01情态动词 思维导图.docx

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1、01情态动词 思维导图 情 态 动 词 无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语 01 can, could 1) 表示能力 Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。 Can you lift this heavy box? Mary can speak three languages. Can you skate? 此时可用be able to代替。 Ill not be able to come this afternoon. 当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。 如： He was able to

2、 go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2) 表示请求和允许。此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可 -Can I go now? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 用could,might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能 - Could I come to see you tomorrow? - Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. ) 用于肯定句和答语中。 3) 表示客观可能性 Theyve changed the timetable, so

3、 we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least. 02 may, might 4) 表示推测，用于疑问句、Can this be true? This cant be done by him. 否定句和感叹句中。 How can this be true? 1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过-Might/ May I smoke in this room? - No, you mustnt. 去式。否定回答时可用cant或mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止”。 2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿

4、。 - May/Might I take this book out of the room? - Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt. ) 用May I.？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I.？在口语中更常见。 May you succeed! 3) 表示推测、可能性。might不是过去式，1He may /might be very busy now. 它所表示的可能性比may小。 2Your mother may /might not know the truth. 1) 表示必须、必要。在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，You must

5、come in time. 不能用mustnt，而用neednt, dont have to- Must we hand in our exercise books today? - Yes, you must. - No, you dont have to / you neednt. . 2) must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。1 he play isnt interesting, I really must go now. Must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。 2 I had to work when I was your age. 3)

6、 表示推测、可能性 1 Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 2 Your mother must be waiting for you now. 1 How dare you say Im unfair? 2 He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he? 3 If we dared not go there that day， we couldnt get the beautiful flowers. 1You neednt come so ear

7、ly. 2. - Need I finish the work today? - Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. 1. I dare to swim across this river. 2. He doesnt dare (to) answer. 3. He needs to finish his homework today. What shall we do this evening? 1. You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告) 2. He shall have the book when I finish

8、it.(允诺) 3. He shall be punished.(威胁) 03 must, have to 04 dare, need 1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。 2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。 3) dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。 05 shall

9、, should 1) shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。 2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 情 态 动 词 无 人 称 和 数 的 变化；不 能 单 独 使用，必 须 与 其 后 的 动 词 原 形 构 成 谓 语 08 情态动词+不定式完成式 5) neednt +不定式完成式 表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。 1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”，是虚拟语气；在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。 2) may / might +不定式完成式 表示对

10、过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中，没有虚拟语气的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may小。 3）must +不定式完成式用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can，cant代替。参看1) can / could + have done表示推测。 4）should +不定式完成式 用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。 He should have finished the work by now。 表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”，其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式互换。 1. You ought to / sh

11、ould have helped him. (but you didnt.) 2. She shouldnt have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it. You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain. 06 will, would 07 hould, ought to 1) 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。 2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。 3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示4) 表示估计和猜想。 1) should

12、, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。 2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。 Will / Would you pass me the ball, please? 1. I will never do that again. 2. They asked him if he would go abroad. 1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. 过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。

13、 2. The wound would not heal. It would be about ten oclock when she left home. 1. I should help her because she is in trouble. 2. You ought to take care of the baby. 1. You should / ought to go to class right away. 2. Should I open the window? 3) 表示推测should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。 1. He must

14、be home by now. (断定他已到家) 2. He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定) 3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽) 4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄) 1. You could have done better, but you didnt try your best. 2. He cant have been to that town. 3. Can he have got the book? 1. He may not have finished the work . 2. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier. 1. You must have seen the film Titanic. 2. He must have been to Shanghai. 6) will +不定式完成式主要用于第二、三人称，He will have arrived by now. 表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。