托福写作如何做到简洁又高分.doc

《托福写作如何做到简洁又高分.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《托福写作如何做到简洁又高分.doc（14页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。

1、托福写作如何做到简洁又高分 为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家整理一些托福写作小技巧，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。托福写作如何做到简洁又高分建议一： 避免空洞的单词和词组1. 一些空洞的单词或词组根本不能为句子带来任何相关的或重要的信息，完全可以被删掉。比如下面的句子：When all things are considered, young adults of today live more satisfying lives than those of their parents, in my opinion.这句话当中的“when all things are considered”

2、和“in my opinion“都显得多余。完全可以去掉。改为：Young adults of today live more satisfying lives than their parents.2. 有些空洞和繁琐的表达方式可以进行替换，例如：Due to the fact that our grandparents were under an obligation to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have at this point in time.“due to the fa

3、ct that”就是一个很典型的繁琐的表达方式的例子，可以替换，简化为下面的表达方式：Because our grandparents were obligated to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have now.建议二： 避免重复1. 尽量避免重复使用同样的词汇。或者有的时候虽然词汇没有重复，但意思却有重复。这时候可以做一些简化的工作。例如下面这个例子：:The farm my grandfather grew up on was large in size.large 对一个fa

4、rm来说就是size方面的large，所以in size可以去掉，改为：The farm my grandfather grew up on was large.更简洁的表达方式为：My grandfather grew up on a large farm.2. 有时一个词组可以用一个更简单的单词来替换，例如：My grandfather has said over and over again that he had to work on his parents farm.这里的over and over again就可以改为repeatedly，显得更为简洁：My grandfather

5、 has said repeatedly that he had to work on his parents farm.托福写作的要点剖析为了帮助大家高效备考托福，新东方在线托福频道为大家带来托福写作的要点剖析，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线托福频道!宇宙大道皆相同，亦相通，托福写作和斯诺克(英式台球，本质与美式落袋无二)是一不是二。在这个世上想做好任何事，都要搞清楚三个对象：目的，规律，策略。无论打老蒋，还是追女友，都离不开这三件法宝。托福考试是为以英语为外语的人提供的语言考试，那么它考察的唯一重点还是语言。在托福写作中，你可能担心观点不新颖，论据不充分，论证不有力

6、，层次不清晰。可记住，这些都不是最重要的，评卷者首先要判断的是你的语言能力! 也许你的*在论点、理由、甚至用词上都很平常(事实上在一个“阅尽人文”的评卷者眼中已经很难有什么称得上“新鲜”的东西了)，但在用词、语法、和逻辑上都没有什么明显的失误，分数照样不会低。交代这一点对提升考生自信心很重要。很多学生还没写呢就开始担心“想不出理由”，“举不出例子”，心里惴惴不安，七上八下，结果很多本可以避免的低级错误都如雨后春笋。这就好像斯诺克选手在击球时，如果过多地考虑走位问题，就可能在很简单的球上失误。在这里，我想告诉那些有此类“心结”的同学：托福和GRE、GMAT、LSAT等不同，是语言考试，而非能力考

7、试，首先要关心的是语言，而非其他!换句话说，如果觉得自己在托福写作各方面都比较弱，那应该先顾哪头呢?对了，语言本身!二、托福写作要点之基础篇OK, 对手已经大致打量了一番，下面该具体商讨对策了。忙活一阵子为什么?得高分啊，傻子都知道。但这个“高分”不是指28、29甚至满分，而是在你现有的英语水平上尽量再提高一个档次。比如原来只能考18分的，经过辅导之后，对考试的命题规律和解题技巧有了新的认识，在短期内提高个3、4分是没有问题的，再多就不敢说了。写作班不是卖大力丸，要实事求是，各位对自己的定位和期望也应该符合实际。要点之一：打好语法基础。练习斯诺克先要打基础，如果连瞄准都不会，出杆都摇摇晃晃，那

8、么谈杆法、走位还有什么意义呢?现在托福写作的“秘笈”“模板”满天飞，对于基础薄弱的同学来说，其实没任何用处。遣词造句好比盖房子，语法就是房屋的建筑规则。违反规律乱盖一气，房子迟早要塌。有些同学只知道一些相关单词，但不知如何把它们组合在一起，只凭着自己的感觉把若干单词堆在一起了事,结果是整个惨不忍睹。这样的语法水平，还谈什么论点、论据、逻辑?另外一种情况，是考生因为紧张、大意或分心，在考试中出现“明知故犯”的语法错误。诸如 I like swim. Jenny teach me English. Travel around the country is my interest. 的简单错误屡见不

9、鲜。“不是我不知道，而是我没在意。”记住，在答卷中出现1+1=n(n2)之类的低级语法错误，将使你在评卷者眼中的形象大打折扣，并将严重影响你的分数。真是十个亮点，不抵一个低级错误。从这个意义上说，写作考试是“不求有功，但求无过”。 因此，在作文的时候，一定如履薄冰，即使其他方面平庸些，也要坚决杜绝语法错误!建议基础薄弱的同学们在开始写作练习之前先解决语法问题。要点之二：使用简单、熟悉的单词、短语，采用简洁、自然的句式。斯诺克的最高境界不是打出超高难度的远台进攻，而是将复杂的局面简单化，使每一个球都变得很好打。托福写作也是一样!很多同学认为，句子越复杂，单词越生僻，就越能体现自己英语水平高，因此

10、自作聪明地追求“高精尖”，句子越堆越长，从句越用越多，套来套去连自己也糊涂。这种想法其实是一种危险的误解。还记得“平平凡凡才是真”和“美的东西都是简单的”吗?想想读汉语*的时候，你是喜欢读自然、流畅的，还是喜欢冗长晦涩的?没错，那位即将评判你托福作文的漂亮女士一定也是同样的感受。想想看，人家一天看几百篇半生不熟的英语*已经够辛苦了，你还有拿这种绕来绕去的东西折磨她，良心何在?那该怎么做?就用最普通、平实的单词和短语。“举例”就用for example, for instance, “认为”就用“I think”， “I believe”, 保准没错!有人问：有些书上不是反对用 “I belie

11、ve” “I think” 吗?还有人可能会说，成千上万的考生都这么写了，在评卷者眼里都没有新鲜感了，我不应该独出心裁一下吗?那么我想问，“Thank you!”这句话美国人一天说几十次，一年上万次，你看他们厌烦了吗?在一些无关紧要的地方刻意出新求异，是相当多考生的认识误区。另外，使用熟悉的用法与保持句式的多样性并不矛盾。我并非要大家通篇用一种模式：上面用了I believe，下面就来一个in my opinion, 然后再用个 I think;前面用了because，后面就用the reason why;前面用了从句，后面就用不定式。记住，富于美感的东西都是由简单的东西合理组合而成的。再说句

12、式。从句套从句的冗长复杂句式既不美观也不实用，实在是应该丢弃的垃圾。我在美国哥伦比亚大学做助教时曾经批改过本科生的期末论文。当时给我留下深刻印象的是：这些美国最优秀的大学生，文字也非常精炼，毫无拖沓晦涩之感。请看一下我的一位同学的论文片段：How do foreign policy decision-makers understand the “rules”of international order and the limitations on their policy options? When can states set examples that influence the deci

13、sion-making of others? Are decision-makersfears that their actions may establish dangerous precedents justified or exaggerated? In reflecting on these questions, this paper also seeks to situate the concept of precedent in the broader context of international relations theory.整个段落没有一个生僻词或复杂句式，却将复杂、抽

14、象的国际政治问题说得一清二楚。这才是我们应该学习的文风。要点三：使句子简洁、准确的技巧。如前所述，美国人民也憎恶拖泥带水，那些令人厌恶的长句子也就是在GRE用以考察一个人的脑筋转弯的能力。一个英语的非母语者制造复杂长句有一个危险，即很容易犯下严重的语法错误，甚至令native speaker不知所云。托福写作结尾段构成很重要1、再次陈述主题用 paraphrase 方式再次呈现主题陈述中出现的三要素:a.问题中存在争议的地方;b.观点;c.理由。2、结束句结束句，放在陈述完主题之后。托福写作辅导提出结尾段结束句的三种常见写法：一. 托福作文的后总结教训或提出建议In conclusion, w

15、hether to imitate or vary from others to achieve success, it hinges mostly on the occupations we engage in. For jobs like doctors that require routine practices, it is unnecessary for them to make alterations to become successful. Whereas artists like painters whose works are characteristic of creat

16、ivity and imagination, it is of crucial importance to distinguish from others to succeed.二. 提出令人忧虑的结果或可能出现的负面结果假设烤鸭们没有像小智说的那样去做，在结论中提出将会出现的负面结果，帮助烤鸭们预见到令人忧虑的后果，进而令烤鸭们自然第接受小智的意见。e.g., To summarize, on one hand, for artists who are fortunate to profit immensely from their occupation, it is unnecessary

17、 for the government to offer additional financial incentives for them. On the other hand, government should provide financial support and appropriate policies to impoverished artists who engage in conventional craftsmanship because these are viewed as national treasure and cultural heritage of the c

18、ountry. If the government did not support those unfortunate traditional artists, the valuable conventional forms of arts would disappear very soon.三. 提出问题留待读者思考In conclusion, it is inevitable for children to commit mistakes at a young age, parents should play their part to instill the importance of

19、good behaviors in their children. Parents should allow children to make small mistakes as a meaningful learning experience. However, what would be like if parents permit their children to commit serious mistakes like theft and robbery?结尾段常用表达方式：Finally, thus, in a word, in brief;In conclusion, to co

20、nclude, in the end;In the final analysis, in a nutshell, on the whole;To summarize, to encapsulate, in sum, in summaryIn light of these facts, considering these ideas托福写作之浅谈综合写作在这里我将综合听力需要锻炼的能力列为以下三点：1. 阅读能力(快、准)2. 听写和速记能力(不是简单词不记，是记重点名词、动词或短语)3. 一定的改写能力(这个就是我们对于句型的运用，涉及句子表达准确性、语态、词的适当替换等)。可能有的同学说听不

21、懂，这里建议，如果练习听力，尽量用托福听力材料进行练习，因为托福听力材料内容信息量大，需要记的东西多，也能通过做题找到自己听力的盲区。如果托福听力能听懂了，托福综合写作的听力也没有问题了。这里附上两篇学生写的综合写作范文。TPO26Inthe listening material, the professor made several points about the invasion ofthe zebra mussels can be stopped.Firstof all, the reading passage states that the human transportation

22、will cause theinvasion of the zabra mussels, while the professor contradicts that people cannotcontrol it in the past because of the lack of the knowledge. On the other hand,the ocean water will be taken by the ship to replace the freshwater, which maykill the mussels.Moreover,the reading passage al

23、so mentions that if the mussels are taken to the newplace, they wont have predators, while the professor refutes that they candominate it just for a short time. They will be a new food source for birds, sothey can not dominant in the end.Furthermore,the reading passage then talks that the invasion o

24、f the mussels will cause thedecline in the fish population in its area, while the professor departs from itthat it is true that mussels have negative impact in plankton. But for otherfish, mussels provide nutrition for fish at the bottom of the lake.Thisis the entirely opposed to the writers expecta

25、tion.TPO27Inthis listening material, the professor states several points about global cooling caused by the Little Ice Age.First,the reading material states that after the ocean currents melted, the glaciersproduce an enormous number of cold freshwater into the Gulf Stream. This actioninfluenced the

26、 earths climate strongly, while the professor in the listening material disagrees that the cooling water just affected Europe and parts ofNorth America, but it cant explain global cooling, or the cooling in southernarea.Second,the reading material says that the volcanic eruption caused the Little Ic

27、e Ageas they generate dark clouds with dust and sulfur gas into our atmosphere whichwill reduce the earths temperature. By contrast, the professor contradictsthat the volcanic eruption produce colorful clouds and gases, but those gasesare not strong enough to decrease the earths temperature.Lastly,t

28、he reading material mentions that the decrease of human population affect theearths temperature indirectly because we no longer cut substantial number oftrees and let the forest grow freely, these trees absorb carbon dioxide andthat will reduce the earths temperature. However, the professor objects

29、thatpeople still cut a large number of trees and the short cease of deforestationis not long enough to cause the global cooling.什么是托福独立写作的话题拆分法?我们来看下面的例子：The Internet provides people with a lot of valuable information.这道题目中有三个名词。第一个名词是the Internet，我们可以将它拆分为局域网(Local Area Network, LAN)、广域网(Wide Area

30、Network, WAN)和城域网(Metropolitan Area Network, MAN)，那么*的三段分别强调局域网、广域网和城域网给人们提供大量有价值的信息。第二个名词是people，我们可以将它拆分为学生、商人、老人;因此，*可以具体写网络为这三类人群提供大量有价值的信息。第三个名词是information，我们可以将它拆分为不同种类的信息，如新闻、教育信息、生活信息和娱乐信息等;因此*可以针对网络为人们提供上述任意三方面有价值的信息而展开。我们再来看一个例子：The movies and television programs made in your own country

31、are more interesting than those made in foreign countries.我们需要思考的问题是：哪些国外的电影和电视节目(movies and television programs)可以引起我们的兴趣呢?这些电影和电视节目可能涉及历史和自然景点(historical and scenic spots)、传统和风俗(tradition and customs)、奇闻和传说(anecdotes and legends)或者是宗教信仰(religious beliefs)等因此，全文可以从上述任意三个方面展开。有些考生会尝试着拆分foreign countries. 他们将foreign counties拆分为美国、英国和印度：美国的电影和电视节目更多彰显美国文化大熔炉的特征(cultural melting pot);英国的电影和电视节目更多表现了“日不落帝国”(the empire on which the Sun never sets)的“光辉岁月”(splendid moment);印度的电影和电视节目更多体现了千年的历史积淀(historical sediments)这也是一种可行的拆分方法。