初一英语语法知识点总结复习(1).docx

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1、初一英语语法知识点总结复习课时一教学任务 一、 重点语法 1. 动词be的用法： be动词包括am, is, are三种形式。 第一人称单数(I)配合am来用。句型解析析：I am+ 第二人称(You)配合are使用。句型解析：You are+ 第三人称单数(He or She or It)配合is使用。句型解析：She(He, It) is + 人称复数 (we /you/they)配合are使用。句型解析：We (You, They) are + 例句 We are in Class 5,Grade 7.They are my friends.You are good students.

2、用法口诀： 我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。 一. 用括号中适当的词填空。 1. I _(am, are, is) from Australia. 2. She _ (am, are, is) a student. 3. Jane and Tom _(am, is, are) my friends. 4. My parents _ (am, is, are) very busy every day. 5.

3、_ (Are, Is, Do, Does) there a Chinese school in New York? 6. _ (Be, Are, Were, Was) they excited when he heard the news? 7. There _ (be) some glasses on it. 8. If he _ (be) free tomorrow, he will go with us. 一、用be 动词的适当形式填空 1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The do

4、g _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. How _ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this? 10. Whose socks _ they? 11. That _ my red skirt. 12. Who _ I? 13.The jeans _ on the desk. 1

5、4.Here _ a scarf for you. 15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _ for me. 19. Some tea _ in the glass. 20. Gao shans shirt _ over there. 1 第二课时英语人称代词和物主代词 一、人称代词 表示我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和

6、格的变化，见下表： 单数 复数 人称 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you he him 第三人称 she her they them it it 人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。 I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student, too. We/You/They are students. 人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。 Give it to me. Lets go (lets =let us) 二、物主代词 表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有

7、格。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人称和数的变化见下表。 单数 复数 数 人称 第一 第二 第三 第一 第三 第二人称 类别 人称 人称 人称 人称 人称 形容词性物主 my your his her its our your their 代词 名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 他们汉语 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 的 形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词 而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。如： Is this

8、your book? No,，it isnt， its hers(her book) This pen is mine. 代词练习 一、选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。 1. This ismother. 2. Nice to meet . 3. name is Mark. 4. Whatsname? 5. Excuse. 6. AreMiss Li? 7. am Ben. 8. is my sister. 9. Fine , thank . 10. How old is 二、用所给代词的正确形式填空。 1. These are _ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is

9、 _( she ) sister. 3. Lily is _ ( Lucy ) sister. 4. Tom, this is _ ( me ) cousin, Mary. 5. Now _(her parent) are in America. 6. Those _ ( child ) are _ ( I ) fathers students. 7. Do you know _ ( it ) name? 8. Mike and Tom _ ( be ) friends. 9. Thanks for helping _( I ). 10. _(Ann安)mother is _(we) teac

10、her. 三、单项选择。 1. My family _ a big family. My family _all here. A. is, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, is 2. This is _. 2 A. a picture of family B. a picture of my family C. a familys picture D. a family of my picture 3. Lets _ good friends. A. be B. are C. is D. am 4. Is she your aunt? Yes, _. A.

11、shes B. her is C. she is D. he is 5. Are _ coats yours? Yes, they are . A. they B. these C. this D. there 6. Is that _ uncle? No, it isnt A. he B. she C. her D. hers 7. Mrs. Green is _ grandmother. A. Jim and Kate B. Jim and Kates C. Jims and Kates D. Jim and Kates 8. Do you know the name _Mr. Green

12、s son? A. in B. of C. on D. or 9. _ the great photo of your family. A. thank for B. Thanks for C. Thank for D. thanks for 10. Are those your friends? _. A. Yes, theyre B. No, they are C. Yes, they are D. Yes, those are 代词练习 一、用适当的代词填空 1We like _ (he, his , him) very much. 2Is this guitar _ (you, you

13、r, yours)? 3_(She, Her, Hers) name is Li Li. 4Father bought a desk for _ (I, my, me, mine). 5_ (It, Its, Its) is very cold today. 6Is this your book, Mike? Yes ,_(we, you, they )are. 7Are you and Tom classmates? Yes, _(we, you ,they )are. 8Each of the students _( have, has) a pen pal. 9He has a dog.

14、 I want to have _(it, one ),too. 10Her parents are _ (both, all ,either )teachers. 11The text is easy for you .There are _( few, a few ,little, a little) new words in it . 12I want _( some, any) bananas. Give me these big _(one, ones). 二、选择正确的答案 1Is this _ book? Ayou BI Cshe Dyour 2Its a bird. _ nam

15、e is Polly. AIts BIts CHis DIt 3Whats that ?_ a jeep. Aits BIts CIts Dits 4Whats that in English? _. AIts egg BThats egg CIts a egg DIts an egg 5Whose cat is this ? Is it yours? Is it a white _? Acats Bone Cones Dcats 6Please give the book to _. AI Bme Cmy Dmine 7_skirt is yours? AWhose BWhere CHow

16、DWhich 8_ is this pen ? Its Wang Fangs. AWhos BWhose CWhere DWhich 9Kate and Mike do _ homework in the evening. Aones Bhis Cher Dtheir 10There isnt _ water in the bottle. Aany Bsome Cno Da 3 课时二简单句 一 陈述句 陈述句的否定结构： 陈述句的否定式主要用两种结构来表达： 句子的谓语动词为be , have 或者谓语动词有助动词、情态动词时，其否定结构为： 主语+谓语动词/助动词/情态动词 + not +

17、 其他成分 I am not a teacher. 我不是老师。 We have not (havent) any books on animals. 我们没有任何有关动物方面的书。 The children are not (arent) playing in the playground. 孩子们没在操场上玩。 He will not (wont) come. 他不会来。 We must not (mustnt) forget the past. 我们不能忘记过去。 It could not (couldnt) be lost. 它不可能丢的。 当句子的谓语动词是do (即行为动词)，而且

18、没有助动词或情态动词时，其否定结构为：主语+do (does,did) + not + 动词原形 + 其他成分 You do not (dont) come here every day . 你没有每天都来这里。 He does not (doesnt) teach this class . 他不教这个班。 They did not(didnt) watch TV last night . 昨晚他们没看电视。 注意：陈述句的语调一般用降调。但在表示疑问的语气时，用升调，在书面上要用问号来表示。 You really want to go to Hong Kong ? 你真的想去香港吗？ 这句话

19、表示的是一种疑问，只不过是通过陈述的语序和疑问的语气来表达的 二 疑问句 疑问句是用来提出疑问的句子，句末用问号？。常考的疑问句有四类，即：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。 第一节 一般疑问句 一般疑问句通常需要用yes 或no 来回答，所以又叫做是非疑问句。在读这种句子时 要用升调。一般疑问句主要有以下几种类型： 1、be + 主语 + 表语结构 Are you sleepy ? 你困了吗？ Yes, I am . 是的，我困了。 3、情态动词 + 主语言+ 行为动词结构 May/Can I use the telephone? 我能用这部电话吗？ Yes, you can.

20、 是的，可以。 5、助动词+ 主语 + 行为动词结构 Do you like swimming in summer? 你喜欢夏天游泳吗？ No, I dont . 不，我不喜欢。 难点提示 回答否定性一般疑问句时，要在Yes 后面用肯定结构，表示肯定；在No 后面用否定结构，表示否定。注意在说法上正好与汉语习惯相反。诀窍是在回答的时候，只要把它当成没有加否定形式的普通一般疑问句看待就可以了。注意下面例句的回答和它的意思。 Is he not your elder brother? 他不是你的哥哥吗？ Yes, he is . 不，他是。No, he is not. 是的，他不是。 Isnt s

21、he very clever? 她难道不是很聪明吗？ Yes, she is. 不，她很聪明。 No, she is not . 是，她不聪明。 第二节 特殊疑问句 一、特殊疑问句是用来提出来特定问题的疑问句，要求听到问题的人针对特定情况来做具体的回答，不能像一般疑问句一样简单地用Yes 或No 来回答，特殊疑问句要用降调来读。 二、特殊疑问句的结构： 特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句 Who do English homework in the evening?谁晚上做英语家庭作业？ What do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么？ What homework do yo

22、u do in the evening?你晚上做什么家庭作业？ When do you do English homework?你什么时候做英语家庭作业？ 三、注意： 对人提问时who谁 对所属提问用whose谁的 对哪一个提问用which哪一个 对时间提问用when什么时候或what time几点 4 对物体提问用what什么 对地点提问用where哪里 对原因提问用why为什么 对方式提问用how怎么样 对数量提问用how many多少或how much多少 四、难点提示 1、 以why开头的特殊疑问句否定形式常用于表示建议、请求等。 Why dont you have a try? 你为

23、什么不试试呢？ 2、 特殊疑问句常用到一些缩略形式，在平时学习中要注意习惯这些用法。 I dont want to go there. How about you? 我不想去那儿，你呢？ But what else? 可是还有什么呢？ 把下列句子变成否定句： 1. I am listening to music. _ 2. Mike is a student. _ 3Sarah can clean the classroom. _ 4. They are in the zoo. _ 5. There are some flowers in the vase._ 6. This is my si

24、ster. _ 7. We are sweeping the floor._ 8. We need some masks. _ 9. They like making the puppet. _ 10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house. _ 11. I put a book on my head. _ 12. They sing In the classroom together. _ 13. We play basketball on Sundays. _ 14. Tom likes listening to music _ 肯定句改一般疑问句的

25、方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法三步法 1. 有be动词/情态动词：be动词/情态动词提到句首，其余照抄，(some改成any，my改成your）句末用问号。 2. 无be动词/情态动词，在句首加Do/Does/Did，其余照抄，(some改成any，my改成your）句末用问号。 3. 加Does、did 的句子注意，句子动词要变成原型。 例如： 陈述句: They are in the park. He can play the guitar. 一般疑问句: Are they in the park? Can he play the guitar

26、? 陈述句: I like the ducks. He likes the dogs. 一般疑问句： Do you like the ducks? Does he like the dogs? 把下列句子变成一般疑问句 1. I am listening to music. _ 2. Mike is a student. _ 3. Sarah can clean the classroom._ 4. They are in the zoo. _ 5. There are some flowers in the vase._ 6. This is my sister. _ 7. We are s

27、weeping the floor._ 8. We need some masks. _ 9. They like making the puppet. _ 10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house. _ 11. I put a book on my head. _ 12. They sing In the classroom together. _ 13. We play basketball on Sundays. 5 _ 14. Tom likes listening to music _ 关于特殊疑问词 1、根据划线部分确定是什么疑问词, 后

28、面写原句变成的一般疑问句，句末问号。 2、how many后必须先写物品，再写一般疑问句等。 1、A: _ is the boy in blue? B:Hes Mike. 2、A: _ pen is it? B:Its mine. 3、A: _ is the diary? B:Its under the chair. 4、A: _ is the Chirstmas Day? B: Its on the 25th of December. 5、A: _ are the earphones? B:They are 25 yuan. 6、A: _ is the cup? B:Its blue. 7、

29、A: _ is it today? B:Its Sunday. 8、A: _ was it yesterday? B: It was the 13th of October. 9、A: _ this red one? B:Its beautiful. 12. A:_ is your cousin? B: Hes 15 years old. 13、A:_ do you have dinner? B: At 6 oclock 综合练习 The children have a good time in the park. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 1. There is only one prob

30、lem. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯定/否定回答：_ 7.She has some bread for lunch today. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯定/否定回答：_ . 句型转换题 1. The girl is singing in the classroom.( 改为否定句） 改为一般疑问句 5. I can speak English.(改为一般疑问句） 6. I am writing now.(同上） 7. I have a desk and a chair.(用He做主语改写句子） 8. She is buying some food in the supermarke

31、t. 10. Does she like growing flowers? 6 课时 三英语名词单数变复数的规则 一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。 读音变化：结尾是清辅音读s，结尾是浊辅音或元音读z。 例：friendfriends; catcats; stylestyles; sportsports; piecepieces 二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。 读音变化：统一加读iz。 例：busbuses; quizquizzes; foxfoxes; matchmatches; flashflashes 三、以辅音字母

32、+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。 读音变化：加读z。 例：candycandies; daisydaisies; fairyfairies; ladyladies; storystories 四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。 读音变化：加读z。 例：tomatotomatoes; potatopotatoes; torpedotorpedoes; bingobingoes 反例：silosilos; pianopianos; photophotos; 五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。 读音变化：尾音

33、f改读vz。 例：knifeknives; lifelives; leafleaves; staffstaves; scarfscarves 反例：roofroofs 六、部分单词的复数形式不变。 读音变化：保持原音。 例：fishfish; sheepsheep; cattlecattle; deerdeer; 七、极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。 读音变化：没有规律。 例：manmen; womanwomen; childchildren; personpeople; oxoxen 八、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词 例： footfeet; manmen mousemice

34、; toothteeth; womanwomen 九、有些名词是单数、复数不分的 例：deer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon 鲑鱼; trout 鳟鱼 十、一些名词虽分单数、复数，但出现次数多的总是单数词 例：abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture家具; machinery机械; news; scenery风景; sugar; traffic交通 十一、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多 例：bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; sh

35、ears大剪刀 trousers长裤; wages工资 十二、若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 例：pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 十三、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思， 例：goods货物，waters水域，fishes鱼 十四、除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。 例：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 以O结尾的词，许多加es构成复数，特别是一些常用词如：heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoes,t

36、ornadoes,torpedoes,dominoes,vetoes,mosquitoes,Negroes,mangoes,buffaloes,volcanoes 但下面几类词只加s：1.以元音+o或oo结尾的词 如:videos,radios,studios,zoos,bamboos,kangaroos, 2.一些外来词，特别是音乐方面的词，如：pianos, 3.一些缩写词和专有名词，如：kilos,photos, 写出下列名词复数 leaf_ puppy_ box_ knife_ fly_ fox_ bus_ bench_ brush_ kiss_ church_ dish_ ruler

37、_ peach_ glass_ pencil_ boy_ zoo_ man_ roof_ sheep_ knife_ lady_ key_ story_ watch_ bamboo_ city_ family_ day_ apple_ eraser_ speech_ thief_ mouse_ fish_ goose_ people _ ox_ Chinese _ deer _ foot_ child_ tooth_ guy_ hero_ spy_ boss_ monkey_ city _ goat _ radio _ horse _ dog _ 用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空： 7 1Th

38、ere are so many_(wolf)in the forest. 2There are three _(chair) in the classroom. 3These _(tomato) are red. 4_(hero) are great. 5My brother looks after two _(baby) 6There are some _(deer) eating the grass. 7My father likes to eat _(potato). 8Chinese _(people)like to eat noodles. 9I have a lot of _(toy) in my bedroom. 10I help my mother wash _(dish) in the kitchen. 11I have two _(pencil-box). 12There are some _(bus)in the street. 13Peter has eight _(foot). 14Linda has three _(tooth). 15There are