刘晓艳语法笔记.docx
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1、刘晓艳语法笔记准备考试的4个阶段 1. 基础阶段 2. 真题阶段 3. 模拟阶段 4. 冲刺阶段 最后15天,复习不要开拓新内容 单词:背句子,背文章。只记真题单词 不做题,只学单词 做题是不能提高实力的,只能检测能力 1. 简单句有5种 主谓:he died They laughed 主谓宾:中的谓,是实意动词,如 jump,bit 主谓表:中的谓,系动词be动词,感官动词 变化的单词 保持的单词 主谓双宾:I bought her be a dog 主谓宾+宾补: I make her be happy 在宾语后加个be,如果意思是对的就是宾+宾补,不对就是双宾。 谓语:动词,其他动词不能
2、做谓语,而且一定要有时态。 谓语只能是动词,动词只能做谓语,不做谓语的动词变成不是动词。 to do 目的的动词,还未发生 ving 主动或者进行 过去分词,被动或完成 He smiling said He comes to see me 一句话只能一个动词做谓语,把不是谓语的动词变成不是动词 先想主动还是被动,再想完成还是未完成 一句话不能没有谓语 She must be very beauty 需要动词,而又没有动词,就加be动词 主语:分词或动词不定式,带刺,名词 Meaningfulness is living well to be meaningful is living well
3、beings meaningful is living well 一句话不能没主语,没有主语就 加 we,you,one,I Be+ved 和天气有关的it 当一句话没有主语,并且谓语动词没有,就用there be English must be pointed out important 三 宾语 ving ,to do,代词,名词 四 表语:ving,to do,代词,名词,adj,介词短语 Beauty is in the eye of the beholder 情人眼里出西施 能做宾语的都能做表语,adj,介词短语只能做表语 I stand on the plat 三,时态 一) 一般
4、:现在:表示一个动作经常发生,或者说明一个客观真理 过去:在过去的某个时间,发生了某个动作 将来:表现一个动作尚未发生will+v 一般过去时和一个确定时间连用,现在完成时也表明一个动作发生过了,但是没有确定的过去时间。 I have been a student ever I was a student 2 year age 二) 进行 现在 be+ving 过去 was/were+ving I was having class at this time yesterday 将来 will+be+ving I will be having at this time tomorrow 三) 完
5、成现在 一个动作过去开始,持续到现在,而且还可能持续下去 I have/has done I have been here for three years His father has been dead for 5 years His father died 5 years ago 一个动作发生在过去,但对现在造成影响 过去 had done 过去完成时一定有两个时间比较,时间较久远的用过去完成时 When I got home last night ,my mam had slept 将来 将来完成时有两个将来的时间对比,和一个靠后,就用将来完成时 I will have learned
6、10000 words by the end of next year If we have decision,we must be success We must be successful We must succed We are against li yuan,we are in favor of xiaoli He is standing there smiling? You spare time to relieve your temper Raise v举起,生气 N升职,加薪 Think =believe hold ,argue,maintain ,point out ,pre
7、sume,assume,be of the opinion that cling to the point to that I love you,you love that dog 逗号不能连接两个并列句子 Against 介词 however 副词 连词:and,but,while,or,so,for,not onlybut also ,whether or,notbut,neithernor, eitheror 并列就会有省略 并列结构考点长难句分析 并列连词 Depend on Rely on Rest on Lie with 都是取决于 Thus,therefore 只能做副词,不能做
8、连词 1. tom fails to have passion for English,but she is fond of music and dancing be keen on be fond of be carzy about 2. love has gone,yet she is still there 副词前不能有介词 3. here,there,home,overseas,abroad 认为名词但是副词的 4. he not only speaks English very well,but also does French perfectly 5. fluently I was
9、 in the middle of the night,and slipped into his home 前后两句如果主语一样后面的可以省略 Consequently=so Likewise=and however=but moreover grant 准许,答应,给予 adequate 充分的,大量的 many,enough 能胜任的,合格的 Cramming for 临时 Stay up 熬夜 Dawn 黎明 Nevertheless:表示转折 方法比勤奋重要 Intelligence 智商,智慧 Diligence 勤奋 Required lesson 必修课程 Acquire = g
10、et 获得,得到= gain Inquire =询问,打听 Enquire =询问 Dismissed 开除,丢弃 Similarly 表并列 Indeed 递进 As well as 跟着前面的变 分析长难句找谓语动词 找并列连句 虽然我们没讲定语,但是任何一个长难句都有定语。那就是名词后面有一坨,不是谓语的话,一定是修饰这个名词的,一旦看到定语成分的时候就用起来,一直括到谓语动词前。 Private property 私有财产 Ownership 所有权 Resource:能源,资源 Source:来源,源头,历史资料的来源 Contract :合同 Contrast=however Co
11、ntact 接触 有并列的,代词的指代 分析长难句,先分析结构,再开始翻译 如果一个名词标A,B,. V 搞,做 Adj/adv 删除 Fairness 公平 Evolved 进化 发展 Steam from 起源于 Arise from 起源于 Arise 出现 Spring from 起源于 ,as yet, 插入语 Many computer are available for college student Automatic credit 自动的信贷额度 Family 家庭 ,不可数 Families 家人 可数 怎么找代词指代内容 就近原则 一致原则 ,意思上的一致,语法上的一致
12、如:it 只能代单数和物 Trustworthy 令人相信的,令人信服的 只要有逗号的时候,就要加连接 先把省略部分补齐,前后两句一一对应,少的补分上,如果没有省略就是代词指代。 一, 名词可以做的成分 1. 主语 the film is attractive 2. 宾语 I appreciate his mother 3. 表语 he is a persistent man 4. 同位语 I enjoy the part ,the end 在写作文时,任何一个名词的后面都可以跟名词作同位语,这个同位语就相当于插入语 二名词性从句 从句;引导词+句子 从句一定要跟主句 从句:引导词+主语+谓语
13、 名词性从句:一个名词能做什么成分,一个从句就能做什么成分 1. what I saw is attractive 2. he is who we should learn from 3. I enjoy the part that a feather is flying in the sky 只要一个引导词出现在句首,一定是主语从句,一直到2个谓语动词前结束 只要实意动词后面有引导词就一定是宾语从句 只要系动词有一个引导词,就一定表语从句 一个名词后面有引导词就一定是同位语从句 二, n从句引导词 that English is essential is obvious indispensa
14、ble very,rather,pretty,exceedingly,remarkablely,outstandingly 1. that 当从句是个陈述句的时候引导词加that suceess is that you aquire what you want 2. whether you love me is none of my business if/whether : 如果从句是一个一般疑问句,引导词就用whether +陈述语句 一般疑问局有一个 吗 Whether 和 if 意思一样 区别于:whether 可以用于任何名词性从句 If 只能用于宾语从句 如果从句时陈述疑问句的时候
15、,特殊疑问词就是引导词 Who I will marry isnt decided 名词性事接从句时陈述句,一半疑问句,特殊疑问句 that 在名词性从句中不作任何成分,没有任何意义 whether/if 不做任何成分,意思是是否 特殊疑问句一定做成分,而且有意思 四主语从句 1. that 2. whether 3. 特殊 That women are always right is common sense 当英语做主语特别长,外国喜欢用it 来代替,把主语放到最后 If is self-evident that It is widely/commonly/universal/known/
16、accepted/acknowledged/agreed It is common sense that It must be pointed out that It should be noted that It has been found that 事实证明 It is likely that It happens that It turns out that 结果证明 2whether 如何区别是过去分词作定语还是过去式,只需要看前面是主动就是谓语动词,被动就是过去分词 如:I bought a dog I bought am a dog 被买的我是只狗 省略一定是省略后面的类容 In
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