服装行业的市场营销策略.doc

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1、服装行业的市场营销策略德国统计学家恩斯特恩格尔发现，家庭收入与食品支出之比显示出生活富裕程度。随着家庭收入增多，用于食品的开支下降，用于服装、住宅、交通、娱乐、旅游、保健、教育等项目的开支上升。我国在80年代末城镇居民用于服装支出的比重占11%；在90年代末占17%，人均服装消费增加了332元。服装市场前景灿烂。诚如虚有市场，并不等于实有市场。企业成在营销，也败在营销。二十一世纪的服装市场，一定是营销型企业的天地。服装企业应当更重视市场营销策略。对此，作为营销研究策划人，笔者特对服装的市场营销进行综合研究，愿将成果与读者分享。 一、生活水平与服装观念 1.生活水平低质时期的服装观念是： 服装是

2、护体之物； 服装是遮羞之物 服装是生活习惯和风俗； 服装是社会规范的需要。 2.生活水平高质时期的服装观念是： 服装是生活快乐之物； 服装是机能活动之物； 服装是心理满足之物； 服装是社会流行要求之物。 二、实际消费需求的产生 消费者对产品的兴趣并不能构成消费的实际需求。在实际生活中，消费者需求的满足程度和满足方式主要取决于消费者的经济状况。亦即，消费者只有同时具备购买欲望和购买力两个要素，才能产生实际购买行为。 三、服装流行的特点 1.新颖性 这是流行最为显著的特点。流行的产生基于消费者寻求变化的心理和追求“新”的表达。人们希望对传统的突破，期待对新生的肯定。这一点在服装上主要表现为款式、面

3、料、色彩的三个变化上。因此，服装企业要把握住人们的“善变”心理，以迎合消费“求异”需要。 2.短时性 “时装”一定不会长期流行；长期流行的一定不是“时装”。一种服装款式如果为众人接受，便否定了服装原有的“新颖性”特点，这样，人们便会开始新的“猎奇”。如果流行的款式被大多数人放弃的话，那么该款式时装便进入了衰退期。 3.普及性 一种服装款式只有为大多数目标顾客接受了，才能形成真正的流行。追随、模仿是流行的两个行为特点。只有少数人采用，无论如何是掀不起流行趋势的。 4.周期性 一般来说，一种服装款式从流行到消失，过去若干年后还会以新的面目出现。这样，服装流行就呈现出周期特点。日本学者内山生等人发现

4、，裙子的长短变化周期约为24年左右。 四、服装流行的基本规律 经笔者研究，服装流行的规律，可称为“极点反弹效应”。 一种款式服装的发展，一般是宽胖之极必向窄瘦变动；长大之极必向短小变动；明亮之极必向灰暗变动，鲜艳之极必向素丽变动。所以，“极点反弹”成为服装流行发展的一个基本规律。大必小、长必短、开必合、方必圆、尖必钝、俏必愚、丽必丑极左必极右，愈极愈反。例如，18世纪的撑裙，直径达到2.4米，在房中移动十分不便。到了本世纪60后代超短裙取而代之。这正是从“极大”到“极小”的反弹效应。 五、服装流行的基本法则 美国学者E斯通和J萨姆勒斯认为： 1.流行时装的产生取决于消费者对新款式的接受或拒绝。

5、这个观点与众不同。二人认为，时装不是由设计师、生产商、销售商创造的，而是由“上帝”创造的。服装设计师们每个季节都推出几百种新款式，但成功流行的不足10%。 2流行时装不是由价格决定的。服装服饰的标价并不能代表其是否流行。但在研究中笔者发现，一旦一种高级时装出现在店头、街头，并为人所欢迎，那么大量的仿制品就会以低廉的价格为流行推波助澜。 3.流行服装的本质是演变的，但很少有真正的创新。完全的的新只有两次，一次发生在法国大革命时期；一次发生于1947年迪奥发表的新外观。一般来说，款式的变化是渐进式的。顾客购买服装只是为了补充或更新现有的衣服，如果新款式与现行款式太离谱，顾客就会拒绝购买。因此，服装

6、企业更应关注“目前流行款式”，并以此为基础来创新设计。 4.任何促销努力都不能改变流行趋势。许多生产者和经销者试图改变现行趋势而推行自己的流行观念，但几乎没有一次是成功的。即使是想延长一下流行时间也是白费气力。因此，服装商人一般是该出手时就出手，该“跳楼”时就“跳楼”。 5.任何流行服装最终都会过时。推陈出新是时装的规律。服装失去原有的魅力，存在便失去意义。 六、服装流行花期 根据产品的生命周期原理，笔者将服装的市场生命周期，叫做“流行花期”。 1.花蕾期流行启蒙期（顾客数占10%）； 2.花放期流行追逐期（顾客数增35%）； 3.花红期流行攀顶期（顾客数增40%）； 4.花败期流行跌落期（顾

7、客数增15%）。 服装流行花期的特点：花败期跌落线不会很长，因为任何经销商不会努力阻止它下降，反而会“甩货”加速其跌落。 七、服装六大属性 品牌、款式、颜色、面料、做工、价格。 八、服装二大族类 品牌族与款式族。 1.一类企业追求服装品牌制造品牌服装； 2.另一类企业追求服装款式制造款式服装。 3.一类顾客追求品牌服装关爱生活形象； 4.另一类顾客追求款式服装注重个性体现。 九、女性顾客三大族 笔者认为，观人看“项”看脖子上的饰物，可以显示其人生。 笔者把女性服装顾客细分为三大类： 1.红项族项上有宝石饰物者； 2.黄项族项上有金银饰物者； 3.白项族项上无饰物者。 经笔者研究，在购买服装时对

8、“品牌”和“款式”的选择上，各类细分群以社会地位、经济实力不同而存在着较大的差异性。 品牌与款式选择的比率如下： 红项族：82开（80%首选品牌，20%首选款式）； 黄项族：55开（50%首选品牌，50%首选款式）； 白项族：28开（20%首选品牌，80%首选款式）。 十、服装购买三步曲 （看）款式（摸）面料（问）价格。 十一、服装购买的特点 这个特点就是：十分在意他人的评价。 由于服饰也是穿给别人看的，服饰具有自我展示作用，因而顾客在购买服装时比较在意他人的看法，在选购时一般会征求同伴的意见。 十二、经笔者研究，特设计服装营销程序如下：Editors note: Judson Jones i

9、s a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space

10、 hear the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug o

11、n the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im

12、 anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up

13、 there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch

14、.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will

15、 never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I k

16、new it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the dis

17、appointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with c

18、apsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometer

19、s) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assum

20、e, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool.

21、It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. Bu

22、t this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5

23、,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a sp

24、eed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.