Wpkhvj听力速记符号汇编适合雅思听力高级口译.docx

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1、Wpkhvj听力速记符号汇编适合雅思听力高级口译生命是永恒不断的创造，因为在它内部蕴含着过剩的精力，它不断流溢，越出时间和空间的界限，它不停地追求，以形形色色的自我表现的形式表现出来。 泰戈尔 听力速记符号汇编 常用速记箭头汇编 g 1表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc. 2表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc. 3表示屈服：submit to f h 1表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc. 2表示

2、追溯到：come/go back to，originate 1表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc. 2表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc. 3表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen， promote, etc 表示“波折”：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc. 常用速记数学符号汇编： 表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc. + 2表示“多”的比较级：more +(

3、+) + = 3表示“多”的最高级：most 表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc. 表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc. 1表示“多于”概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc. 2表示“高” 概念：superior to，surpass, etc. 1表示“少于”概念：less/smaller，etc. 2表示“低”概念：inferior

4、 to，etc. 1表示“同等”概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc. 2表示“对手”概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc. ( ) / 表示“在.之间”：among, within, etc. 1表示“不同”概念：be different from, etc. 2表示“无敌”概念：matchless, peerless, etc. 表示“大约”概念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc. 表示“否

5、定”，“消除”等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc. 1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symb

6、ols helpful in math - these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism Use entire firs

7、t syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max

8、 = maximum intro = introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetition Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word. ppd = prepared prblm = problem estmt = estimate bkgd = background gvt = government Use an apostrophe in place of letters. amt =

9、amount contd = continued govt = government educatl = educational Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. chpts = chapters egs = examples fs = frequencies intros = introductions Use g to represent ing endings. ckg = checking estg = establishing decrg = decreasing exptg = experime

10、nting Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key. Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand. Leave out unimportant words. Leave out the words a and the. If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initi

11、als whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter. Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words. & = and w/ = with w/o = without vs = against = therefore = = is or equal Use technical symbols where applicabl

12、e. zb = German, for example ibid = Latin, the same work o = degrees H2O = water More reference: Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples: + plus / parallel Use standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples: eg example IT dept Information Technology department UK Unit

13、ed Kingdom Use only the first syllable of a word. Examples: mar marketing cus customer cli client Use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: subj subject budg budget ind individual To distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable o

14、f the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples: techgy technology genion generalisation dely delivery Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples: assoc associated ach achievement info information Omit vowels from the middle of words, ret

15、aining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples: bkgd background mvmt movement prblm problem Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. Examples: custs customers fs frequencies /s ratios Use g to represent ing endings. Examples: decrg decreasi

16、ng ckg checking estblg establishing Spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples: in but as key Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples: is was were Leave out unnecessary articles. Examples: a an the If a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, ini

17、tials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACB Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples: at 2 to 4 for & and w/ with w/o without vs against Create your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may w

18、ish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects. Other Symbols and Abbreviations as a result of / consequences of resulting in - and / also + equal to / same as = following ff most importantly * less than especially esp/ 一、 缩略词 英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: importa

19、nt, ASAP: as soon as possible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。 缩略词的写法一般为四种方式： F拿掉所有元音 MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive F保留前几个字母 INFO information INS insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU In stead of I/O F保留开头和结尾个发音字母 WK week RM room PL people F根据发音 R are THO though THRU throug

20、h 高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表 缩略词 原词 APT Apartment ACC Accountant ACDG According ACPT Accept AD Advertisement ADS Address ADV Advice AMAP As much/many as possible AMT Amount APV Approve ASAP As soon as possible BAL Balance BLDG Building CERT Certificate CFM Conform CNCL Cancel CNF Conference CMI Commission CMP C

21、omplete CMPE Compete/competitive CMU Communication CONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND Condition CO. Company DEPT Department DISC Discount DPT Departure EXCH Exchange EXPLN Explain EXT Extent FLT Flight FNT Final FRT Freight FYR For your reference GD Good GUAR Guarantee H.O. Home office INFO Info

22、rmation IMPS Impossible IMP(T) Important INCD Include INDIV Individual INS INTST I/O IOU IVO MANUF MDL MEMO MGR MIN MKT MSG NCRY NLT OBS OBT ORD PAT PC PKG PL PLS POSN POSS(BL) PROD QLTY QUTY RCV REF REGL REP RESN RPT RESPON SEC Insurance Interested In stead of I owe you In view of Manufacture Model

23、 Memorandum Manger Minimum Market Message Necessary No later than Observe Obtain Ordinary Patent Piece Packing People Please Position Possible Product Quality Quantity Receive Reference Regular Representative Reservation Repeat Responsible Section SITN Situation STD Standard TEL Telephone TEMP Tempo

24、rary TGM Telegraph THO Though TKS Thanks TRD Trade TRF Traffic TTL Total U You UR Your WK Week WL Will WT Weight XL Extra large 二、 字母、图像 Z 表示人people/person，因为Z看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如：日本人：JZ。 C 表示*，统治：government，govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。governmental official 可

25、以表示为 CZ P 表示政治：politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。那么politician就可以表示为 PZ E 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。 G 表示效率：efficient, effective。G为效率符号。 Q 表示通货膨胀：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。 A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代

26、替。 B 表示商业：business。 C 表示冲突，矛盾：conflict， confrontation C中的表示反对，字母C将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation。 W 表示工作，职业: work, employ 等。它是work的第一个字母。所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。 i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。 U U 看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示举杯祝贺。如果在U

27、内填入2，就可以表示为bilateral, 填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。填入在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism，填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。如果在U上加一个/表示谈判破裂。 O 表示国家、民族、领土等：country, state, nation, etc.gO表示进口，Og表示出口 这个符号酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主办：chair, host, preside over。那么在此符号上加Z表示主席，主持人：chairman, host, etc. T 表示领导人：leader, head那么head of government, head of

28、 company 便可以表示为 CT 圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等：meeting，conference， negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposium k 这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示捕鱼业等合fishery 有关的词汇。 O 圆圈代表地球，横线表示赤道，所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc. J 表示开心：pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, etc. L 表示不满、生气unsat

29、isfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc. EO 表示听到、总所周之：as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc. O 表示漠不关心、无动于衷：indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, dont care much, etc. 三、 箭头 g 表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc. 表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the directio

30、n of, etc. 表示屈服：submit to f 表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc. 表示追溯到：come/go back to，originate h 表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc. 表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc. 表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen， promote, etc 表示波折：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc. 四、 数学符号 + 表示多: many,

31、 lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc. +(+2) 表示多的比较级：more +3 表示多的最高级：most 表示少: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc. 表示错误、失误和坏的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc. 表示多于概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc. 表示高 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.

32、 表示少于概念：less/smaller，etc. 表示低概念：inferior to，etc. = 表示同等概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc. 表示对手概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc. ( ) 表示在.之间：among, within, etc. 表示不同概念：be different from, etc. 表示无敌概念：matchless, peerless, etc. 表示大约概念：about/around，or so，

33、approximately, etc. / 表示否定，消除等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc. 五、 标点等 : 表示各种各样说的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc. ? 表示问题：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw? . (dot) 这个.点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样.d表示yesterday, .y表示last year, .2m表示two month ago。y表示this year, y2. two year laternext week, 可以表示为wk. 表示转折 表示好的状

34、态，right/good，famous/well-known，etc. 表示同意状态，stand up for，support， agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc. 表示重要的状态：important，exemplary best，outstanding，brilliant，etc. n 表示交流状态：exchange，mutual, etc. & 表示和，与：and，together with，along with， accompany，along with，further more，etc. 表示结束：end，stop，halt，bring

35、sth to a standstill/stop, etc. 六、 较长单词的处理办法 -ism 简写为 m 例如：socialism Sm -tion 简 简写为 n 例如：standardization (标准化) stdn -cian 简 简写为 o 例如：technician techo -ing 简写为 g 例如：marketing (市场营销) MKTg -ed 简写为 d 例如：accepted acptd -able/ible/ble 简写为 bl 例如：available avbl -ment 简写为 mt 例如：amendment amdmt -ize 简写为 z 例如：recognize regz -ful 简写为 fl 例如：meaningful mnfl