初一英语语法知识点总结课件.pptx

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1、,初一英语语法知识点总结复习课时一教学任务一、重点语法动词 be（am,is,are）的用法：be 动词包括“am”,“is”,“are”三种形式。第一人称单数(I)配合 am 来用。句型解析析：I am+第二人称(You)配合 are 使用。句型解析：You are+第三人称单数(He or She or It)配合 is 使用。句型解析：She(He,It)is+人称复数(we/you/they)配合 are 使用。句型解析：We(You,They)are+例句We are in Class 5,Grade 7.They are my friends.You are good studen

2、ts.用法口诀：我(I)用 am,你(you)用 are，is 跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。单数名词用 is，复数名词全用 are。变否定，更容易，be 后 not 加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末 问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。一.用括号中适当的词填空。I(am,are,is)from Australia.She(am,are,is)a student.Jane and Tom(am,is,are)my friends.My parents(am,is,are)very busy every day.(Are,Is,Do,Does)there a Chinese sc

3、hool in New York?(Be,Are,Were,Was)they excited when he heard the news?There(be)some glasses on it.If he(be)free tomorrow,he will go with us.一、用 be 动词的适当形式填空I a boy.you a boy?No,I not.The girl Jacks sister.The dog tall and fat.The man with big eyes a teacher.your brother in the classroom?Whereyour mo

4、ther?She at home.How your father?Mike and Liu Tao at school.Whose dress this?Whose socks they?That my red skirt.Who I?The jeans on the desk.14.Here a scarf for you.Here some sweaters for you.The black gloves for Su Yang.This pair of gloves for Yang Ling.The two cups of milk for me.Some tea in the gl

5、ass.Gao shans shirt over there.第二课时（1）英语人称代词和物主代词一、人称代词表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：,人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。I am a teacher.You are student.He is a student,too.We/You/They are students.人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。Give it to me.Lets go(lets=let us)二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫

6、做代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物 主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人称和数的变化见下表。,形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。如：Is this your book?No,，it isnt，its hers(her book)This pen is mine.代词练习（一）一、选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。,1.This is（my/I）mother.3.（He/His）name is Mark.5.Excuse（me/my/I）.7.（I/My）am Ben.9.Fine

7、,thank（your/you）.,2.Nice to meet（your/you）.4.Whats（she/her）name?6.Are（your/you）Miss Li?8.（She/Her）is my sister.10.How old is（he/his）,二、用所给代词的正确形式填空。These are(he)brothers.That is(she)sister.Lily is(Lucy)sister.Tom,this is(me)cousin,Mary.Now(her parent)are in America.Those(child)are(I)fathers students

8、.Do you know(it)name?Mike and Tom(be)friends.Thanks for helping(I).(Ann 安)mother is(we)teacher.三、单项选择。（）1.My family a big family.My family all here.,A.is,isB.are,are,（）2.This is.A.a picture of family,C.is,areD.are,isB.a picture of my family,C.a familys picture,D.a family of my picture,（）3.Lets good

9、friends.,A.be,B.are,C.isD.am,（）4.Is she your aunt?Yes,.,A.shesB.her isC.she is,D.he is,（）5.Are coats yours?Yes,they are.A.theyB.theseC.thisD.there（）6.Is that uncle?No,it isntA.heB.sheC.herD.hers（）7.Mrs.Green is grandmother.,A.Jim and Kate,B.Jim and Kates C.Jims and Kates D.Jim and Ka,tes（）8.Do you k

10、now the name Mr.Greens son?A.inB.ofC.onD.or（）9.the great photo of your family.A.thank forB.Thanks forC.Thank forD.thanks for（）10.Are those your friends?.A.Yes,theyre B.No,they areC.Yes,they are D.Yes,those are代词练习（二）,一 陈述句陈述句的否定结构：陈述句的否定式主要用两种结构来表达：（1）句子的谓语动词为 be,have 或者谓语动词有助动词、情态动词时，其否定 结构为：主语+谓语动

11、词/助动词/情态动词+not+其他成分I am not a teacher.我不是老师。We have not(havent)any books on animals.我们没有任何有关动物方面的书。The children are not(arent)playing in the playground.孩子们没在操场上玩。,一、用适当的代词填空1We like(he,his,him)very much.2Is this guitar(you,your,yours)?(She,Her,Hers)name is Li Li.Father bought a desk for(I,my,me,mine

12、).5(It,Its,Its)is very cold today.Is this your book,Mike?Yes,(we,you,they)are.Are you and Tom classmates?Yes,(we,you,they)are.Each of the students(have,has)a pen pal.9He has a dog.I want to have(it,one),too.10Her parents are(both,all,either)teachers.11The text is easy for you.There are(few,a few,lit

13、tle,a littl,e)new words in it.12I want(some,any)bananas.Give me these big(one,o nes).二、选择正确的答案1Is this book?,AyouBICshe,2Its a bird.name is Polly.,AIts,BItsCHis,3Whats that?a jeep.,Aits,BItsCIts,DyourDIt Dits,Whats that in English?.AIts eggBThats eggCIts a eggDIts an egg 5Whose cat is this?Is it you

14、rs?Is it a white?,Acats,BoneCones,6Please give the book to.,AI,BmeCmy,7 skirt is yours?,AWhose,BWhereCHow,DcatsDmineDWhich,8 is this pen?Its Wang Fangs.,AWhos,BWhoseCWhereDWhich,9Kate and Mike do homework in the evening.,AonesBhisCher,10There isnt water in the bottle.,AanyBsomeCno课时二（2）简单句,DtheirDa,

15、He will not(wont)come.他不会来。We must not(mustnt)forget the past.我们不能忘记过去。It could not(couldnt)be lost.它不可能丢的。（2）当句子的谓语动词是 do(即行为动词)，而且没有助动词或情态动词时，其否定结构为：主语+do(does,did)+not+动词原形+其他成分You do not(dont)come here every day.你没有每天都来这里。He does not(doesnt)teach this class.他不教这个班。They did not(didnt)watch TV las

16、t night.昨晚他们没看电视。注意：陈述句的语调一般用降调。但在表示疑问的语气时，用升调，在书面上要 用问号来表示。You really want to go to Hong Kong?你真的想去香港吗？这句话表示的是一种疑问，只不过是通过陈述的语序和疑问的语气来表达的二 疑问句疑问句是用来提出疑问的句子，句末用问号“？”。常考的疑问句有四类，即：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。第一节 一般疑问句一般疑问句通常需要用 yes 或 no 来回答，所以又叫做“是非疑问句”。在读 这种句子时要用升调。一般疑问句主要有以下几种类型：1、“be+主语+表语”结构Are you sle

17、epy?你困了吗？Yes,I am.是的，我困了。3、“情态动词+主语言+行为动词（或 be）”结构May/Can I use the telephone?我能用这部电话吗？Yes,you can.是的，可 以。5、“助动词（do,does,did）+主语+行为动词”结构Do you like swimming in summer?你喜欢夏天游泳吗？No,I dont.不，我 不喜欢。难点提示回答否定性一般疑问句时，要在 Yes 后面用肯定结构，表示肯定；在 No 后面 用否定结构，表示否定。注意在说法上正好与汉语习惯相反。诀窍是在回答的时 候，只要把它当成没有加否定形式的普通一般疑问句看待就

18、可以了。注意下面例 句的回答和它的意思。Is he not your elder brother?他不是你的哥哥吗？Yes,he is.不，他是（我的哥哥）。No,he is not.是的，他不是（我的哥哥）。Isnt she very clever?她难道不是很聪明吗？Yes,she is.不，她很聪明。No,she is not.是，她不聪明。第二节 特殊疑问句一、特殊疑问句是用来提出来特定问题的疑问句，要求听到问题的人针对特定情 况来做具体的回答，不能像一般疑问句一样简单地用 Yes 或 No 来回答，特殊 疑问句要用降调来读。二、特殊疑问句的结构：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Who do E

19、nglish homework in the evening?谁晚上做英语家庭作业？What do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么？What homework do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么家庭作业？When do you do English homework?你什么时候做英语家庭作业？三、注意：对人提问时 who“谁”对所属（谁的）提问用 whose“谁的”对哪一个提问用 which“哪一个”对时间提问用 when“什么时候”或 what time“几点”对物体提问用 what“什么”对地点提问用 where“哪里”对原因提问用 w

20、hy“为什么”对方式提问用 how“怎么样”对数量提问用how many“多少”（用于可数名词复数）或 how much“多少”（用于 不可数名词）,四、难点提示1、以 why 开头的特殊疑问句否定形式常用于表示建议、请求等。Why dont you have a try?你为什么不试试呢？2、特殊疑问句常用到一些缩略形式，在平时学习中要注意习惯这些用法。I dont want to go there.How about you?我不想去那儿，你呢？But what else?可是还有什么呢？把下列句子变成否定句：I am listening to music.Mike is a studen

21、t.3Sarah can clean the classroom.They are in the zoo.Therearesomeflowersinthe vase.This is my sister.We are sweeping the floor.We need some masks.They like making the puppet.Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house.I put a book on my head.They sing“In the classroom”together.We play basketball on Sunda

22、ys.Tom likes listening to music肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的 方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法三步法有 be 动词/情态动词：be 动词/情态动词提到句首，其余照抄，(some 改成 any，my 改成 your）句末用问号。无 be 动词/情态动词，在句首加 Do/Does/Did，其余照抄，(some 改成 any，my 改成 your）句末用问号。加 Does、did 的句子注意，句子动词要变成原型。例如：陈述句:They are in the park.He can play the guitar.一般疑问句:Are t

23、hey in the park?Can he play the guitar?陈述句:I like the ducks.He likes the dogs.一般疑问句：Do you like the ducks?Does he like the dogs?把下列句子变成一般疑问句I am listening to music.Mike is a student.Sarah can clean the classroom.They are in the zoo.Therearesomeflowersinthe vase.This is my sister.We are sweeping the

24、floor.We need some masks.They like making the puppet.Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house.I put a book on my head.They sing“In the classroom”together.We play basketball on Sundays.Tom likes listening to music,关于特殊疑问词1、根据划线部分确定是什么疑问词,后面写原句变成的一般疑问句，句末问号。2、how many 后必须先写物品，再写一般疑问句等。1、A:is the boy in

25、blue?B:Hes Mike.2、A:pen is it?B:Its mine.3、A:is the diary?B:Its under the chair.4、A:is the Chirstmas Day?B:Its on the 25th of December.5、A:are the earphones?B:They are 25 yuan.6、A:is the cup?B:Its blue.7、A:is it today?B:Its Sunday.8、A:was it yesterday?B:It was the 13th of October.9、A:this red one?B:

26、Its beautiful.12.A:is your cousin?B:Hes 15 years old.13、A:do you have dinner?B:At 6 oclock 综合练习The children have a good time in the park.否定句：一般疑问句：1.There is only one problem.否定句：一般疑问句：肯定/否定回答：7.She has some bread for lunch today.否定句：一般疑问句：肯定/否定回答：.句型转换题1.The girl is singing in the classroom.(改为否定句）

27、改为一般疑问句I can speak English.(改为一般疑问句）I am writing now.(同上）I have a desk and a chair.(用 He 做主语改写句子）She is buying some food in the supermarket.（改为否定句）10.Does she like growing flowers?（给予否定回答）课时三英语名词单数变复数的规则一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。读音变化：结尾是清辅音读s，结尾是浊辅音或元音读z。例：friendfriends;catcats;stylestyles;sport

28、sports;piecepieces二、凡是以 s、z、x、ch、sh 结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es 构成复数。读音变化：统一加读iz。例：busbuses;quizquizzes;foxfoxes;matchmatches;flashflashes三、以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词，将 y 改变为 i，再加-es。读音变化：加读z。例：candycandies;daisydaisies;fairyfairies;ladyladies;storystories四、以-o 结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s 构成复数。读音变化：加读z。例：tomatotomatoes;p

29、otatopotatoes;torpedotorpedoes;bingobingoes反例：silosilos;pianopianos（外来词）;photophotos;五、以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词，多为将-f 或-fe 改变为-ves，但有例外。读音变化：尾音f改读vz。例：knifeknives;lifelives;leafleaves;staffstaves;scarfscarves反例：roofroofs六、部分单词的复数形式不变。读音变化：保持原音。例：fishfish;sheepsheep;cattlecattle;deerdeer;七、极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。读音

30、变化：没有规律。例：manmen;womanwomen;childchildren;personpeople;oxoxen八、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词,例：footfeet;manmenmousemice;,toothteeth;womanwomen,九、有些名词是单数、复数不分的例：deer;fish;cannon;sheep;salmon 鲑鱼;trout 鳟鱼十、一些名词虽分单数、复数，但出现次数多的总是单数词例：abscence;clothing;film;help;furniture 家具;machinery 机械;news;scenery 风 景;sugar;tra

31、ffic 交通十一、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多例：bellows 风箱;clothes;police;shorts 短裤;scissors 剪刀;spectacles 眼镜;shears大剪刀trousers 长裤;wages 工资十二、若表达具体数目，要借助数量词例：pair(对，双);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers 十三、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，例：goods 货物，waters 水域，fishes（各种）鱼十四、除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。例：a dollar,two

32、 dollars;a meter,two meters以 O 结 尾 的 词，许 多 加 es 构 成 复 数，特 别 是 一 些 常 用 词 如：heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoes,tornadoes,torpedoes,dominoes,vetoes,mosquitoes,Ne groes,mangoes,buffaloes,volcanoes但下面几类词只加 s：1.以“元音+o”或“oo”结尾的词 如:videos,radios,studios,zoos,bamboos,kangaroos,2.一些外来词，特别是音乐方面的词，如：pianos,3.一些缩写词

33、和专有名词，如：kilos,photos,写出下列名词复数leaf puppy_ box knife fly_ fox bus bench brush kiss church dish ruler peach glass pencil boy_ zoo man roof sheep knife lady_ key_ story_ watch bamboo city_ family_ day_ apple eraser speech thief mouse fish goose people ox Chinese deer foot child tooth guy_ hero spy_ boss

34、 monkey_ city goat radio horse dog 用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：1There are so many_(wolf)in the forest.2There are three(chair)in the classroom.3These(tomato)are red.4(hero)are great.5My brother looks after two(baby)6There are some(deer)eating the grass.7My father likes to eat(potato).8Chinese(people)like to eat

35、 noodles.9I have a lot of(toy)in my bedroom.10I help my mother wash(dish)in the kitchen.11I have two(pencil-box).12There are some(bus)in the street.13Peter has eight(foot).14Linda has three(tooth).15There are some(child)in the garden.16Michael likes the(mouse).17There are some(goose)in the river.18M

36、y uncle and father are(man).19Tom and King are(boy).20Linda has three(tooth).选出正确形式1I can see three in the zoo.A monkeys B monkeys C monkey,2.The pig has four.A.footB.feetC.foots 3.My two brothers are both.,A.policemanB.policemansC.policemen 4.There are four in the class.A.JapaneseB.JapanesesC.Japan

37、5.I can see ten in the picture.A.sheep,B.dogC.pig,6.The has three.A.boys,watchesB.boy,watchC.boy,watches7.C an you see on the plate?A.bread B.breads C.breades 8.The girl often brushes her before she goes to bed.A.toothB.toothsC.teeth9.Mr Black often drink some.A.milk B.milks C.milkes 10.There are so

38、me on the floor.A.childB.waterC.books will learn English.A.WomanB.WomenC.Man 12.Lucy will show us some new of hers.A.photoB.photosC.photoesI drank two.A.bottles of orangeB.bottle of orangeC.bottles of orangesThe cat eats two last night.A.mousesB.miceC.mouseI need a pen and some.A.booksB.deskC.chair1

39、6 Jim was late for two classes this morning.He said that he forgot both of the.A.rooms numberB.Room numberC.Rooms numberD.Room numbersThe newly-built library is a building.A.five-storeyB.five storeysC.five-storeysD.five storeys18.-Whose umbrella is it?-Its.A.somebody elsesB.Somebody elseC.Somebodys

40、elsesD.Somebodys elseI feel terribly hot,Whats the?A.temperature of roomB.Rooms temperatureC.Room temperatureD.Temperature of rooms will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.A.The EvensB.The Evens C.The EvensesD.The Evenses 21.The girl talking to Mary is a friend of.A.Marys siste

41、r B.Mary sistersC.Marys sisters D.sister of Marys22.The woman over there is mother.A.Julia and Shelleys B.Julias and ShelleysC.Julia and Shelley D.Julias and ShelleyHe is very tired.He needs.A.a night rest B.a rest nightC.a nights rest D.a rest of night-Excuse me，where are offices?-Over thereA teach

42、ers B teachers C the teachers D the teachers25Today is September 10th.Its Day.Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A.TeacherB.TeachersC.the TeachersD.Teachers课时四现在进行时 现在进行时用法：一般结构：肯定句式：主语+be(am,is,are)+现在分词+其它.否定句式：主语+be(am,is,are)+not+现在分词+其它.一般疑问句：Be(am,is,are)+主语+现在分词+其它？特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am,

43、is,are)+主语+现在分词+其它？对一般疑问句作答，肯定回答：yes,主语+be,否定回答：no,主语+be not对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答，它不可以用 Yes 或 No 直接作答，要根据实 际情况回答。Eg：They are working these days.He is buying a bike.They arent working these days.He isnt buying a bike.Are they working these days?Is he buying a bike?,What are they doing these days?What is he

44、 doing?现在分词的变法有1、一般在动词词尾加上-ing,Jumpjumpinggogoing,pushingpushing,playplaying2、以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，先去 e，再加-ing.Taketakeingleaveleavingwritewriting havehaving3、.以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，它前面是单个元音字母时 要先将词尾的辅音字母双写，再加上-ing.,fitfitting beginbeginning,Cutcuttingputputtingstopstopping forgetforgetting4.以 ie 结尾的词，将 i

45、e 变为 y 再加 ing Lielying,练习：尽管现在进行时比较简单，但在做题过程中也常会犯一些错误，常见的错误 有如下几种：自我检测1、Look!He their mother do the housework.A.is helpingB.are helpC.is helpD.is helpping2、are the boys doing?They are singing in the room.A.WhoB.HowC.WhatD.Where3、Dont talk here.My mother.,D.sleepD.writes,A.is sleepingB.are sleepingC.

46、sleeping 4、Danny.Dont call him.A.is writeing B.is writingC.writing 5、When he back?,Sorry,I dont know.A.does,comeB.are comingC.is comeD.is coming 6、Its ten oclock.My mother(lie)in bed.7、What he(mend)?8、We(play)games now.9、What you(do)thesse days?10、he(clean)the classroom?,11、Who(sing)in the next room

47、?12、The girl(like)wearing a sweater.Look!She(wear)a red sweater today.,二、常见方位介词短语（一）、由介词 in 构成的方位介词短语1、in the front 在前面3、in the back row 在后排5、in front of.在.前面（范围之外）,围之内）7、in the middle 在中间,2、in the front row 在前排4、in the third row 在第三排 6、in the front of.在.前部（范 8、in the street 在街上10、in the tree 在树上（指飞

48、鸟,9、in the middle of.在中间 等外来物）,2、at the back of.在.所在范围4、at the top of.在.顶部 6、at the head of.在.前头 8、at the station 在车站10、at my uncles 在我叔叔家12、at the doctors 在医务室/在,2、on ones right/left 在某人的右（左）,（二）、由介词 at 构成的方位介词短语1、at the front of.在.所在范围的前一部分 的后一部分3、at the foot of.在.脚下 5、at the end of.在.尽头7、at the（s

49、chool）gate 在（校）门口 9、at No.2 Changan Road 在长安路 2 号 11、at home 在家诊所（三）、由介词 on 构成的方位介词短语1、on the right/left 在右（左）边 边,4、on the right-hand/left-hand side6、on/in the wall 在墙上/里8、on the tree 在树上（指树上长的，,3、on the desk/table 在课桌/桌上 在右/左手边5、on the blackboard 在黑板上7、on the paper 在纸上 结的东西）,三、其它介词构成的方位介词短语1、next t

50、o 靠近/贴近2、beside the desk 在课桌旁 3、behind the door 在门后4、under the bed 在床下 5、near the window 靠近窗户 6、outside the gate 在门外 课时五祈 使 句一、单项选择：Please,theyre having a meeting.A.not be so noisyB.be quiteC.mustnt talkD.no speaking to meet me at the station.Ill be waiting there.A.Not to forgetB.Not forgetC.Forget