老托福听力PartC原文最新汇总.doc

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1、老托福听力PartC原文最新汇总 为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家整理老托福听力PartC原文，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。老托福听力PartC原文1I was really glad when your club invited me to share my coin collection.当你们的俱乐部邀请我来分享我的硬币收藏时，我真的很高兴。Its been my passion since I collected my first Lincoln cent in 1971; thats the current penny with Abraham Lincolns image.

2、自从1971年我收集了我的第一枚林肯美分，这一直是我的酷爱;那是目前带着Abraham Lincoln的肖像的美分(硬币)Just a little history before I start in on my own collection.在我开始(分享)我自己的收藏前，简单(介绍)一点历史。Lincoln pennies are made of copper, and they were the first United States coin to bear the likeness of a President.林肯美分是铜制的，它们是第一种带有总统肖像的美国硬币。It was ba

3、ck in 1909 when the country was celebrating the centennial of Lincolns birth in 1809 that the decision was made to redesign the one-cent piece in his honor.那是过去的1909年，当国家庆祝1809年林肯诞生的百年纪念时，决定重新设计一美分的硬币向他表示敬意。Before that, the penny had an American Indian head on it.在那之前，美分上有美洲印第安人的头(像)。The new penny w

4、as designed by artist Victor David Brenner.新的美分由艺术家Victor David Brenner设计。This is interesting because he put his initials V.D.B. on the reverse of the coin in its original design.这很有趣，因为他把他的(名字的)大写首字母V.D.B.放到了硬币背面的原始设计上。There was a general uproar when the initials were discovered, and only a limited

5、 number of the coins were struck with the initials on them.当这些大写首字母被发现时有一个大众的骚动，然后只有有限数量的硬币被打了这些大写首字母在(它们)上面。Today a penny with the initials from the San Francisco Mint, called the 1909-SVDB, is worth over $500.今天，一个带着这些大写首字母的出自San Francisco的造币厂的美分，叫做1909-SVDB,价值超过500美金。Now, when I started my coin c

6、ollection, I began with the penny for several reasons.好，当我开始我的硬币收藏时，我从美分开始有几个原因。There were a lot of them.它们有很多。Several hundred billion have been minted, and there were a lot of people collecting them, so I had plenty of people to trade with and talk to about my collection.数千亿(的美分)已经被铸造，并且有许多人收集它们，因此

7、我有足够的可以交易和谈论我的收藏的人。Also, it was a coin I could afford to collect as a young teenager.另外，它是一种我(当时)作为一个年轻的，十几岁的青少年能够收集得起的硬币。In the twenty-five years since then, I have managed to acquire over 300 coins, some of them very rare.从那时起的25年来，我已经努力获得了超过300枚硬币了，其中一些非常稀少。Ill be sharing with you today some of m

8、y rarer specimens, including the 1909-SVDB.今天我将同你们分享我的一些比较稀有的样品，包括1909-SVDB。老托福听力PartC原文2Today I want to talk to you about wasps and their nests.今天我想和你们谈谈黄蜂(马蜂)和他们的巢。Youll recall that biologists divide species of wasps into two groups: solitary and social.你们会记得，生物学家把黄蜂的种类分成两组：独居的和群居的。Solitary wasps,

9、 as the name implies, do not live together with other wasps.独居的黄蜂，顾名思义，不和其他黄蜂生活在一起。In most species the male and female get together only to mate, and then the female does all the work of building the nest and providing food for the offspring by herself.在大多数的种群中，雄性和雌性在一起仅仅为了交配，然后雌性做所有筑巢的工作，并且她自己为后代提供

10、食物。Solitary wasps usually make nests in the ground and they separate the chambers for individual offspring with bits of grass, stone, or mud, whatever is handy.独居的黄蜂通常在地下筑巢，并且它们为了个体的后代用少量的草，石头或泥，无论怎样(只要)是方便的(东西就行)，把窝分隔开来。What about social wasps?群居的黄蜂怎么样呢?They form a community and work together to bu

11、ild and maintain the nest.它们形成一个群落并且在一起工作来建造并维护(蜂)巢。A nest begins in the spring when a fertile female, called the queen, builds the first few compartments of the nest and lays eggs.(筑)巢始于春天，当一只能生育的雌性，被称作(蜂)后，建造蜂巢的开始的几个隔室并开始产卵。The first offspring are small females that cannot lay eggs.第一批后代是小个的雌性不能下蛋

12、。These females, called workers, then build a lot of new compartments, and the queen lays more eggs.这些雌性，叫做工蜂，然后会建造很多新的隔室，然后蜂后产更多的卵。They also care for the new offspring and defend the nest with their stingers.它们也照顾新的后代并且使用它们的刺保护蜂巢。By the way, only female wasps have stingers.顺便说一下，只有雌性黄蜂有刺。Most social

13、 wasps make nests of paper.多数黄蜂用纸做巢。The females produce the paper by chewing up plant fibers or old wood.雌性(黄蜂)产生纸是通过嚼碎植物纤维或者老旧的木头。They spread the paper in thin layers to make cells in which the queen lays her eggs.他们把纸铺成薄层来制作单元格，在那里蜂后产下她的卵。Most of you, Im sure, have seen these nests suspended from

14、trees.你们大多数(人)，我相信，曾经见过这些蜂巢从树上悬挂下来。They may also be built underground in abandoned rodent burrows.它们也可能被建造在地下，在被抛弃的啮齿类动物的地洞中。老托福听力PartC原文3One of the most popular myths about the United States in the nineteenth century was that of the free and simple life of the farmer.关于美国在十九世纪的流传最广的传言之一是自由和简单的农民生活。

15、It was said that farmers worked hard on their own land to produce whatever their families needed.据说农民在他们自己的土地上辛勤的劳作，生产他们家庭需要的一切。They might sometimes trade with neighbors; but in general they could get along just fine by relying on themselves, not on commercial ties with others.他们可能有时候同邻居交易，但通常他们能够自给

16、自足(他们依靠他们自己生活的还好)，与他人没有商业关系。This is how Thomas Jefferson idealized the farmer at the beginning of the nineteenth century, and, at that time, this may have been close to the truth, especially on the frontier.这就是Thomas Jefferson如何理想化了的十九世纪初期的农民，并且，在那时，这也许已经接近了真相，特别是在边远地区。But by mid-century, sweeping c

17、hanges in agriculture were well under way as farmers began to specialize in the raising of crops such as cotton or corn or wheat.但是在世纪中叶，当农民开始专门化种植农作物如：棉花或者玉米或者小麦的(产量的)时候，农业上的彻底变化已经充分开始，By late in the century, revolutionary advances in farm machinery had vastly increased production of specialized cr

18、ops.在世纪末，农业机械上的革命性的改进，极大地增加了专业作物的产量。And the extensive network of railroads had linked farmers throughout the country to markets in the East and even overseas.而且广大的铁路网把全国的农民同东部的，甚至海外的市场连接了起来。By raising and selling specialized crops, farmers could afford more and finer goods and achieve a much higher

19、standard of living, but at a price.通过种植和出售专门的作物，农民能够买得起更多和能好的商品，并且获得更高的生活标准，但是价钱很高。Now, farmers were no longer dependent just on the weather and their own efforts.现在，农民不再仅仅依靠天气和他们自己的努力。Their lives were increasingly controlled by banks, which had power to grant or deny loans for new machinery, and by

20、 the railroads, which set the rates for shipping their crops to market.他们的生活越来越多地受到银行的控制，(银行)有权利同意或拒绝给新机器贷款，受到铁路(的控制)，(铁路)为运输他们的作物到市场上设定价格。As businessmen, farmers now had to worry about national economic depressions and the influence of world supply and demand on, for example, the price of wheat in

21、Kansas.作为商人，农民现在不得不担心国民经济萧条，以及世界的供应与需求的影响，举例来说，Kansas的小麦价格。And so, by the end of the nineteenth century, the era of Jeffersons independent farmer had come to a close.因此，在十九世纪末，Jefferson的独立的农民的时代已经终结。老托福听力PartC原文4Before moving on to a new topic, I want to finish up our unit on arachnids by looking at

22、 what may seem a very unusual aspect of spider behavior, a species where the young spiders actually consume the body of their mother.在转到新的主题之前，我想结束我们在蛛形纲上的单元，通过着眼于一个看似非常不同寻常的蜘蛛行为的方面，年幼的蜘蛛实际上消耗他们母亲的身体的一个种群。Unlike most other spiders, this species lays one, and only one, clutch of 40 eggs in her lifeti

23、me.不像大多数其他蜘蛛，这个种类在她的一生中下一窝，而且只下一窝，40只卵。The young spiders hatch in mid-spring or early summer, inside a nest of eucalyptus leaves.年幼的蜘蛛在仲春或初夏，在一个桉树叶的窝里面。Their mother spends the warm summer months bringing home large insectsoften 10 times her weightfor meal.它们的母亲消耗了几个月的温暖的夏季(时光)将大型的昆虫带回家通常10倍于她的重量当食物。

24、The catch is always significantly more than her young spiders can eat.捕获物总是大大地多于她的年幼的蜘蛛(幼仔)所能吃掉的。So, the mother fattens herself up on this extra prey and stores the nutrients in her extra unfertilized eggs.因此，(蜘蛛)母亲用这些额外的猎物把自己养肥，并且把营养素储存在她另外的非受精卵中。As the weather turns colder, there are fewer insect

25、prey to hunt.随着天气转冷，能捕猎的昆虫猎物很少了。Thats when the nutrients stored in those extra eggs begin to seep into the mothers bloodstream.那就是当储存在这些另外的卵中的这些营养素开始渗入到母亲的血流中的时候。So, when there are no more insects to feed to the young spiders, they attach themselves to the mothers leg joints and draw nourishment by

26、sucking the nutrient-rich blood.所以，当没有更多的昆虫来喂养年幼的蜘蛛时，它们把它们自己贴在母亲的腿关节上，通过吮吸营养丰富的血液来吸取营养。After several weeks, the mother is depleted of all nutrients and she dies.几周之后，母亲被耗尽所有的营养并死去。But then how do the young get nourishment?然而幼仔如何获取营养呢?They start to feed on one another.它们开始以彼此为食。Now, if you recall our

27、 discussion of Darwin, youll see the evolutionary value of this: Only the strongest spiders of the clutch will survive this cannibalism, and the mother spider will have ensured that her genes have an increased chance of survival through future generations.现在，如果你记得我们关于达尔文的讨论，你将看到这种进化的价值：只有窝里最强壮的蜘蛛将会在

28、这种“嗜食同类”中生存，蜘蛛母亲将会确保她的基因凭借未来的后代增加生存的机会。老托福听力PartC原文5Moving away from newspapers, lets now focus on magazines.从报纸离开，我们现在集中在杂志上。Now, the first magazine was a little periodical called The Review, and it was started in London in 1704.好，第一个杂志是一个小期刊，叫做The Review，它于1704年始于伦敦。It looked a lot like the newspa

29、pers of the time, but in terms of its content, it was much different.它看起来很像当时的杂志，但是从它的内容方面(来看)，它有很大不同。Newspapers were concerned mainly with news events, but The Review focused on important domestic issues of the day, as well as the policies of the government.报纸所涉及的主要是新闻事件，但是The Review集中在当日重要的国内议题和政府

30、的政策上。Now, in England at the time, people could still be thrown in jail for publishing articles that were critical of the king.好吧，在那个时期的英国，人们仍然会因为发表对国王不满的*而被扔进监狱。And thats what happened to Daniel Defoe.这事儿就发生在了Daniel Defoe身上。He was the outspoken founder of The Review.他是The Review的直言不讳的创始人。Defoe actua

31、lly wrote the first issue of The Review from prison!事实上Defoe写的The Review第一个议题就来自监狱。You see, he had been arrested because of his writings that criticized the policies of the Church of England, which was headed by the king.你看，他被逮捕是因为他的批评英国国教的政策的*，那是由国王领导的。After his release, Defoe continued to produce

32、The Review, and the magazine started to appear on a more frequent schedule, about three times a week.获释之后，Defoe继续创作The Review，并且该杂志开始在一个更频繁的时间表上出现，大约一周三次。It didnt take long for other magazines to start popping up.其他杂志没多久也开始流行。In 1709, a magazine called The Tatler began publication. This new magazine contained a mixture of news, poetry, political analysis, and philosophical essays.在1709年，一个叫做The Tatler杂志开始出版。这个新杂志包含了一个新闻，诗歌，政治分析，和哲学短文。