水污染控制工程:第15章厌氧生物处理工艺课件.ppt
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1、第15章:废水厌氧生物处理,15.1 厌氧生物处理的基本原理(Fundamental of anaerobic biological treatment)15.2 厌氧生物处理工艺的发展(Development of Anaerobic Treatment Process)15.3 现代高速厌氧生物反应器(High Rate Anaerobic Treatment Process)15.4 厌氧生物处理法的设计计算(Design of Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment Process),15 废水厌氧生物处理Anaerobic wastewater biologic
2、al treatment,主要内容(outline),(1)概述(overview)早期被称为厌氧消化(Anaerobic Digestion)、厌氧发酵(Anaerobic Fermentation)。实际上,是指在厌氧条件下由多种(厌氧及兼性厌氧anaerobic microbes&facultative anaerobe)微生物的共同作用下,使有机物分解并产生CH4和CO2的过程。,15 废水厌氧生物处理Anaerobic wastewater biological treatment,15.1 厌氧生物处理的基本原理(Fundamental of anaerobic biologica
3、l treatment),Definition:,Anaerobic treatment is a biological process carried out in the absence of O2 for the stabilization of organic materials by conversion to CH4 and inorganic end-products such as CO2 and NH3.,15.1 厌氧生物处理的基本原理Fundamental of Anaerobic Wastewater Biological Treatment,(1)概述(overvie
4、w),Advantages:,Less energy required;Less biological sludge production;Fewer nutrients required;Methane production,a potential energy source;Higher Volumetric Loadings and Smaller reactor volume required;Can kill worm eggs and pathogen in isolation of air.,15.1 厌氧生物处理的基本原理Fundamental of Anaerobic Was
5、tewater Biological Treatment,(2)特点(Character of anaerobic treatment),15.1 厌氧生物处理的基本原理Fundamental of Anaerobic Wastewater Biological Treatment,(2)特点(Character of anaerobic treatment),Disadvantages:,Longer start-up time;May require alkalinity addition;Lower quality effluent and Need further treatment;
6、More sensitive to temperature,pH or toxic compounds;Potential for odor production;Biological nutrient removal is not possible.,厌氧微生物的增殖速率低(lower biomass yield):产酸菌的产率系数Y为0.150.34kgVSS/kgCOD,产甲烷菌的产率系数Y为0.03kgVSS/kgCOD左右,好氧微生物的产率系数y约为0.50.6kgVSS/kgCOD。,15.1 厌氧生物处理的基本原理Fundamental of Anaerobic Wastewat
7、er Biological Treatment,15.1 厌氧生物处理的基本原理Fundamental of Anaerobic Wastewater Biological Treatment,In general,for municipal wastewater treatment with lower concentrations of biodegradable COD,lower temperature,higher effluent quality needs,and nutrient removal requirement,aerobic processes are favored
8、 at present.,For industrial wastewaters with much higher biodegradable COD concentrations and elevated temperatures,anaerobic processes may be more economical.,Summary assessment:,(3)厌氧消化的机理Biological principle of anaerobic digestion,两阶段理论(Two-stage theory)三阶段理论(Three-stage theory)四类群理论(Four Microbi
9、al group theory),15.1 厌氧生物处理的基本原理Fundamental of Anaerobic Wastewater Biological Treatment,两阶段理论(two-stage theory),水解细菌,产酸菌,有机物,产甲烷菌,15.1 厌氧生物处理的基本原理Fundamental of Anaerobic Wastewater Biological Treatment,产甲烷阶段Methanogenesis,产酸阶段Acidogenesis,Fermentative bacteria,Acetogenic bacteria,Methanogens,产甲烷阶
10、段(Methanogenesis),又称碱性发酵阶段;产甲烷菌利用前一阶段的产物,并将其转化为CH4和CO2;主要参与微生物统称为产甲烷细菌(Methanogens);其特点有:1)生长慢;2)对环境条件(温度、pH、抑制物等)非常敏感。,发酵阶段(Fermentation),又称产酸阶段;主要功能:水解和酸化(hydrolytic acidification),主要产物:脂肪酸、醇类、CO2和H2等;主要的微生物:统称为发酵细菌或产酸细菌;主要特点有:1)生长快,2)适应性(温度、pH等)强。,15.1 厌氧生物处理的基本原理Fundamental of Anaerobic Wastewat
11、er Biological Treatment,两阶段理论(two-stage theory),三阶段理论(three-stage theory),两阶段理论的问题:l研究表明,产甲烷菌只能利用一些简单有机物如甲酸、乙酸、甲醇、甲基胺类以及H2/CO2等,而不能利用含两个碳以上的脂肪酸和甲醇以外的醇类;l70年代,Bryant发现原来认为是一种被称为“奥氏产甲烷菌”的细菌,实际上是由两种细菌共同组成的,一种细菌首先把乙醇氧化为乙酸和H2,另一种细菌利用H2和CO2产生CH4;l因而,提出了“三阶段理论”,15.1 厌氧生物处理的基本原理Fundamental of Anaerobic Wast
12、ewater Biological Treatment,Anaerobic Biodegradation,Hydrolysis,Acidogenesis,Methanogenesis,15.1 厌氧生物处理的基本原理Fundamental of Anaerobic Wastewater Biological Treatment,三阶段理论和四类群理论,说明:1)I、II、III为三阶段理论,2)I、II、III、IV为四类群理论;,有机物,15.1 厌氧生物处理的基本原理Fundamental of Anaerobic Wastewater Biological Treatment,Three
13、 stage&Four Microbial group theory,15.1 厌氧生物处理的基本原理Fundamental of Anaerobic Wastewater Biological Treatment,l 产氢产乙酸阶段(Acidogenesis):产氢产乙酸菌,将丙酸、丁酸等脂肪酸和乙醇等转化为乙酸、H2/CO2;,15.1 厌氧生物处理的基本原理Fundamental of Anaerobic Wastewater Biological Treatment,三阶段(Three stage theory),四类群(Four Microbial group theory),l 同
14、型产乙酸菌(Homoacetogenic bacteria):将H2/CO2合成为乙酸(acetate)。实际上这一部分乙酸的量较少,只占全部乙酸的5%。,厌氧反应动力学,底物降解和微生物增长动力学 Monod方程式 细菌增值速率与底物消耗速率关系式,15.1 厌氧生物处理的基本原理Fundamental of Anaerobic Wastewater Biological Treatment,(4)厌氧消化的影响因素Factors affecting anaerobic digestion,pH:产甲烷菌6.8-7.2。温度:中温(35-38)、高温(52-55).污泥泥龄(sludge r
15、etention time)搅拌和混合(stirring and mixing)营养和碳氮比:(C/N=10-20:1)有毒物质(重金属、H2S、氨),15.1 厌氧生物处理的基本原理Fundamental of Anaerobic Wastewater Biological Treatment,(4)厌氧消化的影响因素Factors affecting anaerobic digestion,15.1 厌氧生物处理的基本原理Fundamental of Anaerobic Wastewater Biological Treatment,15.2 厌氧生物处理工艺的发展Development
16、of Anaerobic Treatment Process,1)厌氧处理工艺的发展简史(History of anaerobic treatment process development),2)早期的厌氧生物反应器(Conventional anaerobic reactor),3)厌氧消化池及设计(Anaerobic digesters and design),15 废水厌氧生物处理Anaerobic wastewater biological treatment,厌氧过程广泛存在于自然界中;1881年,法国,Louis Mouras,“自动净化器”;处理城市污水的化粪池(septic
17、tank)、处理剩余污泥的各种厌氧消化池(anaerobic digesters)等;,1)厌氧生物处理工艺的发展简史History of anaerobic treatment process development,15.2 厌氧生物处理工艺的发展Development of Anaerobic Treatment Process,HRT很长、处理效率很低、浓臭的气味等;,70年代后,能源危机,现代高速厌氧反应器,厌氧消化工艺开始大规模地应用于废水处理;厌氧接触法(Anaerobic Contact Process)厌氧滤池(Anaerobic Filter、AF)上流式厌氧污泥层(床)反
18、应器(Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket(Bed)、UASB)厌氧流化床(Anaerobic Fluidized Bed、AFB)厌氧附着膜膨胀床(Anaerobic Attached Film Expanded Bed、AAFEB)厌氧生物转盘(Anaerobic Rotated Biological Disc、ARBD),15.2 厌氧生物处理工艺的发展Development of Anaerobic Treatment Process,现代高速厌氧反应器(第2代)的主要特点:HRT与SRT分离,SRT相对很长,HRT则较短,反应器内生物量很高(high bio
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