托福独立写作开头结尾段如何写好.doc

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1、托福独立写作开头结尾段如何写好 为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家整理一些托福写作小知识，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。托福独立写作开头结尾段如何写好?实用高分写法技巧解析托福独立写作开头段写法分享开头段主要用以下几种方法来组织，即背景法(Background)，争议法(Controversy)，提问法(Question)，故事法(Story)和引言法(Quotation)。以背景法为例。背景法一般会提出一种普遍的或值得关注的现象作为背景或者是由远到近，由大到小地谈论紧扣论题的社会观点作为背景。背景法开头段的结构通常如下：背景(1-3句)+论题+反方观点+(反方理由)+过度+(正方观点)+

2、作者的观点+作者的理由。以20XX年8月11日的独立写作试题为例：Technologymakes peoples lives more complicated.题目涉及到了现今社会比较热门的话题-科技。这样，我们就可以以这种社会比较关注的现象作为我们作文的开头背景。因此这个题目的首段就可以这样开始：Technologyhas had tremendous impacts on every aspect of modern life. However, people arehaving conflicting opinions about whether it has made peoples

3、lives morecomplicated or not. I believe technology has by and large made our lives moreconvenient。第一句话就是一句紧贴社会的背景，这样写不但很容易打开考生自己的思路，抓住作文的焦点，还能引起考官的共鸣。托福独立写作结尾段怎么写?介绍：*结尾段落虽然并不像开头和中间段落那样重要，然而没有结尾的*是不完整的，不符合基本写作要求。所以考生在考场上一定要在结尾处再次声明自己观点(restatement)，或者提出新的希望，或者提出解决问题的方案，从而让考官有一种善始善终的良好印象。总而言之，一篇高分独立作

4、文，考生需要先写出足够水平的开头结尾段才行，上文中提到的写法技巧，还请大家认真学习参考，为考试做好准备。托福写作句式运用心得分享 倒装句改写技巧实例精讲托福写作完全倒装句式改写技巧实例讲解1. here, there, now, then等副词引导的句子，通常称作把时间状语，地点状语提前的倒装句，其谓语动词通常跟在时间or地点状语之后。A controversy whether starting school day early is a better choice appears then.变成：Then appears a controversy whether starting scho

5、ol day early is a better choice.In the urban cities, an increasing number of ambitious youngsters who attempt to earn a better living live there.变成：In the urban cities, there live an increasing number of ambitious youngsters who attempt to earn a better living.2. 为了使描述的景象更生动，常把拟声词或away, in, out, up,

6、 down等状语放在句首，从而引起主谓全部倒装。Down it fell from the apple tree.The door opened, in rush the crowed.Up went the arrow总结1,2： here, there/now, then/in, out/up, down/ away + 谓语动词 + 主语3. 句首状语是表示地点的介词词组时，也完全倒装: 地点状语+谓语+主语很多工厂位于都市。Many factories lie in urban cities.变成：In urban cities lie many factories.越来越多的学生在美

7、国学习，为了更先进的教育体系和多元文化。Students in a growing number study in America, for advanced educational system and diversified culture.变成：In America study students in a growing number, for advanced educational system and diversified culture.更多的市民选择住在在他们老了以后住小城市。More citizens choose to live in a small town when

8、they grow older.变成：In a small town choose to live more citizens, when they grow older.更多的年轻人选待在家里放松。Many more young people stay at home for relaxation.变成：At home stay many young people for relaxation.4. 表语 放在句首，倒装结构采用：“表语+ 系动词 + 主语”1)形容词+系动词+主语:大学生很担忧他们未来的职业发展，使他们找各种兼职工作希望去尽可能多的培养技能。College students

9、 are anxious about their future career development, leading them to take various different part-time jobs with the hoping to cultivate techniques as many as possible.变为：Anxious about their future career development are college students, leading them to take various different part-time jobs with the

10、hoping to cultivate techniques as many as possible.2)现在/过去分词+系动词+主语：中国正发生巨大的变化。The dramatic change is taking place in China.变成：Taking place in China is the dramatic change.7-12岁的小孩上不了小学的现象已经一去不复返了。The phenomena that many kids aging from 7 to 12 years old cannot attend primary schools are gone.变成：Gon

11、e are the phenomena that many kids aging from 7 to 12 years old cannot attend primary schools.发展中和发达国家都遭受了前所未有的经济危机。Both developing and developed countries are confronted with an unprecedented economic crisis.变成：Confronted with an unprecedented economic crisis are both developing and developed count

12、ries.目前学校基础设施的质量正在经历巨大的提升。The quality of infrastructure facilities in current schools is experiencing a huge improvement变成：Experiencing a huge improvement is the quality of infrastructure facilities in current universities.日渐衰败的传统企业处于激烈的竞争市场中。Traditional enterprises of gradual dilapidation is involv

13、ed in the market of fierce competition变成：Involved in the market of fierce competition is traditional enterprises of gradual dilapidation.3)介词 + 系动词 + 主语：由睡眠不足引起的劳累和注意力不集中是导致交通事故的主要因素。The fatigue and distraction caused by inadequate sleep are among the main contributors to traffic accidents.变成：Among

14、the main contributors to traffic accidents are the fatigue and distraction caused by inadequate sleep.提升教师的工资是提升教学效率最重要的因素的之一。Increasing teachers salaries is one of the most indispensable methods to facilitate the improvement of teaching efficiency.变成：Among the most indispensable methods to facilita

15、te the improvement of teaching efficiency is increasing teachers salaries.托福写作高分句式语料素材汇总分享 论证展开优质句型介绍托福写作满分句式推荐：展开论证类原文材料：If politicians dither over bank rescues, if countries that can stimulate safely do not do enough, and if fearful investors shy away from emerging markets, the odds of a lasting r

16、ecovery of the global economy seem slim.推荐句型：If., if, and if, the odds of seem slim.推荐理由：“如果 , 如果, 如果, 机会将会变得渺茫” 排比句在论证展开的时候是非常好用的：既能保证篇幅字数，也具备通顺的逻辑结构，同时还有很强的可读性。在强调某个主体的重要性时，就可以写出类似如果你不重视我，你想要高飞的机会将会变得很渺茫之类的内容。原创例句：1. If politicians dither overenvironmental protection, if private high-tech enterpri

17、ses that can contribute positively do not make enough efforts, and if consumers shy away from expensive green products, the odds of a healthy and sustainable mode of development seem slim.2. If students dither over after school art training, if schools that are supposed to be a propagator of knowled

18、ge do not do enough, and if parents shy away from the soaring cost of art courses, the odds of improving childrens competitiveness in this changing world seem slim.学以致用：1. Most of the environmental issues are too complex to be handled by individuals.这个题目在写的时候我们完全可以先承认环境问题的复杂性，可能需要政府的参与才能解决，然而我们也不能忽略

19、个人的努力的重要性，所以这个问题是需要多方合作的，任何一方的作用都不能被忽视;2. Younger school children (aged five to ten) should be required to study art and music in addition to math, language, science and history.现在的孩子该不该学习艺术一直是家长老师和学校关注纠结的一点。然而，在竞争激烈的社会，如果不重视孩子的全面发展的话，很有可能孩子就会变得没有竞争力，想要鹤立鸡群的机会也会变得渺茫。托福写作高分句式语料素材汇总分享 观点转折精彩句型分享托福写作满分

20、句式推荐：转折观点类原文材料：It would be too simplistic to put all of this down to a cultural propensity to defer to bullying corporate bosses.推荐句型：It would be too simplistic to put all of this down to It would be too + adj. to put A solely down to B推荐理由：如果把这一切归结于 , 那么就会过于简单了。”其实句子的主干非常基础，就是 too to在反驳论点或是转折的时候，我们

21、就可以使用上面的句型提升我们的严谨性。原创例句：1. It would be too simplistic to put ones success down to his command of good communication skills.2. It would be too simplistic to put the success of those business tycoons solely down to their pursuit of material things.3. It would be too arbitrary to put a nations prosperi

22、ty solely down to its emphasis on education.学以致用：1. Good communication skill is the most important characteristic for a person who wants to become successful.想成功，必须拥有良好的交流沟通技巧。当然如果简单地把一个人的成功归结于他的能说会道，那就显得太肤浅了。2. Most of business people are only motivated by the desire of money.如果把人们投身事业的动力仅仅归结于对钱的热爱

23、，那是不是太武断了。有钱如李嘉诚，他的工作热忱应该不光只是受钱的影响吧?3. Improving schools is the most important factor for the successful development of a country.没人能够否认教育的重要性，但是如果我们过分的强调教育的改善而低估了别的因素，不考虑具体的情况，也并不一定能得出合理的结论。托福写作高分句式语料素材汇总分享 论证事例实用句型一览托福写作满分句式推荐：论证事例类原文材料：When it comes to accounting scandals and the corporate cover-

24、ups that follow, there is little that is uniquely Japanese.推荐句型：When it comes to, there is little that is uniquely + adj.When it comes to, there is little that is confined to + n.推荐理由：“当谈及某个问题的时候，并非仅仅局限于 ” 在独立写作的论证展开过程中，我们往往会举例子来佐证我们的论点。但例子是具有唯一性的，这时候，在例子后面加上这么一句“谈及某个问题，这并非仅仅局限于上述的案例”，是不是一下子就打破了例证的唯

25、一性了( zhuangbility)!我们当然也可以做一些微整形，将其变为否定句，用于说理的时候反驳论点。原创例句：1. When it comes to the ever growing financial pressure and the negative impacts on both mental and physiological state that follow, there is little that is uniquely middle-aged.2. When it comes to the fierce competition between friends and p

26、otential impacts on their friendships that follow, there is little that is uniquely negative.3. When it comes to the successful development of a country and related investments that follow, there is little that is confined to improving educational quality.学以致用：1. Money is the most important aspect i

27、n a job.此题为最高级的题型，对于没钱的来说钱确实很重要，没钱人其实可以在细分，比如工作一段时间之后的中年人，以及刚开始工作的年轻人，我们在说完中年人的例子之后紧跟着就可以用上面第一个例句进行过渡。2. Competition with friends usually have negative effect on friendship.针对竞争对于友谊的影响，如果我们持一个反对的态度，是不是就可以用上面的句型来说：竞争之于友谊并非仅仅是负面的。一个宿舍中某人学习勤奋，带动其他学生一起努力进步的事不在少数。3. Improving schools is the most important factor for the successful development of a country.谈及到国家的成功发展和政府相对应的投资时，我们也不该只把目光局限于教育的改善。无论是政治，经济还是军事，和一个国家的成功都是息息相关的，第三个例句就可以直接用上。