托福写作中的潜台词.doc

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1、托福写作中的潜台词 为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家整理一些关于托福考试作文的小知识,下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。托福写作中的潜台词1.You need to budget your time.做一下时间上的安排budget原意是“做预算”，这里就是说“做一下时间上的安排”2.Put aside some time for ping pong.预留一些时间put aside原先和money搭配，比如：Put aside some money for your retirement. 表示“存钱”，这里的意思就是要“预留一些时间”3.Is that worth your while?这样

2、做，对你有好处吗while原意表示“一段时间”，这里意思就是说“这值得你去这样做吗?”或者说“这样做，对你有好处吗?”4.Do you have much time left?5.Hes living on borrowed time.他可能不久就要过世了。(大限已近)托福独立写作开头介绍为了帮助大家高效备考托福，新东方在线托福频道为大家带来托福独立写作开头介绍，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线托福频道!一般来说，开篇段落的写作可分为两大步骤：第一步就是用简洁明了的句子对原题目的意思进行同义替换;第二步是提出自己的观点。这两大步骤细化起来可以概括为四句话：第一句，采用同义

3、替换的方式对原题目的意思进行更改，当然是“形变神不变”;第二句，对题目的意思进行解释第三句，提出自己的观点;第四句，概括自己所提出观点的理由，引起下文。下面我具体用一些客户常犯的毛病题目来解释这个“两大步，四个句子”的具体运用方法。案例1：误解原意思Do you agree or disagree: Because people are busy with doing so many things, they can do few things well?Original：Some people may hold the view that they are able to do things

4、 well even if they are busy with doing so many things simultaneously or during a given period. Although plausible at the first glance, I disagree with the statement. Depending on my own personal experience and personality, I firmly maintain that people can do few things well when they are busy with

5、doing so many things. My arguments of this opinion are listed as follows.解析：*第一句话不是对原题目意思进行解释，而是采用采取了和原意思相反的做法来进行题目诠释;第二句表明自己对误解题目的观点;第三句话对自己的观点进行近一步的解释;第四句一个过渡性的句子。开篇内容安排倒是很好，但是作者犯了误解原题目意思的错误导致后面整个文字都做了无用功。改后：When people are engaged in a large extent of work simultaneously, they will not be able to

6、 perform all of them perfectly. Just imagine how terrible it will be: too many jobs need to be done by the same person in a given time. Once such a picture appears in my mind, I feel dizzy. To me, it is impossible to do everything well with the limited energy and many others factors .Therefore , I a

7、gree with the statement too many things to be done at the same time cause few to be well done . The reasons are as follow.Revised：第一句话对原题目意思进行了很好的诠释;第二、三句话进一步解释原题目;第四句话提出自己的观点;第五句话过渡性句子引起下文。案例2 ：语言罗嗦，绕弯子给出自己观点，浪费时间Some young adults want independence from their parents as soon as possible. Other youn

8、g adults prefer to live with their families for a longer time. Which of these situations do you think is better? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.original：With the development of science and technology, peoples living standard has been improving day by day. According to the

9、family plan, one couple could have only one child. So child becomes the center of the whole family. Some of them are even spoiled. Therefore, I think it is better if the young adult could live independent from their parents as soon as possible.解析：这个开头看似没有任何问题，但是仔细分析就会发现很多问题。首先，作者绕了个大弯才给出自己的观点。其次，观点是

10、对原题目的抄写，改动的比较少。最后，开篇缺少引起下文的过渡句。更大的错误是这个开头更像是一个全文主要观点的一个分论点。Revised:As we all know, some young adults have the sense of independence in a special period so that they want to choose to live apart from their family, while others still choose to stay with parents in the family. Family can provide young

11、adults a warm bay where he or she could turn to whenever any problems arise. However, considering the sound development of the young adult both mentally and physically, I think to live independently the earlier, the better. Independence is a lesson that each of us must face one day. The detailed rea

12、sons are listed below.解析：第一句话诠释原题目意思;第二句话进一步解释第一句话;第三句话提出自己的观点;第四句话解释自己的观点，引出下文。(living) on borrowed time或者be on borrowed time的意思就是说“很可能要失败了或者说很可能要死了。”比如：The government is living on borrowed time. 这个政府可能马上就要倒台了。6.You dont use your time profitably.你没有有效利用时间。profitable原意是指“有利润的;赢利的”7.I lost a lot of t

13、ime when I got sick.8.Thank you for your time.Personification 拟人1.His theory explained to me the behaviors of chickens raised in factories.2.This fact argues against the standard theories.3.Life has cheated me.4.Inflation is eating up our profits.通货膨胀把利润都抵消了Eat up原意是“吃完”的意思，这里就是“通货膨胀把利润都抵消了。”5.His r

14、eligion tells him that he cannot drink fine French wines.6.The Michelson-Morley experiment gave birth to a new physical theory.7.Cancer finally caught up with him.这里的catch up with 表示 “对。产生影响”8.Inflation has attacked the foundation of our economy.9.Inflation has pinned us to the wall.面对通货膨胀，我们无能为力10.

15、Pin someone to something 原意指的是“使某人不能动弹，按住某人”，这里的意思就是说“面对通货膨胀，我们无能为力。”11.Our biggest enemy right now is inflation.12.The dollar has been destroyed by inflation.13.Inflation has robbed me of my savings.14.Inflation has outwitted the best economic minds in the country.即使这个国家最好的经济界的精英也无法对付通货膨胀Outwit指的是“

16、(智力上)超过，胜过”，这里的意思就是说“即使这个国家最好的经济界的精英也无法对付通货膨胀。”15.Inflation has given birth to a money-minded generation.托福写作表示关系的连词1.增补(Addition)in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, whats more, similarly, next, finally.2.比较(Comparison)in the same way, likewise, similarly, equally, in compariso

17、n, just as3.对照(Contrast)whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, even though, on the contrary, while4.因果(Cause and effect)because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus5.强调(Emphasis)certainly, above

18、all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most imprtant6.让步(Concession)although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true.7.例证(Exemplification)for example, for instance

19、, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.8.总结(Conclusion)to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary9.推断(Inference)therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise10.时间和空间(T

20、ime and space)afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyound, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of托福写作考试的三个步骤第一步：审题、确定托福立场、列出理由(只需要在草稿纸上用英文单词或汉语列出各个理由，防止遗忘)，最少3分钟最多5分钟。要避免两个极端：a.用时太少，理由没有想清楚就开始写，不仅造成*逻辑结构不清，还会引起行文中频繁的修正，欲速则不达;b.用时太多，不要追求一次思考就能把每一

21、条理由及相关例证都想出来。其实想出两条之后就可以动笔，各个理由的例证可以写到该段时边思考边写。这一点你不必怀疑，只要你的思维还是正常的，一定能做到。第二步：托福正文写作最少22分钟最多26分钟a.各段写作时，注意对段落的不同部分给予不同的重视。主题句给予最大重视，注意炼句，别说你不想写主题句，主题句可以使读者和笔者本人更清晰该段落写什么。各段中支持性细节写作不必遵循相同的模式。有n种选择可供参考：1.举具体事例;2.说对方相对缺点;3.使用数据;4.使用假想例子;5.使用类比、比喻、引用等修辞手段来论述。哪一种你最容易想出来，就用哪一种。b.考前将*开头、结尾、例证、让步等各种句型背熟练，并且

22、练习和模考时把他们用熟，要象做完型填空一样对待考场作文。别试图在考场上再去临时决定比如哪种开头好，怎样结尾好。使用自己选种的套话。c.当被告知还有5分钟结束时，一般你应该已经写到最后一条理由，或者已经在做结尾。要确保*有结尾段(不排除将它和最后一条理由的末段结合在一起的可能性)。第三步：检查需要1-3分钟，有侧重点地检查a.句法：确保每句话是完整的，有谓语，且简单句只有一个谓语。b.时态：*绝大部分使用的是一般现在时;一般现在时第三人称要使用单数;使用过去发生的事例时用的是过去时;c.主谓一致按此三步，持续练习5篇以上，可以确保时间问题。如何在30分钟行文的整个过程中保持书面整洁：A、TWE要

23、求必须用铅笔写作文，你要自己准备好铅笔和橡皮。橡皮要有韧性，太硬会擦破纸，有错误要擦干净再改;B、第一遍写作时要求字迹不要太大也不要太小，通常一行写10-12个左右单词为宜。如果书法不好，可以在考前练习写一下斜体的26个字母。这3种简单句式也可以写出托福高分作文1、there be句型there be句型可以说是绝大部分同学或多或少写过的句式。但很多同学写作时很少想到去用这个句式，主要是因为老给考生使绊的“Chinglish思维方式”。Therebe的句型在写作中极容易犯错，比如：明天将会有很多重大新闻。有的考生想都不想地就写成：Tomorrow will have many signific

24、ant news. 这样的句子就属于较严重的语法错误，tomorrow能发出have这个动作吗?肯定是不能的，所以主语并不是tomorrow。这里很明显没有可以发出“有“这个动作的主语，所以正确答案应该是：There will be many significant news tomorrow. tomorrow 是典型的时间状语，所以以后在there be的写作中要注意可能出现的状语和主语的混淆错误。2、动名词做主语动词一般不可以在句首做主语，但是如果把动词加上ing，它就会变成“动名词“，那么这个主语就“名正言顺”了。语法书中定义：“动名词，即是兼有名词和动词特征的非限定性动词，可以做主语

25、、定语、表语和宾语等。”所以这样表达最合适：读书是一门艺术：Reading is an art.可以发现，动名词做主语的句子所包含的意思真的不是针对哪一个或哪一类人，暗指的对象应该是整个大众，所以，使用动名词开头的句型不仅是在说理，而且还更加客观、科学，是书面语的标志。3、代词做主语这种句型还是适用在找不到主语的情况下，但是情况要显得更加复杂一些。例如：“现在对于很多老师来说处理学生的在校不恰当行为并不是那么容易。”句子看上去似乎很复杂，考生可能需要想很久、慢慢理清楚词与词之间的关系。其实，这时候有种很简单的方法就可以轻松地解决问题。那就是如果句子里有形容词，可以用这个句型来处理：“It is + adj. + for somebody to do sth.”