独立主格结构讲解及习题课件.ppt

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1、独立主格结构讲解及习题,独立主格结构,独立主格结构的模式是：主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语(作逻辑主语）（作逻辑谓语）,1.All our savings gone,we started looking for jobs.,2.The question settled,we went home.,3.The river having risen in the night,the crossing was impossible.,主格名词/代词+分词(过去分词/现在分词）,主格名词/代词+形容词,1.His mother being ill,he had to stay h

2、ome to look after her.,2.Other things being equal,I would buy the black dress.,主格名词/代词+副词,The meeting being over,our headmaster soon left the meeting-room.,We to care for the children,you are able to be carefree away from home.,主格名词/代词+不定式,主格名词/代词+介词短语,Our English teacher came into the classroom,pap

3、ers in hand.,一、独立主格结构的构成形式1、逻辑主语+V-ing这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。如：1)._no bus,we had to walk home.A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was,A,2)_no bus,we had to walk home.A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was3)_Sunday,the library doesnt open.A.Being B

4、.There being C.It being D.Having been4)_Sunday,the library doesnt open.A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is,B,C,D,2、逻辑主语+V-ed该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。1)_,the train started.A.The signal given B.Giving the signal B.The signal being given D.The signal giving2)_,the train started.A.After having given t

5、he signal B.After the signal given C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given,A,D,3)_,the text became easier for us to learn.A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words4)_,the text became easier for us to learn.When new words were expla

6、inedExplaining new words New words explaining Being explained new words,B,A,3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主系表”结构。如：1)_,the patient can leave the hospital.A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions2)_,the patient can leave the hospital.A.If better conditio

7、ns B.If conditions better C.If conditions are better D.Being better conditions,B,C,3._,wed like to go outing.A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK4._,wed like to go outing.A.If Sunday is OK B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday OK D.A,B and C5._,you can wait a while.A.The play being still on

8、 B.The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and B,B,D,D,不能省略being(having been)的情形,在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略。(1)独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：It being Sunday,we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。(2)在There being名词的结构中。如：There being no bus,we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家,二、独立主格结构在整句中

9、可作以下成分：1、原因状语该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。如：1)._ no bus,we had to walk home.A.There being B.As there was C.There was D.A and B2)._Sunday,the library doesnt open.A.It being B.As it is C.Being D.A and B,A,D,3._,I had to ask for two days leave.A.Mother being ill B.Bother ill C.As mother was ill D.A,B and C4

10、._,we have to work late into the night.A.The exam near B.The exam being near C.As the exam is near D.A,B and C,D,D,2、时间状语独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由when,as soon as,after等引导的时间状语从句。如：1._,the train started.A.The signal given B.After the signal was given C.Given the signal D.A and B2._,the text became easier fo

11、r us to learn.New words explainedB.When new words were explainedC.When teacher explained new wordsD.all the above,D,D,3、条件状语 独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由if引导的条件状语从句。如：1)._,well go to visit the Great Wall.A.Weather permitting B.If weather permits C.If permitting D.A and B2.)_,the patient will recover himself so

12、on.A.If the treatment is in time B.The treatment in time C.The treatment being in time D.A,B and C,D,D,4、伴随状语独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。如：1).We have lessons every day,_.A.Sunday included B.Sunday including C.Sunday is including D.all the above2).The boy fell asleep,_.A.cap on head B.with a cap on he

13、ad C.a cap on was on head D.all the above,A,A,3.Father came home,_ A.a dog following him B.followed by a dog C.being followed by a dog D.all the above,D,分词、独立主格和“with+复合宾语”作状语的区别分词结构、独立主格结构、with+复合宾语结构在句中均可作状语，其区别是这样的：一、分词在句中作状语时句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语，即主句主语是分词的动作执行者（用现在分词）或动作承受者（用过去分词或现在分词被动式）。这种情况下的分词短语可以改为

14、相应的状语从句或并列谓语。,分词短语在句中常作以下状语：1、原因状语 1._late,we had to walk home.A.Being B.As we were C.We being D.A and B 2._ busy,they had no time to play.A.As they were B.Being C.Because they were D.all the above,D,D,2、时间状语1._ the students homework,the teacher found a lot of mistakes.A.When he was correcting B.Whe

15、n he corrected C.Correcting D.all the above 2._by your teachers,you are supposed to be modest.A.When you are praised B.Praised C.When praised D.all the above,D,D,3、条件状语1._ more time,he is sure to finish his test paper.A.If he is given B.If given C.Given D.all the above 2._ another chance,Ill do my j

16、ob better.A.If I have B.If having C.Having D.all the above,D,D,4、伴随状语1.Father came back,_ a bag of money on his left shoulder.A.carrying B.he was carrying C.and carrying D.all the above2.Father came back,_ by a monkey.A.and he was followed B.followed C.and was followed D.all the above,D,A,二、独立主格结构和w

17、ith+复合宾语结构在句子中作状语时，这种结构内部的分词或介词短语的逻辑主语不是整句的主语，即主句主语与分词的逻辑主语不一致。如：1._,well go fishing in the country.A.Permitting weather B.Weather permitted C.Weather permitting D.Permitting,C,2._,he finished playing the game of chess.A.His eyes closing B.With his eyes closed C.Closed eyes D.Closed his eyes3._,I co

18、uldnt get the book I wanted.A.Closed B.Library closed C.Closing library D.With library closing,B,B,三、使用分词短语、独立主格结构、with+复合宾语结构分别在句子中作状语时要注意：它们与主句之间不应有从属连词（如when,if,as soon as,as,while等）或并列连词（如and,but,or,so等）。例如：1._ the teacher told the class to go through the text A.Checking the answersB.Checking th

19、e answers and C.When checking the answers and D.all the above,A,2._a rainy day,so all the farmers had to stay inside.A.It being B.Being C.It was D.all the above3.As_a little sick,he remained at the clinic.A.feeling B.he felt C.he felling D.all the above,C,B,四、在使用独立主格结构、with+复合宾语结构、分词结构作句子的状语时，一定要看句子

20、主语同这些结构的逻辑关系。1、当句子主语与该状语内部动词之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系时，该状语可用分词结构或从句表示。1)_ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.Lost B.As he was lost C.He lost D.A and B,D,2)._for the bus at the stop,he suddenly caught sight of a thief.A.Waiting B.When he was waiting C.As he was waiting D.all the above2、若句子主

21、语与状语内动词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系且状语内有自已的逻辑主语。则该状语不能用分词结构，只能用独立主格结构、with+复合宾语结构或从句。如：,D,1.The soldier fell asleep _.A.with the candle burning B.burning the candle C.when he was burning the candle D.when burning the candle2._,the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful.A.Being on B.When being on C.With all the l

22、ights on D.When it turns on all the lights,A,C,3._ the notice,he had an idea.A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching D.all the above4._ the notice,an idea came to his mind.A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching D.all the above,D,A,无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构，都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语。如下例中的was就必须去掉：,He sat at the desk reading with a pen was in his right hand.,