备考MBA每周一练详解.doc
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1、备考2012MBA每周一练详解 9月23日每周一练Part I Reading ComprehensionPassage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.1 主题句TS开门见山:媒体暴力肆虐 There are good reasons to be troubled by the violence that spreads throughout the media. Movies, Television and video games are full of gunplay and bloodshed, and on
2、e might reasonably ask whats wrong with a society that presents videos of domestic violence as entertainment. 把家庭暴力作为娱乐的社会到底怎么了。2 Most researchers agree that the causes of 因果逻辑 real-world violence are complex. A 1993 study by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences listed “biological, individual, fami
3、ly, peer, school, and community factors” as all playing their parts.【注】真实世界暴力产生的原因有很多:biological, individual, family, peer, school, and community factors。3 承认的事实 Viewing abnormally large amounts of violent television and video games may well contribute to 因果逻辑 violent behavior in certain individuals
4、. The trouble comes when researchers downplay 不予重视 uncertainties in their studies or overstate 夸大 the case for causality (因果关系) 隐藏的转折逻辑. Skeptics 怀疑论者 were dismayed 失望 several years ago when a group of societies including the American Medical Association tried to end the debate by issuing a joint st
5、atement: “At this time, well over 1,000 studies. point overwhelmingly 压倒性地 to a causal connection between 因果逻辑 media violence and aggressive behavior in some children.” 论据是反例:反例说明怀疑论者对于某些组织包括美国医疗组织草率论调的失望。4 Freedom-of-speech advocates accused the societies of catering to politicians, and even disput
6、ed the number of studies (most were review articles and essays, they said). 反对夸张媒体暴力者指责这些组织迎合政客,夸大事实,用少量研究说明问题 【论据】When Jonathan Freedman, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, reviewed the literature, he found only 200 or so studies of television-watching and aggression. And when he w
7、eeded out 除去 “the most doubtful measures of aggression”, only 28% supported a connection.5 The critical point here is causality 因果关系. The alarmists 杞人忧天者 say they have proved that violent media cause 因果逻辑 aggression. 某些alrmist的观点 But 转折逻辑 the assumptions behind their observations need to be examined
8、. 转折逻辑,媒体暴力与真实世界暴力之间的关系有待证实 When labeling games as violent or non-violent, should a hero eating a ghost 幽灵 really be counted as a violent event? And when experimenters record the time it takes game players to read aggressive or non-aggressive words from a list, can we be sure what they are actually
9、measuring? 作者问这些是暴力么?怎么定义暴力? The intent of the new Harvard Center on Media and Child Health to collect and standardize 使标准化 studies of media violence in order to compare their methodologies, assumptions and conclusions is an important step in the right direction.6 主题句TS Another appropriate step woul
10、d be to tone down the criticism until we know more. 下一步只有在有了更多数据后才能继续,也就是结论不能妄下 Several researchers write, speak and testify 证实 quite a lot on the threat posed by violence in the media. That is, of course, their privilege. But when doing so, they often come out with statements that the matter has no
11、w been settled, drawing criticism from colleagues. 反例,还没有怎么研究就说已经解决了,事情就是这样了 In response, the alarmists accuse critics and news reporters of being deceived by the entertainment industry. Such clashes 冲突 help neither science nor society. 这么做的危害1. Why is there so much violence shown in movies, TV and
12、video games? D【解析】细节题。题目问“为何在电影、电视和视频游戏中有这么多暴力?”根据题干关键信息“movies, TV and video games”定位至第1段最后一句话“Movies, Television and video games are full of gunplay and bloodshed, and one might reasonably ask whats wrong with a society that presents videos of domestic violence as entertainment.”A) There is a lot
13、of violence in the real world today. 答非所问!B) Something has gone wrong with todays society. 答非所问!C) Many people are fond of gunplay and bloodshed. 无中生有,主管答题!D) Showing violence is thought to be entertaining. 正确!最后一句话的同义置换2. What is the skeptics (Line 3. Para. 3) view of media violence? B【解析】细节题。A) Vi
14、olence on television is a fairly accurate reflection of real-world life. 无中生有!B) Most studies exaggerate the effect of media violence on the viewers.C) A causal relationship exists between media and real-world violence. 方向反!D) The influence of media violence on children has been underestimated. 无中生有
15、!3. The author uses the term “alarmists” (Line 1. Para. 5) to refer to those who _C_.【解析】词义题。A) use standardized measurements in the studies of media violence B) initiated the debate over the influence of violent media on reality C) assert a direct link between violent media and aggressive behaviorD
16、) use appropriate methodology in examining aggressive behavior 4. In refuting the alarmists, the author advances his argument by first challenging _D_.【解析】细节题。定位至第5段,见文章分析。A) the source and amount of their dataB) the targets of their observationC) their system of measurementD) their definition of vi
17、olence5. What does the author think of the debate concerning the relationship between the media and violence? A【解析】段落主旨题:定位在第一句话。A) More studies should be conducted before conclusions are drawn.B) It should come to an end since the matter has now been settled. 无中生有!C) The past studies in this field
18、have proved to be misleading. 无中生有!D) He more than agrees with the views held by the alarmists. 方向反!Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.1过去的事实 It used to be that people were proud to work for the same company for the whole of their working lives. Theyd get a gold watch at
19、 the end of their productive years and a dinner featuring speeches by their bosses praising their loyalty 忠诚. But 转折逻辑 todays rich capitalists have regressed (倒退) to the “survival of the fittest” ideas and their loyalty extends not to their workers or even to their stockholders but only to themselve
20、s. 资本家只为了自己的利益 Instead of giving out gold watches worth a hundred or so dollars for forty or so years of word, they grab 攫取 tens and even hundreds of millions of dollars as they sell for their own profit the company they may have been with for only a few years.2 整段引申及论据 The new rich selfishly act on
21、 their own to unfairly grab the wealth that the country as a whole has produced. The top 1 percent of the population now has wealth equal to the whole bottom 95 percent and they want more. Their selfishness is most shamelessly expressed in downsizing and outsourcing (将产品包给分公司做) because these busines
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