独立的市场安排的批发电力市场(威姆)在西南互联系统(SWIS)操作系统而闻名。 In the Northern Territory, beca
5、use of its relatively small population and remoteness, there is an integrated electric utility, which can procure additional electricity from independent power producers and remote generators.在北部地区,由于其相对人口少,地处偏远,有一个综合电力公司,它可以促使从独立电力生产商和远程发电机额外的电力。 The installed capacity of Australias electricity gen
6、erators comprises 50,815 MW in grid-connected capacity and a further 5,168 MW in embedded and non-grid capacity.澳大利亚的电力发电装机容量由50815兆瓦的并网容量,另有5168嵌入式和非电网容量兆瓦。 Electricity transmission and distribution comprises 894,441 circuit kilometres.输电线路和配电包括894441公里。 There are 10.01 million electricity connecti
7、ons throughout the country.有10010000全国各地的电力连接。 National Electricity Market国家电力市场 The NEM is a wholesale market through which generators and retailers trade electricity in eastern and southern Australia.新经济模式是一个批发市场,通过它发电机和澳大利亚东部和南部的电力零售贸易。 There are six participating jurisdictions physically linked
8、by transmission network interconnectors: Queensland, New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania.有六个参与地区实际的传输网络联网的联系:昆士兰州,新南威尔士州,澳大利亚首都领地,维多利亚,南澳大利亚和塔斯马尼亚。 The NEM has around 260 registered generators, six state-based transmission networks linked by cros
9、s-border interconnectors and 13 major distribution networks that collectively supply electricity to end-use customers.新经济模式有大约260注册发电机,六国为基础的传输网络的跨境联网连接和13个主要分布集中供电网络,向最终客户使用。 In geographical span, the NEM is the largest interconnected power system in the world.在地理跨度,新经济模式是相互关联的世界上最大的电力系统。 It covers
10、 a distance of more than 5,000 kilometres, from Port Douglas in north Queensland to Port Lincoln in South Australia and Hobart in Tasmania.它涵盖了从道格拉斯港的距离超过5000公里,在北昆士兰州南澳大利亚和塔斯马尼亚岛霍巴特到林肯港。 The market has five regions known as the Queensland, Victoria, South Australia, New South Wales (which also cove
11、rs the ACT) and Tasmania regions that follow state boundaries.市场有五个地区 - 如昆士兰,维多利亚,南澳大利亚,新南威尔士(其中也包括ACT)和塔斯马尼亚地区已知的 - 即按照国家的边界。 The former Snowy region located in southern NSW was abolished from 1 July 2008, with its generation assets incorporated into the NSW and Victorian regions.前者雪位于新州南部地区7月1日被取消
12、,2008年,其发电进入新南威尔士和维多利亚地区注册成立的资产。 The NEM is a compulsory wholesale pool into which generators sell their electricity.新经济模式是一个强制性池批发销售到其中发电机的电力。 The main customers are retailers, who buy electricity for resale to business and household customers.主要客户是零售商,谁买转售给企业和家庭客户提供电力。 While it is also possible fo
13、r an end-use customer to buy directly from the pool, few choose this option.虽然也有可能最终使用客户购买直接从池中,很少选择这个选项。 The market has no physical location, but is a virtual pool in which supply bids are aggregated and dispatched to meet demand.市场没有物理位置,但它是一个虚拟池,其中供给出价汇总,并派出以应付需求。 The Australian Energy Regulator
14、monitors the market to ensure that participants comply with the National Electricity Law and the National Electricity Rules.澳大利亚能源监管机构监控市场,以确保参与者符合国家电力法和国家电力规则。 The pool is a central dispatch system and is managed by the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO), which assumed the functions of the Na
15、tional Electricity Market Management Company (NEMMCO) on 1 July 2009.池是一个中央调度系统,是由澳大利亚能源市场营运机构(AEMO),其中假定2009年7月1日国家电力市场管理公司(NEMMCO)的功能管理。 Wholesale trading in electricity is conducted as a spot market where supply and demand are instantaneously matched in real time through a centrally coordinated d
16、ispatch process.在电力批发交易市场进行现货作为一个地方的供应和需求都会立即进行实时匹配,通过一个中央协调调度的过程。 Generators offer to supply the market with specific amounts of electricity at particular prices.发电机提供电力供应与价格的具体数额,在特定的市场。 Offers are submitted every five minutes of every day.优惠提交的每一天,每五分钟。 From all offers submitted, AEMOs systems de
17、termine the generators required to produce electricity based on the principle of meeting prevailing demand in the most cost-efficient way.从提交的所有建议,AEMO的系统决定,须出示在满足以最具成本效益的方式普遍原则为基础的电力需求的发电机。 AEMO then dispatches these generators into production. AEMO然后分派到这些生产发电机。 A dispatch price is determined every
18、 five minutes, and six dispatch prices are averaged every half-hour to determine the spot price for each trading interval for each of the regions of the NEM.阿派遣价格取决于每五分钟,六调度价格平均每半小时,以确定为每个新经济模式的每个区域交投区间现货价格。 AEMO uses the spot price as the basis for the settlement of financial transactions for all e
19、nergy traded in the NEM. AEMO使用作为金融交易在NEM的能源解决方案的基础上交易的所有现货价格。 The National Electricity Rules set a maximum spot price of $12,500 per megawatt hour, which is the maximum price at which generators can bid into the market.国家电力规则为每兆瓦小时,这是最高价格的发电机可以出价最高12500进入市场的现货价格。 A minimum spot price is also set, a
20、t the rate of -$1000 per MWh.一个最低现货价格也被设置,在速度 - 1000美元每兆瓦时。 While these price limits may seem extreme, it is important to note two things.虽然这些看似极端价格限制,重要的是要注意两件事情。 First, the NEM is a highly competitive market and, in the absence of a capacity market, high prices provide the necessary signal to attr
21、act investment in new generating plant as the reserve margin falls.首先,新经济模式是一个高度竞争的市场,并在一个容量市场的情况下,高价格提供必要的信号,以吸引新的发电设备投资为备用电量下降。 Second, these extremes in price are only rarely reached the annual average price over 12 months is around $40-50 per megawatt hour.第二,在这两个极端的价格只有很少达到 - 每年超过12个月的平均价格约为每兆瓦
22、时40-50。 Participants in the NEM, whether as generators or purchasers, often protect themselves from market price fluctuations by entering into hedge contracts at a fixed price per unit.在NEM的参与者,无论是作为发电机或购买者,往往不受市场价格波动的对冲合约时将在每个单位固定价格本身。 Outside the NEM NEM的外 Western Australia has introduced a number
23、 of electricity market initiatives, including new wholesale market arrangements.西澳大利亚州已出台了多项措施,包括电力市场新的大规模的市场安排。 Western Australias Wholesale Electricity Market is administered by the Independent Market Operator (IMO).西澳大利亚州的电力批发市场的管理工作由独立的市场操作(IMO)的。 In conjunction with IMO, independent state regul
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