being的详细用法总结.doc

《being的详细用法总结.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《being的详细用法总结.doc（16页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。

1、being的详细用法总结 今天给大家带来了being的用法，我们一起来学习吧，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。being的用法be动词在句型分析时通常归为linking verb(联缀动词)。意思是说它只有连接主词与补语的联缀功能，本身没有意义。同样地，being 一字也没有什么意义，可是有时候句子中少了它就是不行。能够灵活运用being(以及having been)，可以加强句子的表达能力，丰富句型的变化。然而一般学习者对being的用法大都不是很熟悉，有必要整理一下。being的用法，可以从这个观察切入：be动词是没有意义的linking verb。所以，用到being一字，主要是需要它-

2、ing的字尾。这个字尾可以表达以下几种功能，而这些功能也就是使用being的主要原因。?表示进行的状态being当现在分词解释时，表示进行式的状态。例如下面这段对话中的用法。例1A: Why did you say the food was delicious when in fact it was awful?菜其实难吃死了，你刚才为什么要说很好吃?B: I was being polite to our hostess.我是在表示对女主人的礼貌呀。如果B的回答中没有being，就成为：I was polite to our hostess. 我对女主人有礼貌。如此一来，就无法表现出说菜好吃

3、是客套话的这个意思。这时候就有必要用being来强调进行状态，才能将意思表达清楚。再看下面这个例子:例2A: Is my car ready?我的车好了吗?B: Its being repaired and tested. Come back after three. 还在修理、测试。三点以后再来。在被动语态的动词中加上being，才能表示进行状态。如果没有being，那么B的回答可能变成这样：Its repaired and tested. Happy driving. 都修好了，也测试过了。祝开车愉快。被动语态的动词中如果没有being，那么剩下的过去分词(如上例中的repaired, t

4、ested)就带有强烈的完成状态暗示(修好了、测试过了)。因此被动语态中必须用being才能表示进行状态，否则会语意不清。同样的情况也适用于减化子句中，例如：Your car, being repaired and tested, will not be ready until three. 你的车正在修理、测试中，三点以后才会好。句中的绿色部分是下面这个形容词子句的减化：Your car, which is being repaired and tested, will not be ready until three.反之，如果减化子句中没有being，就从进行状态变成完成状态，意思完全不

5、同：Your car, (which is) repaired and tested, should run without any problem now.你的车修好了，也测试过了，开起来应该没问题。做词类变化being可以加在减化子句中来做词类变化之用，使减化子句符合词类的要求。例如：例3I resent being made to wait.我很讨厌别人要我等。句中的受词部分being made to wait，可以视为名词子句that I am made to wait的减化。减化过程中，如果只留下补语部分，成为made to wait，会产生词类的错误。因为made to wait是

6、过去分词词组的构造，属于广义的形容词类，不能取代名词子句当做 resent的受词。然而made to wait这个词组又要保留made的过去分词形状，才能表达被动语态。这时只能在前面加上being，成为being made to wait (动名词词组)，以符合名词词类的要求。另一种词类变化的情形也和减化子句有关：例4Because I am your best friend, I must talk you out of this foolish idea.因为我是你最好的朋友，我一定要劝你打消这个愚蠢的念头。句中Because I am your best friend是副词子句。减化时如

7、果照一般做法，省去主词、be动词与连接词，只留下补语部分，就会剩下your best friend。但这是一个名词词组，和原来的副词子句在词类上有冲突。而且这个名词词组本身又无法做词类变化。这时候如果在前面加上being，成为being your best friend，就能把词类转变为分词词组，或称分词构句，可以取代原来的副词子句：Being your best friend, I must talk you out of this foolish idea.there being用法用法一、there being相当于一个独立主格结构，可在句子中用做状语，表示原因等。如：There bei

8、ng too many new words, I find the text difficult.由于生词太多，我认为课文很难。There being a lot of work to be done, I dont know what to do.由于很多事情要做，我不知道该如何是好。用法二、相当于一个带有逻辑主语的动词-ing形式。在句子中可做介词(除介词for外) 的宾语。如：The crops grow well because of there being enough rain this year.由于今年雨水充足，庄稼长得很好。Judging from there being n

9、o much furniture in the house, we know that they are very poor.从他家没有什么家具来看，我们知道他们很穷。被动语态讲解被动语态的结构是：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。eg. Saddam is being tried. 萨达姆正在接受审判。被动语态时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词不变。(一)举例Saddam is being tried. 萨达姆正在接受审判。The Iraqi government is trying Saddam. 伊拉克政府正在审判萨达姆。More and

10、 more people use computers now.(主动语态)Computers are more and more widely used now.(被动语态)English is spoken all over the world. (被动语态)(二)英汉两种语言在表达被动方式上的差异汉语表达被动语态非常简单明了，用“被”“遭”“受”等词来表示，如“被捕”、“被杀”、“受到凌辱”等。而英语表达被动的方式也不复杂，用“助动词be+动词的过去分词”表示。其中助动词be有人称、数量和时态的变化，而这正是英语被动语态的难点。(三)被动语态的构成被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成

11、。这里要强调一定是及物动词的过去分词，因为不及物动词不能带宾语，也就不可能有被动语态。英语主动语态有16个时态;被动语态常用的有8个，以give为例说明如下：时态动词形式一般现在时Am/is/are given一般过去时Was/were given一般将来时Shall/will be given现在进行时Am/is/are being given过去进行时Was/were being given过去将来时Should/would be given现在完成时Has/have been given过去完成时Had been given被动语态的疑问句是将第一个助动词移到主语之前、句末用问号;否定式

12、是在第一个助动词后加not或never等其他否定词、句末用句号。如：“During the interview, were you asked questions in English?” “No, I wasnt asked questions in English.” “面试的时候，用英语问你问题了吗?”“没有，没有用英语问我问题。”The origin of the universe will probably never be explained. 宇宙的起源大概永远也不会被解释清楚。Is the restaurant being decorated? 那家餐馆正在装修吗?The re

13、staurant is not being decorated. In the fact the restaurant has never been decorated。那家餐馆没有在装修。实际上，那家餐馆从来没有装修过。(四)被动语态的用法1、不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。换个说法，有一件事情不知道是谁干的或者不想说出是谁干的，这时就用被动语态。例如：I felt a littlie nervous when I was being interviewed. 我接受面试的时候，有点紧张。These fighters are imported from Russia. 这些战斗机是从俄国进

14、口的。That place has been turned into a swimming pool. 那个地方已被变成游泳池。2、说话或发表意见时，为了显得客观公正，也常用被动语态Hes said/believed/reported to be in the U. S. A. 据说/据信/据报道他在美国。还有下列常用句型(that后面跟句子)：It is said that. 据说It is reported that. 据报道It is hoped that. 希望It is believed that. 人们相信It is announced that. 据宣布it is (well)

15、known that. 众所周知It has been decided that. 已经决定It is supposed that. 人们认为It is suggested that. 有人建议It must be remembered that. 务必记住It is taken for granted that. 被视为当然(五)主动句变被动句的注意事项一是时态不能改变;二是变为被动语态后，谓语动词要和被动语态的主语在人称、数上保持一致。还要作如下变动：把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语;主动语态的主语放在by的后面，组成介词短语，再把这个介词短语放在被动语态的谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无

16、须说明或不必要强调时，by短语可以省略。例如：They will open a new supermarket there soon. 他们很快将在那里开办个新超市。A new supermarket will be opened there soon. 一个新超市不久将在那里开办。The doctor gave two lectures in English. 那位医生用英语讲了两次课。Two lectures were given by the doctor in English. 由那位医生用英语讲了两次课。Somebody has warned us to be careful of

17、rats. 有人警告我们要当心老鼠。We have been warned to be careful of rats. 我们受到警告，要当心老鼠。如果主动语态有两个宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)，变为被动语态时，可将其中任何一个宾语变为主语，另一个不变。但较常见的是将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语。The reporters asked the president some questions. 记者们问了总统一些问题。The president was asked some questions by the reporters. ( 变间接宾语为主语)Some questions were ask

18、ed the president by the reporters. (变直接宾语为主语)We have given him a job. 我们已给了他一个工作。He has been given a job. (变间接宾语为主语)A job has been given (to) him. (变直接宾语为主语)(六)含有情态动词的被动语态句中含有情态动词时，其被动语态的结构是：情态动词+be+过去分词：The timetable can be changed any time. 时间表随时可以改变。This book may not be taken out of the reading r

19、oom. 这本书不允许带出阅览室。This dictionary must be taken good care of. 这本词典必须保管好。(七)关于被动语态的几点说明1、有些动词形式上是主动，意义上是被动。例如:School begins in September. 学校九月份开学。The library doesnt open on Sunday. 图书馆星期天不开放。The machine runs well. 这台机器容易操作。My pen writes well. 我的钢笔好使。The cloth washes well. 这料子耐洗。The dictionary sells we

20、ll. 这词典销路很好。The book hardly sells. 这书买不出去。The door will not shut/lock. 门关/锁不上。2、make, see, watch, hear, notice, feel等使役动词和感官动词的宾语后面可以接不带to的不定式作宾补。但在被动语态中，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：They made him go. 他们让他去。He was made to go. 他被要求去了。I heard him say good-bye to his friends. 我听见他向他的朋友说再见。He was heard to say good-by

21、e to his friends. 有人听到他向他的朋友说再见。3、除助动词be外，动词get有时也可跟过去分词构成被动语态，是比较口语化的一种被动语态。这种结构中很少用by短语。例如:I got lost in the huge market. 在那个巨大的市场中我迷失了方向。You might get killed/hurt. 你会送命/受伤的。In the end this story got translated into English. 这故事最后被译成了英文。His car got damaged in a road accident. ?他的车在交通事故中被毁了。4、“have

22、/get+宾语+过去分词”这个句型也表达了一种被动的意思。如：Ill have the bike repaired in no time. 我一会就把自行车修好。I had my wallet stolen/lost last Sunday when I was shopping. 上星期天买东西的时候我的钱夹被盗。He got his leg broken when playing football. ?踢足球的时候他把腿弄断了。I bought these books at a discount and had two hundred dollars saved. 我打折买了这些书，省了两百美元。5、在need, want, require后面，主动的-ing形式表达被动的意思：My watch needs cleaning. (=needs to be cleaned) 我的表需要清洗。Your garden needs watering. (=to be watered) 你的花园需要浇水。Does your suit require pressing, sir? 先生，您的衣服要烫吗?being的详细用法总结